RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between nitrazepam, medazepam, tofisopam, alprazolum and clonazepam treatments during pregnancy and prevalence of different congenital abnormalities (CAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A matched case-control study using cases with CAs and population controls from the dataset of the nationwide Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA), 1980-1996. RESULTS: Of 38,151 pregnant women who had babies without any defects (population control group), 75 (0.20%) were treated with these five benzodiazepines during pregnancy. Of 22,865 pregnant women who delivered offspring with CAs, 57 (0.25%) had benzodiazepine treatment. The occurrence of five benzodiazepine treatments during the second and third months of gestation, i.e. in the critical period for most major CAs did not show significant differences in matched case-control pairs. CONCLUSION: Treatment with five benzodiazepines studied during pregnancy did not present detectable teratogenic risk to the fetus in humans but the amount of information was limited for different CAs.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/induzido quimicamente , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Benzodiazepinas , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Alprazolam/efeitos adversos , Alprazolam/uso terapêutico , Ansiolíticos/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Clonazepam/efeitos adversos , Clonazepam/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido , Medazepam/efeitos adversos , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Nitrazepam/efeitos adversos , Nitrazepam/uso terapêutico , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Teratogênicos/toxicidadeAssuntos
Dor no Peito/etiologia , Espasmo Esofágico Difuso/complicações , Espasmo Esofágico Difuso/terapia , Cardiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diazepam/uso terapêutico , Espasmo Esofágico Difuso/diagnóstico , Espasmo Esofágico Difuso/fisiopatologia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/uso terapêutico , Parassimpatolíticos/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/uso terapêutico , Trimebutina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Agorafobia/classificação , Agorafobia/diagnóstico , Agorafobia/terapia , Medo/classificação , Medo/fisiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Autoimagem , Terapia Psicanalítica/métodos , Agorafobia/complicações , Agorafobia/fisiopatologia , Agorafobia/psicologia , Transtorno de Pânico/diagnóstico , Transtorno de Pânico/psicologia , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Amitriptilina/uso terapêutico , Alprazolam/uso terapêutico , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Fluoxetina/uso terapêutico , Clorazepato Dipotássico/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Mental stress may directly influence coronary heart disease (CHD) and also a number of its etiologic risk factors. Research work carried out by the Psychopharmacology Research Group in the United Kingdom indicates that antianxiety drugs may have an application in the management of the stress factors influencing CHD. In one study there was a significant reduction in the glyceryl trinitrate requirements of patients treated with a tranquilizer, but this result was not confirmed in two other studies. However, out of a total of 77 patients treated with a placebo, there were five cases of myocardial infarction during the trial periods as compared to no such cases among 81 patients treated with the antianxiety drugs.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Bendroflumetiazida/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/psicologia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Clorazepato Dipotássico/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Metildopa/uso terapêutico , Propranolol/uso terapêutico , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Ansiolíticos , Benzodiazepinas , Transtornos Neuróticos/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Psicóticos/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/tratamento farmacológico , Tranquilizantes/uso terapêutico , Transtornos de Adaptação/tratamento farmacológico , Antracenos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lorazepam/análogos & derivados , Lorazepam/uso terapêutico , Maprotilina/uso terapêutico , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico , Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Clordiazepóxido/uso terapêutico , Clorazepato Dipotássico/uso terapêutico , Diazepam/uso terapêutico , Flurazepam/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lorazepam/uso terapêutico , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Nitrazepam/uso terapêutico , Oxazepam/uso terapêutico , Segurança , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Temazepam/uso terapêutico , Triazolam/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Avaliação de Medicamentos/normas , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Neuróticos/tratamento farmacológico , Oxazepam/uso terapêutico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Testes Psicológicos , Humanos , Transtornos Neuróticos/diagnóstico , Psicometria , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
In a retrospective study 103 patients with acute acoustic trauma (AAT) were investigated. The control group (53 patients) was treated with Dextran 40 (10% solution), neurotrop vitamins and Betahistin. Bencyclan was administered additionally in the test group (50 patients). Statistical analysis of the audiometric data showed the following results: 1. Mean hearing levels of the test group showed better improvement of threshold shifts, if the therapy started within 2 days or after more than 10 days after the AAT. 2. Regression-and correlation coefficients, however, in a regression analysis of absolute hearing gains and hearing losses before therapy, did not indicate a substantial effect of Bencyclan. 3. Neither did statistical tests with relative hearing gains show any significant differences between test-and control groups. Consequently Bencyclan is not likely to have a positive effect in AAT, if it is administered in the above mentioned way.
Assuntos
Benciclano/uso terapêutico , Cicloeptanos/uso terapêutico , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Audiometria , beta-Histina/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Dextranos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Soluções , Vitamina A/uso terapêutico , Vitamina E/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Planned treatment of 30 cases of haemorrhagic colitis is reported. Its protocol included salazopyrine and benzodiazepine per os, salazopyrine and prednisone per rectum, and parenteral ACTH depot. Administration for 60 days brought good results in cases of slight or average severity. Recurrences, albeit less severe, were not prevented, however. Attention is drawn to the need to follow up this group of patients for a longer period. Even so, it is felt that the effect of this form of treatment is primarily symptomatic.
Assuntos
Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/uso terapêutico , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Proctocolite/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfassalazina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , HumanosRESUMO
A comparative study of the effect of some benzodiazepine deprivatives (chlonazepam, lorazepam, diazepam, and medazepam) on the recovery cycles of the interzonal response was carried out on unanesthetized curare-immobilized cats. These drugs proved to selectively inhibit the testing potential within the range of 20 to 100 msec. between the conditioning and the testing stimuli. This indicates that potentiation of GABA-ergic inhibition in the cerebral cortex. The threshold doses of the drugs inducing the depression of the test response and of ED50, preventing the development of convulsions, caused by GABA deficiency or by GABA-ergic receptor block, were compared; a correlation between the mentioned effects was demonstrated. The significance of GABA-positive effect of benzodiazepines in the mechanism of their anticonvulsive activity is suggested.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Inibição Neural/efeitos dos fármacos , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Gatos , Clonazepam/uso terapêutico , Diazepam/uso terapêutico , Eletrofisiologia , Lorazepam/uso terapêutico , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico , Fenitoína/uso terapêutico , Convulsões/induzido quimicamente , Convulsões/metabolismo , Semicarbazidas , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismoAssuntos
Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiedade/complicações , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Metildopa/uso terapêutico , Propranolol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A double-blind crossover trial of Medazepam was carried out in 14 anxious hospital patients. The mean self-adjusted dosage was 16.5 mg daily. The active drug was no more effective than placebo in relieving anxiety, which was rated both clinically and by the Middlesex Health Questionnaire (M.H.Q.) (Crown and Crisp, 1970). This may have been because the dose was relatively low for chronically anxious hospital patients. Even this dosage caused significantly higher scores on the M.H.Q. scale for depression. Braking and driving simulator tests were not adversely affected by Medazepam. In real driving conditions those taking the drug made significantly more technical, but not dangerous, errors. Pulse and blood pressure also were not affected.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Condução de Veículo , Medazepam/farmacologia , Destreza Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Humanos , Masculino , Medazepam/uso terapêutico , Tempo de Reação/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise e Desempenho de TarefasRESUMO
A study was carried out of 30 consecutive patients with withdrawal psychosis who in the period 1972 to 1975 were admitted to a psychiatric department or were attended by the department while hospitalized in a somatic department. There was a clear majority of women among cases of psychosis following drug withdrawal (15 as against four) and a clear majority of men among cases of psychosis following alcohol withdrawal (nine as against two). Competing pathogenetic factors could be considered present in most cases in the last mentioned group. In most cases the abrupt cessation took place in conjunction with admission to hospital, most frequently surgical cases or cases of acute drug toxication. In other cases abrupt cessation was decided upon by the patient himself. Frequently predelirium treatment was either omitted or was given in the form of neuroleptics. Approximately a quarter of the patients initially denied their abuse. The study indicates that withdrawal psychosis can make its debut or become manifest at so late a stage as about the 14th day of the withdrawal phase following use of benzodiazepines and d-propoxiphene. It is further indicated that abrupt cessation of benzodiazepines taken in "therapeutic" doses for several years in some instances can give rise to a withdrawal psychosis.