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Ouvir música traz diversos benefícios à nossa saúde, não é mesmo? Mas você sabia que os sons também podem ajudar em tratamentos clínicos?

The Effects of Music Intervention on Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Fatigue Among Patients With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of music intervention on quality of life, anxiety, and fatigue among patients with breast cancer. SAMPLE & SETTING: 170 individuals from the general surgery unit of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. METHODS & VARIABLES: Individuals who had received a mastectomy were randomly assigned to a treatment group or control group. In the treatment group, participants received music intervention for an hour each week, totaling 12 hours during 12 consecutive weeks. The primary variable was quality of life, and secondary variables were anxiety and fatigue. RESULTS: Greater quality of life was seen in the treatment group at 12 weeks. In the treatment group, participants showed significant improvement in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (trait), which was most significant at eight weeks. No statistically significant difference was observed in fatigue levels after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of music intervention. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Music intervention may improve anxiety and quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Music intervention could be established following mastectomy and continued throughout recovery.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions in the Management of Dementia-Related Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: As populations age globally, there is an increasing prevalence of dementia, with an estimated 153 million living with dementia by 2050. Up to 70% of people with dementia experience dementia-related psychosis (D-RP). Antipsychotic medications are associated with many adverse effects in older people. This review aims to evaluate the evidence of non-pharmacological interventions in managing D-RP. METHOD: The search of Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane included randomised controlled trials that evaluated non-pharmacological interventions. Data extraction and assessment of quality were assessed independently by two researchers. Heterogenous interventions were pooled using meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 18 articles (n = 2040 participants) were included and categorised into: sensory-, activity-, cognitive- and multi-component-orientated. Meta-analyses showed no significant impact in reducing hallucinations or delusions but person-centred care, cognitive rehabilitation, music therapy, and robot pets showed promise in single studies. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Future interventions should be developed and evaluated with a specific focus on D-RP as this was not the aim for many of the included articles.

Music Therapy and Music Intervention for NSCLC Patients Undergoing PET with Fear of Cancer Recurrence.

Background: Cancer and psychiatric symptoms are associated. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the most common psychological problem for cancer survivors. Pharmacological interventions can help, but also have major drawbacks. Music therapy and music interventions have been shown to be a safe and practical complementary treatment. Objective: This randomized, controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of music therapy and music intervention in attenuating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients' anxiety related to FCR. Methods: NSCLC patients with FCR were randomly allocated to a music therapy and intervention group (G1) and Control group (G2). Patients' anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores and heart rates. Primary outcome measure were PET scans. Secondary measures were salivary cortisol, salivary α-amylase levels and heart rate. Findings: Patients in G1 showed higher glucose metabolism of 18F-FDG in the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, superior temporal gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus, compared to those in G2 (all P < .001). Heart rates and salivary α-amylase area under the curve (AUC) and relative variation (VAR) in G1 were significantly lower than those in G2 (all P < .05). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores and cortisol AUC in G1 were significantly lower than those in G2 (all P < .05). Conclusions: Music therapy and interventions can reduce anxiety and endocrinological responses and change glucose metabolism of 18F-FDG in fear-related brain regions.Trial registration: Registered retrospectively, ISRCTN Registry, www.isrctn.com, ISRCTN23276302Clinical Implications: Cancer treatment centers and physical examination centers should consider providing music therapy and intervention to the appropriate patients as a routine component of a comprehensive clinical care during medical examinations.

A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture and receptive music therapy for sleep disorders in the elderly-ELAMUS: study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Globally, the demographic shift towards an aging population leads to significant challenges in healthcare systems, specifically due to an increasing incidence of multimorbidity resulting in polypharmacy among the elderly. Simultaneously, sleep disorders are a common complaint for elderly people. A treatment with pharmacological therapies often leads to side effects causing a high potential for dependency. Within this context, there is a high need to explore non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture and music therapy, both individually and combined as a multimodal therapy, in the treatment of sleep disorders in individuals aged 70 years and older. METHODS: We conduct a confirmatory randomized controlled trial using a two-factorial study design. A total of n = 100 elderly people receive evidence-based standard care information for age-related sleep disorders. Beyond that, patients are randomly assigned into four groups of n = 25 each to receive acupuncture, receptive music therapy with a monochord, multimodal therapy with both acupuncture and music therapy, or no further therapy. The study's primary outcome measurement is the improvement in sleep quality as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (global score), at the end of intervention. Additionally, depression scores (Geriatric Depression Scale), health-related quality of life (Short-Form-Health Survey-12), neurovegetative activity measured via heart rate variability, and safety data are collected as secondary outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach, a qualitative process evaluation will be conducted to complement the quantitative data. DISCUSSION: The study is ongoing and the last patient in is expected to be enrolled in April 2024. The results can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disorders among the elderly, contributing to a more personalized and holistic approach in geriatric healthcare. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00031886).

Scientific Music Therapy Technologies in Mental Health Improving and Rehabilitation of Patients After Coronavirus Disease.

This article is devoted to the prospects of the Scientific Music Therapy (SMT) technologies utilized in mental health improving and rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19. Clinically detected that an expanded portion of patients have respiratory lacking and different symptoms of mental disorders, including stress, anxiety, depression, etc. The reason to present the SMT basics and technologies is their critical accomplishments in the optimizing the work of the nervous system and vital organs, also online, which is exceptionally real in pandemics. The article moreover presents the data of a clinical study about the utilized SMT innovations within the recovery of patients after COVID. That experience will be useful to improve the efficiency of the rehabilitation efforts of medical staff and psychologists.

Effect of music on hemodynamic fluctuations in women during induction of general anesthesia: A prospective randomized controlled multicenter trial.

BACKGROUND: The authors aim to investigate the effect of music on hemodynamic fluctuations during induction of general anesthesia and reducing preoperative anxiety for women who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery. METHODS: It is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either a Music Intervention group (MI) or a Control group (Control). The MI participants listened to their preferred music for more than 30 minutes in the waiting area. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to measure anxiety levels in the groups, and hemodynamic parameters (Heart Rate [HR], Mean Arterial Pressure [MAP]) were continuously recorded before induction (T0), at loss of consciousness (T1), immediately before intubation (T2), and after intubation (T3). Intubation-related adverse events were also recorded. The primary outcome was the incidence of MAP changes more than 20 % above baseline during T0-T2. RESULTS: A total of 164 patients were included in the final analyses. The incidence of MAP instability during T0-T2 was lower in the MI, and the 95 % Confidence Interval for the rate difference demonstrated the superiority of MI. HR instability was less frequent in MI participants both in T0-T2 and T2-T3. The overall incidence of preoperative anxiety was 53.7 % (88/164). After the music intervention, the mean score of STAI was significantly lower in the MI than in the Control, with a between-group difference of 8.01. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative music intervention effectively prevented hemodynamic instability during anesthesia induction and significantly reduced preoperative anxiety in women undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery.

Effects of a veterinary functional music-based enrichment program on the psychophysiological responses of farm pigs.

Intensification of swine production can predispose pigs to chronic stress, with adverse effects on the neuroendocrine and immune systems that can lead to health problems, poor welfare, and reduced production performance. Consequently, there is an interest in developing tools to prevent or eliminate chronic stress. Music is widely used as a therapeutic strategy for stress management in humans and may have similar benefits in non-human animals. This study evaluated the effects of a music-based auditory enrichment program in pigs from a multidimensional perspective by assessing psychophysiological responses. Two experimental groups of 20 pigs each were selected for the study: one enriched, exposed to a program of functional veterinary music designed for pigs, and a control group without auditory stimulation. Qualitative behavior assessment (QBA) and skin lesions indicative of agonistic behavior were used to evaluate the psychological determinants underlying the observed behaviors. Physiological assessment included hemograms, with the determination of the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and daily measurements of cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase levels. The results demonstrated a positive effect of a music-based auditory program on psychophysiological responses. Therefore, this strategy developed for environmental enrichment may be beneficial in reducing stress and contributing to the welfare and health of pigs under production conditions.

Exploring the Efficacy of Group Music and Game Therapy on the Well-Being of Institutionalized Elderly.

This study aims to explore the efficacy of group music and game therapy in enhancing the well-being of the institutionalised elderly. The implementation of group music and game therapy have significantly improved the well-being of the participating elderly residents in Long-Term Care Facilities. These participants demonstrated increased engagement and achieved interpersonal interaction objectives during the sessions.

A Remotely Delivered, Personalized Music Therapy Pilot Intervention for Lonely Older Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: This study investigated a remotely delivered, therapist-facilitated, personalized music listening intervention for community-dwelling older adults experiencing loneliness during the Covid-19 pandemic. We assessed its feasibility and individuals' experiences of social connection and emotional well-being during the intervention. Methods: Ten cognitively unimpaired older adults who endorsed loneliness completed eight weekly sessions with a board-certified music therapist via Zoom. Participants were guided in developing two online personalized music playlists and were asked to listen to playlists for at least one hour daily. Feasibility metrics were attendance, accessibility, and compliance rates. Post-study interview responses were analyzed using a rapid qualitative methodology. Exploratory pre- and post-study measures of loneliness and other aspects of psychological well-being were obtained using validated questionnaires. Results: Ten participants (mean age 75.38 [65 to 85] years, 80% women) were enrolled from March to August 2021. Attendance and compliance rates were 100% and the accessibility rate was 90%. Most participants associated music with positive memories before the program and many reported that the intervention prompted them to reconnect with music or listen to music with greater intention. They cited increased connection from interacting with the music therapist and the music itself, as well as specific positive emotional impacts from integrating music into their daily lives. Median pre- to post-questionnaire measures of psychological function all changed in an improved direction. Discussion: Remotely delivered music therapy may be a promising intervention to promote regular music listening and socioemotional well-being in lonely older adults.

Effects of broadband music and audible band music on relaxation states and cognitive function in young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Although broadband music with inaudible high-frequency components may benefit human well-being, this research area is largely unexplored and lacks sufficient studies on the topic. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of broadband and audible band music on relaxation states and cognitive function in young adults. METHODS: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in a professional soundproof laboratory from December 22, 2022, to January 18, 2023 with 32 participants randomly assigned to two groups, "Day 1 broadband + Day 2 audible band" (n = 16) and "Day 1 audible band + Day 2 broadband" (n = 16), listening to either broadband or audible band music (the same music piece played on the piano and harp) for two sessions of 15 min each on two consecutive days. Cognitive function was measured using CNS Vital Signs at pre-listening, after the 1st session, and after the 2nd session, while heart rate was monitored throughout the experiment. Visual Analog Scale was also administered for self-reported arousal, stress, thinking ability, and attention following each listening session. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in heart rate, cognitive flexibility, and executive function between the broadband listening group and the audible band-listening group (p > 0.05). However, the broadband group exhibited significant differences in mean heart rate at several time points, as well as a significant improvement in VAS stress level during the 2nd listening session compared to the 1st (p < 0.05). On the other hand, significant improvements in cognitive flexibility and executive function were observed in the audible band group across different time points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Comparative analysis showed that broadband and audible band music influenced cognitive function differently. Short-term audible band music listening significantly improved cognitive flexibility and executive function, while short-term broadband music listening significantly reduced reaction time in cognitive tests. Additionally, broadband music consistently resulted in lower mean heart rates compared to audible band music at all time points, suggesting that it may be more effective in promoting relaxation and reducing stress, although these differences were not statistically significant. Since the cognitive enhancing effects of broadband music may be counteracted by the drowsy effect of the selected relaxing music, using different types of music may be necessary to confirm its effects in future studies.

Day-to-day variability of stress biomarkers during a music intervention in people living with dementia and their family caregivers.

Examination of the variability of stress biomarkers among people living with dementia and their family caregivers can provide evidence of stress reactions and corresponding self-regulation capacities, but no such research has been conducted to date. The aim of this study was to examine day-to-day variability patterns of salivary biomarkers in dyads of people living with dementia and their family caregivers and to investigate differences in variability patterns between music intervention and control groups. This study involved secondary analysis of data collected during a two-group, non-randomized open trial examining the effects of an 8-week music intervention on physiological stress markers. A total of 5791 salivary samples from 34 dyads were used to analyze the variability of morning and evening cortisol and of morning dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). The variability indices employed were the intra- and inter-individual standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and intra-class correlation coefficient. We found that family caregivers in the music intervention group had significantly greater coefficients of variation for all three biomarker endpoints than those in the control group. Our findings provide evidence that stress biomarkers in family caregivers with functional self-regulation capacities may be more likely to respond to music intervention. However, stress biomarkers in people living with dementia may not be responsive to music intervention, possibly due to their dysfunctional self-regulation capacities. Future stress biomarker studies involving dyads of people living with dementia and family caregivers should consider biomarker variability patterns in determining the effectiveness of behavioral interventions.

Emotion brain network topology in healthy subjects following passive listening to different auditory stimuli.

A large body of research establishes the efficacy of musical intervention in many aspects of physical, cognitive, communication, social, and emotional rehabilitation. However, the underlying neural mechanisms for musical therapy remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential neural correlates of musical therapy, focusing on the changes in the topology of emotion brain network. To this end, a Bayesian statistical approach and a cross-over experimental design were employed together with two resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) as controls. MEG recordings of 30 healthy subjects were acquired while listening to five auditory stimuli in random order. Two resting-state MEG recordings of each subject were obtained, one prior to the first stimulus (pre) and one after the final stimulus (post). Time series at the level of brain regions were estimated using depth-weighted minimum norm estimation (wMNE) source reconstruction method and the functional connectivity between these regions were computed. The resultant connectivity matrices were used to derive two topological network measures: transitivity and global efficiency which are important in gauging the functional segregation and integration of brain network respectively. The differences in these measures between pre- and post-stimuli resting MEG were set as the equivalence regions. We found that the network measures under all auditory stimuli were equivalent to the resting state network measures in all frequency bands, indicating that the topology of the functional brain network associated with emotional regulation in healthy subjects remains unchanged following these auditory stimuli. This suggests that changes in the emotion network topology may not be the underlying neural mechanism of musical therapy. Nonetheless, further studies are required to explore the neural mechanisms of musical interventions especially in the populations with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Effect of music therapy combined with aerobic exercise on sleep quality among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: We aimed to study the effect of music therapy combined with aerobic exercise on the sleep quality of patients undergoing chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, from July 2017 to June 2019. 110 female breast cancer patients who underwent a radical mastectomy were recruited and randomly allocated into an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group completed music therapy combined with aerobic exercise from the first to the sixth admission to the hospital for chemotherapy, while the control group received only routine nursing care. The sleep quality of these patients was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A linear mixed model was used to adjust the PSQI of patients after controlling for other confounding factors. RESULTS: The mean sleep quality score of the breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy (baseline) was 8.86 ± 2.34. The intervention group had a significantly lower mean global PSQI score than the control group from the first test to the third test, with an adjusted mean difference of -1.05 (95%CI: -1.86, -0.24; P = 0.01), -2.89 (95%CI: -3.70, -2.08; P < 0.001) and - 4.84 (95%CI: -5.65, -4.03; P < 0.001), respectively. A change in the global PSQI score from baseline for the intervention group was from 0.55 (95%CI: -0.24, 1.34; P = 0.171) at the first test to 2.75 (95%CI: 1.96, 3.53; P < 0.001) at the last test, and for the control group was from - 0.51 (95%CI: -1.31, 0.29; P = 0.213 at the first test to -2.10 (95%CI: -2.91, -1.30; P < 0.001) at the last test. CONCLUSIONS: An intervention of music therapy combined with aerobic exercise can significantly improve the sleep quality of female breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy, and this intervention continuously improves many aspects of sleep reactivity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100042975, 02/02/2021).

Technology-Based Music Interventions to Reduce Anxiety and Pain Among Patients Undergoing Surgery or Procedures: Systematic Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized patients undergoing surgery or procedures may experience negative symptoms. Music is a nonpharmacological complementary approach and is used as an intervention to reduce anxiety, stress, and pain in these patients. Recently, music has been used conveniently in clinical situations with technology devices, and the mode of providing music is an important factor in technology-based music interventions. However, many reviews have focused only on the effectiveness of music interventions. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of technology-based music interventions for reducing anxiety and pain among patients undergoing surgery or procedures. We examined the clinical situation, devices used, delivery methods, and effectiveness of technology-based music interventions in primary articles. METHODS: The search was performed in the following 5 electronic databases: PubMed, MEDLINE (OvidSP), CINAHL complete, PSYCINFO, and Embase. This systematic review focused on technology-based music interventions. The following articles were included: (1) RCTs, (2) studies using interactive technology (eg, smartphones, mHealth, tablets, applications, and virtual reality), (3) empirical studies reporting pain and anxiety outcomes, and (4) English articles published from 2018 to 2023 (as of January 18, 2023). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2. RESULTS: Among 292 studies identified, 21 met the inclusion criteria and were included. Of these studies, 9 reported that anxiety scores decreased after music interventions and 7 reported that pain could be decreased before, during, and after procedures. The methodology of the music intervention was important to the results on anxiety and pain in the clinical trials. More than 50% (13/21, 62%) of the studies included in this review allowed participants to select themes themselves. However, it was difficult to distinguish differences in effects depending on the device or software used for the music interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Technology-based music interventions could help reduce anxiety and pain among patients undergoing surgery or procedures. The findings of this review could help medical teams to choose a practical methodology for music interventions. Future studies should examine the effects of advanced technology-based music interventions using smart devices and software that promote interactions between medical staff and patients.

Effect of music therapy on anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.

To systematically evaluate the intervention effect of music therapy on anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients. Randomised controlled trial (RCT) on music therapy for anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients was searched from 7 major databases, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, WOS, CNIC, Wanfang, and Wipro, spanning the period of library construction to 23 October 2023, and the literature screening of music therapy for anxiety or depression in breast cancer patients was carried out by 2 experimentalists, each of whom conducted a literature screening RCT independently of the other anxiety or depression in a RCT. Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale; GRADE profiler software for quality of evidence; and RevMan 5.4 was used for effect size merging and forest plots; publication bias tests and sensitivity analyses were performed using Stata 17.0; and standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were used as the effect statistics. A total of 13 RCTs with 1326 subjects (aged 18-70 years) were included in the literature, with a mean PEDro score of 6.8, and the literature was overall of good methodological quality. Meta-analysis showed that music therapy improved anxiety in breast cancer patients (841 cases), with a combined effect size (SMD = - 0.82, 95% CI [- 1.03, - 0.61] and P < 0.001); and improved depression in breast cancer patients (387 cases) with a combined effect size (SMD = - 0.76, 95% CI [- 1.15, - 0.38], P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that music intervention with off-site music (757 cases) and music choice of non-self-selected music (537 cases) had the best effect on anxiety improvement, with corresponding combined effect sizes (SMD = - 0.88, P < 0.001; SMD = - 0.83, P < 0.001), respectively; followed by an intervention length of < 30 min (589 cases), a frequency of 2 times/day (382 cases), and intervention period of 2-3 weeks (101 cases) had the best effect on anxiety improvement, and the corresponding combined effect sizes were (SMD = - 0.80, P < 0.001; SMD = - 0.91, P < 0.001; SMD = - 1.02, P < 0.001), respectively; and the music selection was the choice of one's own favourite music among the expert recommendations (219 cases) (270 cases) had the best effect on the improvement of depressed mood, with combined effect sizes of (SMD = - 1.15, P < 0.001; SMD = - 0.71, P < 0.001) and music with an intervention duration of 30 min (287 cases), an intervention frequency of 1 time/day (348 cases), and an intervention period of 2-4 weeks (120 cases), respectively, with corresponding combined effect sizes of (SMD = - 0.75, P < 0.001; SMD = - 0.86, P < 0.001; SMD = - 1.06, P < 0.001), respectively. Music therapy can improve anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients, and the level of evidence is moderate. Although the heterogeneity between studies is high, which may lead to bias in the results, we explored the source of heterogeneity through subgroup and sensitivity analyses, providing a good evidence-based basis for clinical practice. The heterogeneity of anxiety and depression was explored by subgroup analysis, with anxiety due to music duration and music cycle; and depression due to intervention cycles and music duration. Sensitivity analyses also identified music duration and music cycle as contributing to the heterogeneity. Also, this study has some limitations since the included literature did not take into account the duration of the disease, education, and family economic status and did not categorize the age stages. This study found that music therapy improves anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients and the results can be used as a basis for clinical practice and researcher enquiry. This research has been registered on the INPLASY platform ( https://inplasy.com/contact/ ) under the number: INPLASY2023100057.

Patient-Led Research to Develop a Training Programme for Restoring Musical Joy in Cochlear Implant Recipients: A Reflexive Process Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The role of patients in healthcare research is slowly evolving, although patient roles in the research process are limited. This paper reports on a patient-led research project aiming to develop a musical hearing training programme for patients with a cochlear implant (CI): the Musi-CI programme. A CI is an inner ear prosthesis that allows people with severe hearing loss to hear. However, while speech can be understood, CI users cannot fully enjoy music or feel aversion to it. The Musi-CI programme aims to reduce this music aversion to ultimately improve music enjoyment and social participation. The development of the Musi-CI programme was supported by a consortium of professionals in CI rehabilitation and research. The aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate the Musi-CI programme development process and its impact on professional CI rehabilitation and research. METHODS: Programme development was described using a 3-layered process model of action research, distinguishing the CI user process, the healthcare professional process and the research process. To evaluate perceptions on the programme development process, consortium partners provided written comments and participated in a reflexive evaluation session that was video-recorded. Reflexive evaluation aims for collective learning and strengthening collaboration among participants. Written comments and video data were analysed using template analysis. RESULTS: The involvement of an expert by experience was perceived as challenging but rewarding for all consortium partners, opening up new perspectives on CI-rehabilitation practice and research. Data analysis revealed two themes on the programme development process, professional space and acknowledgement, and two themes on the outcomes on CI rehabilitation and research: critical reflection and paradigm shift. CONCLUSION: Experts by experience represent a different knowledge domain that may contribute to change in rehabilitation and research. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The development of the programme was initiated by a professional musician and CI user who organized the funding, had a leading role throughout the research process, including the write-up of the results, and co-authored this paper.