RESUMO
Our study investigated the underlying mechanism for the 14q24 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) susceptibility risk locus identified by a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The sentinel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs4903064, at 14q24 confers an allele-specific effect on expression of the double PHD fingers 3 (DPF3) of the BAF SWI/SNF complex as assessed by massively parallel reporter assay, confirmatory luciferase assays, and eQTL analyses. Overexpression of DPF3 in renal cell lines increases growth rates and alters chromatin accessibility and gene expression, leading to inhibition of apoptosis and activation of oncogenic pathways. siRNA interference of multiple DPF3-deregulated genes reduces growth. Our results indicate that germline variation in DPF3, a component of the BAF complex, part of the SWI/SNF complexes, can lead to reduced apoptosis and activation of the STAT3 pathway, both critical in RCC carcinogenesis. In addition, we show that altered DPF3 expression in the 14q24 RCC locus could influence the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatment for RCC by regulating tumor cytokine secretion and immune cell activation.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 14 , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Loci Gênicos , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Carcinogênese/genética , Carcinogênese/imunologia , Carcinogênese/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/terapia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatina/química , Cromatina/imunologia , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina/imunologia , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genoma Humano , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Renais/imunologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/terapia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos , Fatores de Transcrição/imunologiaRESUMO
Differentiation of epithelial cells is required to define tissue architecture and appropriate function of these cells is associated with a specific pattern of gene expression. DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and chromatin remodeling are nuclear mechanisms implicated in epigenetic control of gene expression. All factors relevant to tissue differentiation, including cell adhesion and shape, extracellular stimuli and transcriptional control, modulate gene expression and, thus, some of them are likely to impact on nuclear mechanisms of epigenetic control. The epithelial cells of salivary glands from Sjögren's syndrome patients display alterations in cell adhesion and shape. In this review, we summarize how these alterations are thought to lead to chromatin remodeling and, in doing so, bring about changes in transcriptional patterns. Additionally, we discuss how mechanotransduction in cells with impaired structural organization is implicated in modifying gene expression in these patients.