RESUMO
John Foster Dulles was the United States Secretary of State during the administration of President Dwight D Eisenhower. At the height of the Cold War, Dulles was Eisenhower's emissary, traveling over 450,000 international miles, leading United States foreign policy. In November of 1956, during an international crisis involving the Suez Canal, Dulles became ill and underwent an operation for a perforated colon cancer. During much of his impactful term as Secretary of State, Dulles was being treated for this cancer that ultimately resulted in his death in May of 1959. This paper highlights the medical care of John Foster Dulles and the global events during his illness.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo/história , Pessoas Famosas , Política , Neoplasias do Colo/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Colo/terapia , História do Século XX , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Adenocarcinoma/história , Neoplasias do Colo/história , Pessoas Famosas , Medicina Legal , Múmias/história , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/terapia , História do Século XVI , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Múmias/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To demonstrate how assessment of life expectancy and loss in expectation of life can be used to address a wide range of research questions of public health interest pertaining to the prognosis of cancer patients. METHODS: We identified 135,092 cases of colon adenocarcinoma diagnosed during 1961-2011 from the population-based Swedish Cancer Register. Flexible parametric survival models for relative survival were used to estimate the life expectancy and the loss in expectation of life. RESULTS: The loss in expectation of life for males aged 55 at diagnosis was 13.5 years (95 % CI 13.2-13.8) in 1965 and 12.8 (12.4-13.3) in 2005. For males aged 85 the corresponding figures were 3.21 (3.15-3.28) and 2.10 (2.04-2.17). The pattern was similar for females, but slightly greater loss in expectation of life. The loss in expectation of life is reduced given survival up to a certain time point post diagnosis. Among patients diagnosed in 2011, 945 life years could potentially be saved if the colon cancer survival among males could be brought to the same level as for females. CONCLUSION: Assessment of loss in expectation of life facilitates the understanding of the impact of cancer, both on individual and population level. Clear improvements in survival among colon cancer patients have led to a gain in life expectancy, partly due to a general increase in survival from all causes.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo/epidemiologia , Expectativa de Vida , Vigilância da População , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias do Colo/história , Feminino , Seguimentos , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Suécia/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Colectomia/história , Neoplasias do Colo/história , Neoplasias Colorretais Hereditárias sem Polipose/história , Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário/história , Participação do Paciente/história , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Colorretais Hereditárias sem Polipose/cirurgia , Conferências de Consenso como Assunto , Pessoas Famosas , França , Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário/cirurgia , História do Século XXI , HumanosAssuntos
Humanos , Pessoas Famosas , Neoplasias do Colo/história , Academias e Institutos , ZoologiaAssuntos
Programas de Rastreamento/tendências , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias da Mama/história , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo/história , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/história , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/história , National Cancer Institute (U.S.) , Neoplasias/história , Neoplasias da Próstata/história , Neoplasias da Próstata/prevenção & controle , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Ibn Zuhr (ca. 1091-1161) is the most important physician of Muslim Spain. His Kitâb al-Taysîr, translated into Hebrew and Latin, is principally a manual of therapeutics containing descriptions of clinical cases. His description "On Verrucae (tha'âlîl) that Occur in the Stomach [sic]," which deals with an emaciated Berber who evacuates a tumour the size of an apple in his stools, represents the first detailed report of a cancer of the colon. Latin and Hebrew translations of this report are close to the Arabic, but it is doubtful that the Latin text is based on the Hebrew. The possibility of an intermediate Judeo-Arabic text should be considered.
