RESUMO
Seven weeks after being kicked in the face by a cow, a 34-year-old male patient developed a posttraumatic mycobacterial lymphadenitis. A rapidly growing mycobacterial isolate cultured from a surgically drained lymphadenitis pus specimen was identified as Mycobacterium smegmatis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and a combination of ITS-, hsp65-, and 16S rRNA-DNA sequence analysis, but as Mycobacterium fortuitum complex using the commercial INNO-LiPA Mycobacteria v2 line probe assay. As it is unclear if the misidentification of this strain is an exception, more research is required.
Assuntos
Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Mycobacterium smegmatis/classificação , Mycobacterium smegmatis/genética , Adulto , Animais , Bovinos , Erros de Diagnóstico , Humanos , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Linfadenite/patologia , Linfadenite/terapia , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/normas , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/cirurgia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/química , Mycobacterium smegmatis/química , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Although Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) is not an organism rarely isolated from respiratory samples, its clinical importance is still not fully understood, which therefore prompted our current study. METHODOLOGY: We evaluated respiratory samples from 6800 patients with suspected tuberculosis from May 2014 to May 2016, for the detection of M. fortuitum using phenotypic and genotyping methods.Results/Key findings. Of the 40 patients with M. fortuitum lung disease, 35 had two or more positive culture results. The mean age of these 35 patients was 50.7±18.4 years, and 20 (57.1â%) were men. Sputum (68.6â%), haemoptysis (51.4â%), cough (45.7â%) and gastroesophageal disease (22.9â%) were the major presenting symptoms. Cystic fibrosis, other bacterial lung diseases and lung cancer were the main underlying pulmonary diseases. Five patients (12.5â%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. The most common chest X-ray findings were reticulonodular opacities (53.3â%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that cigarette smoking history (OR 0.334, 95 % CI 0.125-0.843, P=0.048) and underlying lung disease (OR 0.393, 95 % CI 0.216-0.588, P=0.023) were significant predictors for positive M. fortuitum infection. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated the high frequency of M. fortuitum in respiratory samples and that this bacterium causes transient infection or colonization in patients with underlying pulmonary conditions, such as cystic fibrosis and cigarette smoking-induced. Additionally, it appears that infection with M. fortuitum is particularly common and may be important in patients with HIV.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Escarro/microbiologia , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/administração & dosagem , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/tratamento farmacológico , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Diálise Peritoneal , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and clinical relevance of rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) isolates in a tuberculosis referral center in Beijing, China. METHODS: All isolates were identified by using targeted gene sequencing. RESULTS of species identification for 228 nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) isolates from respiratory samples were analyzed, and available medical files of patients from whom NTM were isolated were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnostic criteria for RGM pulmonary disease issued by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) were used to determine clinical relevance. RESULTS: Isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus (M.abscessus) and Mycobacterium fortuitum (M.fortuitum) accounted for 28.9% (66 isolates) and 8.8% (20 isolates)of NTM isolates, respectively. Sixty-six M. abscessus isolates from 32 patients had evaluable medical files, including 28 cases diagnosed as definite M. abscessus lung disease, and 4 as probable M. abscessus lung disease. Eight M. fortuitum isolates from 8 cases had evaluable medical files, and all of them were diagnosed as unlikely lung disease. Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) was more effective to diagnose M. abscessus lung disease, as compared with Lowestein-Jensen medium (23/24 vs 18/28). CONCLUSIONS: RGM is a common NTM in our institute. M. abscessus is mostly associated with RGM lung disease, but M. fortuitum is not.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Pequim , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Humanos , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/classificação , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have emerged as important pathogens in clinical settings, associated with esthetic procedures and postsurgical infections, pulmonary infections among cystic fibrosis patients, and other structural pulmonary diseases. Microorganisms belonging to Mycobacterium abscessus-Mycobacterium chelonae and to Mycobacterium fortuitum groups have frequently been associated with outbreaks and various epidemics. In the present study, RGM strains were characterized in order to investigate molecular markers based on proteomic analysis. METHODS: Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) was used for species identification and clonal analysis of RGM recovered from postsurgical wound infections during an epidemic. The study included 30M. abscessus subsp. bolletii clinical isolates, most belonging to the BRA100 clone (epidemic in Rio de Janeiro city), as well as 16 RGM ATCC reference strains. RESULTS: Molecular typing allowed the detection of diversity in the studied population and revealed species-specific isoenzymatic patterns. Additionally, the clonal relationship among M. abscessus subsp. bolletii outbreak isolates, as examined using MLEE, was markedly consistent. CONCLUSIONS: Isoenzymatic characterization was found to be a useful molecular tool to identify RGM species and to determine the relatedness among closely related M. abscessus subsp. bolletii isolates. This may be considered a powerful approach for epidemiological studies on RGM.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Mycobacterium chelonae/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Proteômica/métodos , Eletroforese , Feminino , Humanos , Isoenzimas/análise , Tipagem Molecular , Mycobacterium chelonae/enzimologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/enzimologiaRESUMO
A 14-year-old male child presented with high grade intermittent fever with altered sensorium since 5-6 days and generalised seizures. On examination neck stiffness noticed with normal haemogram and chest X-ray. CSF microscopy was normal and no growth seen in aerobic culture. CT scan showed loculated lesion. Drained pus showed acid fast organism and culture on Lowestein Jensen medium showed pale-coloured growth on 3 rd day. Organism identified as Mycobacterium fortuitum by biochemical test. Interesting aspect of this case was there is no history of trauma or injection and patient was negative for HIV antibody.
Assuntos
Empiema Subdural/diagnóstico , Empiema Subdural/patologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Empiema Subdural/microbiologia , Cabeça/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are potentially pathogenic agents commonly found in natural ecosystems, while food is considered to be another source of NTM for humans. We investigated a total of 92 tissue samples of freshwater fish and fish products: fish directly obtained from ponds (n=25), retail fresh (n=23) and frozen fish (n=23) and smoked fish products (n=21). Culture examination for the presence of mycobacteria was positive in 11 (11.9%) from all the examined samples. The 15 obtained isolates were identified as Mycobacterium fortuitum (n=5), M. immunogenum (n=2), M. phocaicum/ mucogenicum (n=1), M. neoaurum (n=2), M. peregrinum (n=2), M. porcinum (n=1) and M. senegalense/houstonense/conceptionense (n=2). NTM DNA was found in one (4.0%) sample of fresh fish from ponds and in 60.9% and 91.3% of retail fresh and frozen fish, respectively. None of the smoked fish products contained NTM DNA. The results of our study suggest that freshwater fish and fish products, especially retail frozen fish, might be a reservoir of NTM for humans, and proper handling and treatment before consumption of such products is recommended.
Assuntos
Produtos Pesqueiros/microbiologia , Peixes/microbiologia , Alimentos Congelados/microbiologia , Mycobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Alimentos Marinhos/microbiologia , Animais , República Tcheca , DNA/análise , DNA/metabolismo , Reservatórios de Doenças , Produtos Pesqueiros/análise , Produtos Pesqueiros/economia , Peixes/metabolismo , Alimentos em Conserva/análise , Alimentos em Conserva/economia , Alimentos em Conserva/microbiologia , Água Doce , Alimentos Congelados/análise , Alimentos Congelados/economia , Humanos , Tipagem Molecular , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium/metabolismo , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/metabolismo , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Alimentos Marinhos/economiaRESUMO
Mycobacteriosis is a progressive disease of a wide range of wild and captive, marine and freshwater fish species. Conventional detection of fish Mycobacteria is based on histopathology, culture, and biochemical characteristics. The present study analyzed the occurrence of Mycobacteria in clinically ill ornamental fish of different species, from different places of India. In first group, 60 fish were examined for presence of granulomatous inflammation and acid-fast bacteria. Thirty-eight (63.34 %) fish were positive for granulomatous inflammations. Presences of acid-fast bacteria were detected in 27 (45 %) fish having granulomatous inflammation and in two (3.33 %) fish without granulomatous inflammation. In total, AFB were found in 29 (48.34 %) of the 60 fish examined. In second group, 20 fish having granulomatous inflammation, 12 (60 %) samples were positive using Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining and 11 (55 %) of them were culture positive. Eight (40 %) samples were Z-N negative but two (10 %) of them were culture positive. In total, 13 (65 %) of the 20 examined fish were culture positive. On the basis of biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing, 13 isolates were identified: five as Mycobacterium fortuitum, five as Mycobacterium gordonae, and three as Mycobacterium chelonae. In comparison of two decontamination methods, 2 % HCl treatment was better than 4 % NaOH treatment. Mycobacteria recovery from decontaminated samples was significantly high on Lowenstein-Jensen medium compared to Middlebrook 7H11 agar and Stonebrink (SB) media. The disease is transmissible from fish to fish and also from fish to human, so the significance of Mycobacteria in ornamental fish should not be overlooked.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Peixes/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/veterinária , Mycobacterium chelonae/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Histocitoquímica , Índia , Microscopia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/patologia , Mycobacterium chelonae/classificação , Mycobacterium chelonae/genética , Mycobacterium chelonae/fisiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Mycobacterium fortuitum/fisiologia , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/classificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/genética , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/fisiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNAAssuntos
Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Macrolídeos/efeitos adversos , Mycobacterium fortuitum/imunologia , Administração Oral , Amicacina/uso terapêutico , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Criança , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Claritromicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Macrolídeos/uso terapêutico , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Testes Cutâneos , Urticária/etiologiaRESUMO
Mycobacterium fortuitum is a member of the rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). It is ubiquitous in water and soil habitats, including hospital environments. M. fortuitum is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen causing disseminated infection. Here we report the genome sequence of M. fortuitum subsp. fortuitum type strain DSM46621.
Assuntos
Genoma Bacteriano , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Dados de Sequência MolecularAssuntos
Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Erros de Diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Corynebacterium/classificação , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNAAssuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Pele/patologia , Tuberculose Cutânea/patologia , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Masculino , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/imunologia , Pele/microbiologia , Tuberculose Cutânea/imunologiaAssuntos
Ar Condicionado , Amoeba/microbiologia , Água Doce , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/classificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificação , Amoeba/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Amoeba/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Técnicas de Cocultura , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Água Doce/microbiologia , Água Doce/parasitologia , Mycobacterium chelonae/classificação , Mycobacterium chelonae/genética , Mycobacterium chelonae/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/genética , Paris , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Mycobacterium peregrinum is a species included in the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex, a member of the group of rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (RGM). Only a few cases of infection with M. peregrinum have been reported, and no relevant review has been published. METHODS: Following the treatment of a patient with M. peregrinum infection after plastic surgery, we undertook a review of the literature of previously reported cases of M. peregrinum infection. RESULTS: Ten previously reported cases were identified. Like other cases of the M. fortuitum complex infections, the majority of M. peregrinum infections were related to surgical site infections and catheter-related infections. In the literature, most of the antibiotic regimens were based on a combination of quinolones with various antibiotics, and the duration of treatment ranged from 6 weeks to 4 months. CONCLUSION: The fact that the optimal treatment for M. peregrinum infection has not yet been established has resulted in the use of a diverse range of therapies. It is important that clinicians carefully review each case so that a more appropriate treatment for M. peregrinum infections can be determined.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/diagnósticoRESUMO
Mycobacterium fortuitum, as well as Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium chelonae, are the etiological agents of fish Mycobacterioses. Mycobacteriosis has been reported to affect a wide range of freshwater and marine fish species, suggesting an ubiquitous distribution, and can cause zoonotic infections (known as "fish tank granuloma" or "swimming pool granuloma") in humans exposed to fish and contaminated water. Infection in human consists of nodular cutaneous lesions that can progress to tenosynovitis, arthritis, and osteomyelitis, depending on the immunological status. Authors describe some cases observed during routinary diagnostic activity in aquarium fish. Fish were sampled and histopathological, microbiological, and biomolecular exams were carried out. Histopathology showed systemic granulomatosis. Microbiological and biomolecular exams allowed us to identify the M. fortuitum as a main species. Finally, some considerations on the legal aspects of such disease are discussed.
Assuntos
Aquicultura/legislação & jurisprudência , Doenças dos Peixes/diagnóstico , Granuloma/veterinária , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/veterinária , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Zoonoses/microbiologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , União Europeia , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Carpa Dourada/microbiologia , Granuloma/diagnóstico , Granuloma/microbiologia , Granuloma/patologia , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Peixe-Zebra/microbiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: We describe postoperative endophthalmitis caused by rapid-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (RGNTM) in 3 patients after small-incision cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation performed elsewhere and referred to us for management. Subsequent identification and confirmation was carried out with biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The corneal scraping and eviscerated material of the first patient, the corneal button and the IOL of the second patient, and the corneal scraping of the third patient were processed for routine bacteriologic studies including acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by smear (excepting the IOL) and culture. Subsequent identification of the RGNTM was carried out by using biochemical tests and PCR-RFLP by using primers targeting the heat shock protein 65 region of mycobacteria. RESULTS: AFB smear was positive in all 3 patients. The corneal scraping of the first patient, the corneal button and IOL of the second patient, and the corneal scraping of the third patient were culture positive for RGNTM and were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus in the first and second patients and M. fortuitum sorbitol-positive third biovariant in the third patient. CONCLUSIONS: A clinical suspicion of infection by RGNTM in delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis should be considered when resistance to standard therapy is encountered.
Assuntos
Endoftalmite/microbiologia , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Idoso , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Extração de Catarata , Chaperonina 60 , Chaperoninas/genética , Córnea/microbiologia , Primers do DNA/química , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Implante de Lente Intraocular , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/genética , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificaçãoAssuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Impressões Digitais de DNA , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Erros de Diagnóstico , Humanos , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Manejo de EspécimesRESUMO
A nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacterium was isolated from wound liquid outflow, bone tissue biopsy, and excised skin tissue from a 31-year-old woman who suffered an accidental open right tibia fracture and prolonged stay in a river. The three isolates grew in 3 days at 24 to 37 degrees C. 16S rRNA sequence analyses over 1,483 bp showed that they were identical and shared 99.7% (4-bp difference) sequence similarity with that of Mycobacterium porcinum, the most closely related species. Partial rpoB (723 bp) sequence analyses showed that the isolates shared 97.0% sequence similarity with that of M. porcinum. Further polyphasic approaches, including biochemical tests, antimicrobial susceptibility analyses, and hsp65, sodA, and recA gene sequence analysis, as well as % G+C determination and cell wall fatty acid composition analysis supported the evidence that these isolates were representative of a new species. Phylogenetic analyses showed the close relationship with M. porcinum in the Mycobacterium fortuitum group. The isolates were susceptible to most antibiotics and exhibited evidence for penicillinase activity, in contrast to M. porcinum. We propose the name Mycobacterium conceptionense sp. nov. for this new species associated with posttraumatic osteitis. The type strain is D16(T) (equivalent to CIP 108544(T) and CCUG 50187(T)).
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Chaperoninas/genética , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Osteíte/microbiologia , Adulto , Chaperonina 60 , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/microbiologia , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/genética , Mycobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Filogenia , Coloração e Rotulagem , Tíbia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
The genus Mycobacterium includes many species that are commonly found in the environment (in soil and water or associated with plants and animals), as well as species that are responsible for two major human diseases, tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae). The distribution of environmental mycobacteria was investigated in the context of a long-term study of leprosy, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination, and the responses of individuals to various mycobacterial antigens in Karonga District, northern Malawi, where epidemiological studies had indicated previously that people may be exposed to different mycobacterial species in the northern and southern parts of the district. A total of 148 soil samples and 24 water samples were collected from various locations and examined to determine the presence of mycobacteria. The detection method involved semiselective culturing and acid-fast staining, following decontamination of samples to enrich mycobacteria and reduce the numbers of other microorganisms, or PCR with primers specific for the mycobacterial 16S rRNA gene, using DNA extracted directly from soil and water samples. Mycobacteria were detected in the majority of the samples, and subsequent sequence analysis of PCR products amplified directly from soil DNA indicated that most of the products were related to known environmental mycobacteria. For both methods the rates of recovery were consistently higher for dry season samples than for wet season samples. All isolates cultured from soil appeared to be strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum. This study revealed a complex pattern for the environmental mycobacterial flora but identified no clear differences between the northern and southern parts of Karonga District.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia do Solo , Microbiologia da Água , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Meios de Cultura , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Descontaminação/métodos , Malaui , Mycobacterium/genética , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Estações do AnoRESUMO
A cluster of cases of post-augmentation mammaplasty surgical site infections occurred between 2002 and 2004 in Campinas, in the southern region of Brazil. Rapidly growing mycobacteria were isolated from samples from 12 patients. Eleven isolates were identified as Mycobacterium fortuitum and one as Mycobacterium porcinum by PCR-restriction digestion of the hsp65 gene. These 12 isolates, plus six additional M. fortuitum isolates from non-related patients, were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and three PCR-based techniques: 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotyping; randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR; and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR. Four novel M. fortuitum allelic variants were identified by restriction analysis of the ITS fragment. One major cluster, comprising six M. fortuitum isolates, and a second cluster of two isolates, were identified by the four methods. RAPD-PCR and ITS genotyping were less discriminative than ERIC-PCR. ERIC-PCR was comparable to PFGE as a valuable complementary tool for investigation of this type of outbreak.