[Multiple ileal neuroendocrine tumors 10mm in diameter with lymph node metastasis detected on endoscopy:a case report].

A 53-year-old man with an abnormal routine physical examination was referred to our hospital. Colonoscopy showed a 5-mm submucosal tumor that was 7cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. It was identified as a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) on biopsy. Preoperatively, we conducted a double balloon endoscopy to examine the entire small intestine. Another 7-mm submucosal tumor was found on the ileocecal valve, which was missed during the first colonoscopy. A final diagnosis of multiple ileal NETs (<10mm in diameter) was made, and the patient underwent ileocecal resection with lymphadenectomy. Histopathological evaluation of the surgical specimen verified the diagnosis of NET Grade 1 with submucosal invasion. Metastasis to lymph node #202 was also detected. He remained relapse-free for 5 years and 5 months after the operation. In conclusion, this was a case of multiple ileal NETs (<10mm in diameter) with lymph node metastasis that could not be detected preoperatively on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. This case highlights the significance of detailed endoscopic observation of the terminal ileum.

Myocardial, Retro-orbital, and Bilateral Testicular Metastases of an Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor in 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.

ABSTRACT: A 71-year-old man with a newly discovered metastatic grade II neuroendocrine tumor of the terminal ileum was referred for a 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan to stage the disease and assess suitability for PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy). The patient was known to have secondary nodal and bone/liver metastatic disease through prior morphological investigations. PET images revealed an atypical pattern of metastatic disease, showcasing secondary lesions in bilateral extraocular muscles, the myocardium, and both testes. The patient was pauci-symptomatic and only reported fatigue and diarrhea. Management involved lanreotide administration, and PRRT is being envisaged.

Focal loss of mural stratification as a radiological predictor for small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease.

AIM: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are at higher risk of small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA). We aimed to identify radiological predictors of SBA in CD. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case-control study at two tertiary inflammatory bowel disease centers and identified CD patients diagnosed with SBA between 2003 and 2019. Patients were matched with up to four controls. Pre-operative imaging (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT)) were reviewed by three gastrointestinal radiologists. RESULTS: Nineteen patients with CD-associated SBA with a mean age of 54.9 and 32 matched controls were included. Mean length of small bowel involvement was 216 (± 188) mm in the SBA group versus 156 (± 167) mm in the control group (p = 0.76). Only 11.8 % of cases had a diagnosis of SBA made preoperatively. In univariate analysis, focal loss of mural stratification (odds ratio [OR], 11; 95%CI, 2.43-49.5, p = 0.002), and wall thickening (OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.05-1.66, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with SBA. After adjustment, focal loss of mural stratification was the only independent risk factor (OR, 11; 95 % CI, 2.43-49.5, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Focal loss of mural stratification was identified as a predictor of CD-associated SBA, which should be described in imaging reports and further validated.

Ileal neuroendocrine tumor as an uncommon cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are heterogeneous, slow-growing tumors whose most common locations are lung, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas.

[Diagnosis of an ileal neuroendocrine tumor based on lymph node metastases: a case report].

A 72-year-old man was diagnosed with tumors outside of the stomach and mesentery of the small intestine on abdominal computed tomography. Histopathological examination of an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of a neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Gastroscopy, colonoscopy, small bowel capsule endoscopy, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were performed. However, the primary lesion could not be diagnosed. The patient underwent surgery, and an ileal submucosal tumor, which was not identified preoperatively in addition to the aforementioned abdominal tumors, was detected. All tumors were diagnosed as NET, and the ileal tumor was considered the primary lesion. The patient has shown no recurrence postoperatively. The current study presents a case of an ileal NET with lymph node metastases in a patient in whom the primary lesion remained preoperatively undiagnosed.

[Preoperative diagnosis of small intestinal cancer associated with Crohn's disease: a case report].

The patient was a 46-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease for several years. At 45 years of age, a colonoscopy was performed, and a protruding lesion in the terminal ileum was detected. Pathological analysis of a biopsy specimen noted high suspicion for a well differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent ileocecal resection, and histological examination of the specimen revealed that infiltration of the well differentiated adenocarcinoma was limited to the mucosa. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known case of early small intestinal cancer associated with Crohn's disease in Japan. Both endoscopy and a biopsy of any protruding lesions may be useful for making a preoperative diagnosis of small intestinal cancer associated with Crohn's disease.

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine in Crohn's disease.

The first case of small-bowel carcinoma (SBC) associated with Crohn's disease (CD) was described by Ginzburg in 1956. Since then, only 220 cases have been published in the literature.

Bleeding Edge Therapy: Ileocolic Intussusception Due to Ileocecal Valve Adenocarcinoma and Its Management in an Adult Patient-Case Report and Literature Review.

Adenocarcinoma as the primary cause of bowel intussusception is uncommon. We describe the case of a 86-year-old patient admitted for ileocecal intussusception due to the presence of adenocarcinoma, located in the ileocecal valve and right colon. The etiologies of intussusception, its diagnosis, and conservative or surgical treatments are discussed, with attention placed on the indications for reduction of the invagination prior to surgical resection.

Ileal Ulcer Associated With a Large Bezoar Mimicking Malignancy on FDG PET/CT.

A 34-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain for 2 months. Abdominal CT revealed a large bezoar in the distal ileum with surrounding thickened ileal wall and enlarged mesentery lymph nodes. On FDG PET/CT, the thickened ileal wall and enlarged mesentery lymph nodes showed increased FDG uptake. Ileal malignancy with mesentery lymph node metastasis was suspected. The distal ileum and enlarged mesentery lymph nodes were removed. Benign ileal ulcer and mesentery reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were confirmed by histopathology.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of ileum with intussusception in adult.

A 62-year-old man was referred to our department with suspected intussusception due to an ileal tumor. Tumor markers including soluble interleukin-2 receptor were not elevated. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and color Doppler ultrasonography showed a distinct ileal tumor without intratumoral blood flow or surrounding lymphadenopathies. Retrograde single-balloon enteroscopy revealed a submucosal tumor in the ileum that was hard and ulcerated. Partial intestinal resection was performed, and the lesion was diagnosed as an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. The patient had no recurrence over 2 years without additional treatment after surgery. This rare tumor should be kept in mind as a cause of ileal intussusception in adult and a multidisciplinary approach is vital to characterize it.