The effect of race/ethnicity on histological subtype distribution, stage at presentation and cancer specific survival in urethral cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of race/ethnicity on histological subtype, stage at presentation, and cancer specific mortality (CSM) in urethral cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Stratified analyses (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results [2004-2016]) tested the effect of race/ethnicity on histology and stage. Cumulative incidence-plots and multivariable competing-risks regression models (CRR), addressed CSM, after matching for TNM-stage, histology, age, and gender. RESULTS: Of 1,904 urethral cancer patients, 71% were Caucasian, 16% African American, 7% Hispanic and 5% other. African Americans were younger (66 years) than Caucasians (73 years) and Hispanics (74 years). In African Americans, adenocarcinoma (25%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 29%) were more frequent than in Caucasians (12% and 23%) or Hispanics (15% and 20%). African Americans with adenocarcinoma exhibited higher stage than other adenocarcinoma patients. In CRR, African Americans (35%) and Hispanics (29%) exhibited highest and second highest 3-year CSM, even after matching. After further multivariable adjustment of matched CRRs, CSM was higher in Hispanics (HR: 1.93, P= 0.03) and in African Americans (Hazard ratio 1.35, P= 0.07), relative to Caucasians. CONCLUSION: Race/ethnicity impacts important differences on urethral cancer patients. African American race/ethnicity predisposes to higher rate of SCC and adenocarcinoma. Moreover, African Americans are younger and present with higher stage at diagnoses. Finally, even after most detailed matching for stage, age, gender, and adjustment for treatment and systemic therapy and socioeconomic status, African Americans and Hispanics exhibit higher CSM than Caucasians.

A rare case of primary female urethral adenocarcinoma: Columnar type with colonic adenocarcinoma features.

Female urethral carcinoma is extremely rare and accounts for 0.02% of all women's cancers and <1% of cancers in the female genitourinary tract. Adenocarcinoma accounts for only 10% of urethral carcinomas in females. Due to their location, presentation is usually late and tumors are often missed on physical examination. As in this case, nonspecific symptoms in the early stages may delay the diagnosis in most patients. Herein, we present an extremely rare case of the columnar type of primary female urethral adenocarcinoma exhibiting colonic adenocarcinoma features which to the authors' best knowledge has not been reported to date. The present study emphasizes the importance of a careful clinical examination and also highlights the role of imaging studies, and biopsy in making an accurate preoperative diagnosis of this rare disease. The disease may have devastating sequelae due to local and metastatic involvement if not recognized and treated earlier.

Tumores de la uretra en el adulto / Urethra tumors in adult

Los tumores de uretra, benignos y malignos, en adultos de ambos sexos, son una entidad poco frecuente. La sintomatología, el exámen físico y los estudios complementarios nos permitirán realizar una orientación diagnóstica inicial, pero será la biopsia la que nos dé el diagnóstico definitivo que nos permitirá diferenciar entre un tumor benigno y el cáncer de uretra, cuyo concepto es primordial para la decisión terapéutica ulterior. En general, los tumores uretrales suelen tener una sintomatología común. Los benignos son candidatos para resección quirúrgica, siendo importante considerar aquellas entidades cuyo comportamiento es potencialmente neoplásico ya que deberán tener un seguimiento más estrecho. En cuanto al cáncer uretral hay que considerar que el pronóstico está determinado fundamentalmente por la ubicación anatómica, el tamaño y la profundidad invasora de la neoplasia siendo la histología de menor importancia en la respuesta terapéutica y en la sobrevida. El primer paso terapéutico es el control locorregional quirúrgico de la enfermedad con un margen libre de tumor de 2 cm, debiendo plantearse tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia y / o radioterapia en aquellos casos en los que no se pueda conseguir este margen. En casos seleccionados la radioterapia puede ser indicada en monoterapia con intención curativa.

Benign and malignant urethral tumors, in adults of both sexes, are a rare entity. Their symptoms, physical examination, and additional studies will allow us to perform an initial diagnostic approach, but it is the biopsy what will differentiate a benign tumor form cancer. In general, urethral tumors often have common symptoms. Benign tumors can usually be managed with surgical resection, but it is important to consider those entities whose behaviour is potentially neoplastic requiring a closer follow up. The prognosis of urethral cancer is determined mainly by the anatomical location, the size and depth of invasion of the tumor. Histology is of second importance in terms of therapeutic response and survival. The first step in treatment is surgical locoregional control of the disease with a tumor-free margin of 2 cm. Adjuvant chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy should be considered in those cases where this margin cannot be obtained. In selected cases, radiation therapy may be given as monotheraphy with curative intent.

Adenocarcinoma de uretra femenina: revisión de un caso clínico / Urethral adenocarcinoma in the female: case report

El cáncer de uretra es muy infrecuente siendo además la única neoplasia urológica con predilección por las mujeres, por lo que rara vez nos vemos enfrentados a un caso. Son en general de un mal pronóstico y existe escasa literatura al respecto por lo que su manejo es siempre un desafío. Presentamos un caso de carcinoma uretral de una paciente de edad media que lleva 5 años de seguimiento sin recaída.

The cancer of urethra is very infrequent being in addition the only(unique) neoplasia urológica with predilection for them mujeres, for what rarely we meet faced a case. They are in general of an evil forecast (prediction) and scanty literature exists in the matter for what his (her,your) managing is always a challenge. Let's sense before hand a case of carcinoma uretral of a patient of middle ages who goes 5 years of follow-up without relapse.

Linfoepitelioma de uretra: informe de un caso / Urethral lymphoepithelioma: report of a case

Los carcinomas que se asemejan en sus características histológicas a un linfoespitelioma nasofaríngeo se han identificado en glándulas salivales, timo, amigdalas, cérvix uterino y vejiga urinaria. Se informa un caso de carcinoma semejante a linfoepitelioma de uretra en una mujer de 72 años. En el estudio histopatológico se observó una neoplasia constuida por nódulos, islas y cordones de células con citoplasma eosinófilo amplio y núcleo vesicular con uno o dos nucleolos prominentes, que estaba en contacto con un infiltrado linfoide acentuado. Los estudios de inmunohistoquímica demostraron positividad para la citoqueratina de alto peso molecular en la porción epitelial y positividad para el CD45RO en el componente linfoide. El estudio de hibridación in situ para búsqueda del genoma del virus de Epstein-Barr fue negativo

Pathology of canine bladder and urethral cancer and correlation with tumour progression and survival.

Biopsy and necropsy specimens, comprising 107 primary carcinomas and three mesenchymal tumours, were reviewed from 110 dogs with cancer of the bladder, urethra, or both. Histological classifications developed for the assessment of human bladder cancer were found to be readily applicable to the dog. These classifications are based on histological features, including the pattern of growth, the cell type, the grade of transitional tumour and the depth of invasion of the bladder wall. Features associated with localized disease in canine transitional cell carcinoma included papillary architecture, "in-situ" tumour, low tumour grade and a strong peritumoral lymphoid cell reaction. Features of tumours with metastasis included infiltrating and non-papillary architecture, increasing tumour grade, depth of invasion, vascular invasion and presence of peritumoral fibrosing reaction. Wide variability was found within single tissue samples, indicating that multiple sample sites are necessary for the adequate characterization of a given lesion. Statistically significant correlations were found between: tumour grade and depth of invasion (P < 0.0001); tumour grade and presence of metastases (P < 0.029); and peritumoral desmoplasia and metastases (P < 0.029). It was concluded that canine bladder cancer could be classified for the purpose of clinical management with a modified World Health Organization system as developed for human tumours.

Clinical evaluation of urethral tumors based on a simple classification system.

A simplified classification for primary urethral tumors is proposed. The T stage for tumors of male or female and of the upper or lower urethra has been combined into a single system. The system has been applied to 104 cases of urethral tumors. Although the cases were not necessarily very well qualified, a retrospective survival study demonstrated a general trend to a poorer prognosis in higher stages. Such a unified system might be useful for a simple classification of urethral tumors, a rare neoplasm with various clinical manifestations depending on sex or tumor site.

Primary malignant neoplasm of the female urethra.

This is a retrospective review of 11 cases of primary malignant neoplasm of the female urethra seen at the Louisiana State University Medical Center in Shreveport from 1951 to 1984. The disease was relatively more frequent in the 60- to 79-year age-group. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common among the different observed histopathology. A modified clinical staging system is introduced. At diagnosis, eight of 11 subjects (73%) had locally extensive disease. The majority of the patients were treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with surgery. The overall severe complication rate was low. The poor results (20% local control and survival) obtained in this small experience suggest that perhaps a study using promising adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents is warranted. A literature review summary of reported radiotherapy results is included.

[Neoplasms of the male urethra: diagnosis and therapy]. / Le neoplasie dell'uretra maschile: diagnosi e terapia.

Neoplasms of male urethra are particularly interesting for the diagnostic and therapeutical problems involved, urologist surgeons may be charged to resolve. The authors effected an anatomo-pathologic, diagnostical and especially therapeutical framing, by reviewing the data reported by the literature. The indications the Authors may draw therefrom are favourable to a radical surgery, even in consideration of the extensive nature of such tumours and the poor successes, in terms of survival, got by the conservative therapy.