In which cases should endometrial destruction be performed during an operative hysteroscopy? Clinical practice guidelines from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF)

To provide guidelines from the French College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (CNGOF), based on the best evidence available, concerning the impact of endometrial destruction on bleeding and endometrial cancer risk reduction in patients candidates for operative hysteroscopy.Recommendations were made according to AGREE II and the GRADE® (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) systems to determine separately the quality of evidence (QE) and in the level of recommendation. In a retrospective study comparing the incidence of endometrial cancer in 4776 patients with menorrhagia treated with endometrial destruction vs 229 945 patients with a medical treatment. There was a non-significant reduced risk of developing endometrial cancer (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.15-1.40; p = .17). In premenopausal women, five studies compared the incidence of endometrial cancer in patients treated with endometrial ablation/destruction (EA/D) to the incidence of endometrial cancer in a comparable population of women from national registers, all of which show reduced risk of endometrial cancer after endometrectomy. In case of menopausal metrorrhagia, the prevalence of endometrial cancer is 9%, by analogy with the results found in premenopausal patients, the combination of endometrial ablation during operative hysteroscopy seems justified. In a retrospective cohort of 177 non-menopausal patients treated with myomectomy for metrorrhagia and/or menorrhagia, a significantly better control of bleeding at 12 months was found when myomectomy was combined with endometrectomy using roller-ball (OR: 0.18 [95% Cl 0.05-0.63]; p = 0.003). In premenopausal women with heavy menstrual bleeding, when an operative hysteroscopy is performed, it is recommended to propose an endometrial ablation/destruction in order to prevent the risk of endometrial cancer, (QE3) and to prevent recurrence of bleeding (QE2). In menopausal women, it is probably recommended to also perform an endometrial ablation/destruction in case of operative hysteroscopy in order to prevent the risk of endometrial cancer (QE1).

Fístulas arteriovenosas uterinas tras legrado. Manejo histeroscópico / Uterine arteriovenous malformations after curettage. Hysteroscopic management

Las fístulas arteriovenosas uterinas o malformaciones arteriovenosas uterinas constituyen una de esas afecciones extrañas y poco conocidas que dan lugar a cuadros de metrorragia que pueden llegar a comprometer la vida de la paciente. Estas pueden ser congénitas o adquiridas. Queremos revisar en este artículo las fístulas arteriovenosas adquiridas que acontecen tras la realización de un legrado uterino, su incidencia y el manejo histeroscópico, hasta donde nosotros conocemos, los distintos tratamientos se han limitado a manejo expectante o con ergotínicos, embolización o histerectomía, sin valorar la opción histeroscópica. Pensamos que la resolución de esta afección por vía histeroscópica puede abrir una nueva vía de terapia para las fístulas arteriovenosas uterinas adquiridas producidas tras la realización de un legrado uterino (AU)

Uterine arteriovenous malformations are uncommon entities that may lead to life-threatening genital bleeding. These malformations can be congenital or acquired. In this article, we review uterine arteriovenous malformations occurring after curettage, their incidence, and their hysteroscopic management. To our knowledge, the distinct therapeutic options are limited to expectant management with or without methylergometrine maleate, embolization and hysterectomy, without considering hysteroscopy. We believe that hysteroscopic management could be a new treatment option for uterine arteriovenous malformation occurring after curettage (AU)

Cirugía histeroscópica del istmocele: ¿solución a un viejo problema? / Hysteroscopic surgery of isthmocele: a solution to an old problem?

El aumento de cesáreas en los últimos años en los países desarrollados conlleva asociado la posibilidad de aparición de una serie de problemas derivados de ellas; entre ellos, los más conocidos son los obstétricos, siendo los ginecológicos menos frecuentes. Entre estos últimos destaca el istmocele o defecto de cicatrización a nivel de la incisión de una cesárea previa. Este consiste en una saculación a nivel ístmico que se asocia a sangrado posmenstrual, dolor abdominal y esterilidad secundaria. Presentamos una revisión del tema con los datos disponibles hasta el momento actual(AU)

The increase in cesarean sections in developed countries in recent years has led to the possibility of a parallel increase in the problems associated with this procedure. The best known are obstetric problems, while gynecological complications are less frequent. A cesarean scar defect can sometimes be found at the incision of a previous cesarean section, consisting of a sacculation of isthmic localization where residual menstrual blood accumulates, causing post-menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain and secondary infertility. We present a review of the topic with the evidence available to date(AU)

Síndrome de Munchausen y gestación / Syndrome of Munchausen and pregnancy

Las metrorragias en el tercer trimestre de la gestación que parecen un cuadro de placenta previa pueden corresponder a una llamada de atención del paciente hacia el médico. Esta situación clínica nace de alteraciones facticias que permiten al paciente adoptar el papel de enfermo. Ello puede conducir a una intervención quirúrgica inútil: cesárea por metrorragias, por ejemplo. La principal dificultad de la situación es diagnóstica. El tratamiento está basado en la psicoterapia, dirigida a mejorar la relación ulterior madre-hijo y puede prevenir actos de automutilación (AU)

Metrorrhagia during the third trimester of pregnancy, simulating placenta previa, may be a sign of the patient calling for help to the doctor. This clinical situation is one where the woman mimics an illness, in order to play the role of sick patient. The risk is that this may lead to unnecessary surgical procedures, in this case caesarean section. The main difficulty in caring for these patients is to make the diagnosis. Treatment is based on psychotherapy, which can contribute to an improved mother-infant relationship and perhaps prevent acts of self-mutilation (AU)