Sandramycin, a novel antitumor antibiotic produced by a Nocardioides sp. Production, isolation, characterization and biological properties.

A new antitumor antibiotic, sandramycin, was isolated from cultured broth of a Nocardioides sp. (ATCC 39419) and purified by solvent partition and column chromatography. Sandramycin, a new depsipeptide, was moderately active in vitro against Gram-positive organisms and in vivo against leukemia P388 in mice.

Parvodicin, a novel glycopeptide from a new species, Actinomadura parvosata: discovery, taxonomy, activity and structure elucidation.

An extensive taxonomic investigation identified strain SK&F-AAJ-271 as a new species, designated Actinomadura parvosata. Fermentations of this organism produce a complex of acidic, lipophilic glycopeptide antibiotics, the parvodicins. Structures for seven of the isolated components were derived from a combination of mass spectral, high-field NMR and chemical techniques. The O-acetyl functionality present in two of the isolated components is a structural feature unique among the known members of this class of antibiotics. The parvodicins are active in vitro against a range of Gram-positive bacteria. The most active parvodicin, C1, produces high serum levels in vivo and has the potential for a long duration of action.

[Free mycolic acids of the cells of coryneform and Nocardia-like bacteria]. / Svobodnye mikolovye kisloty kletok nekootorykh korinepodobnykh i nokardiopodobnykh bakterii.

The composition of free mycolic acids was studied in the cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6871, B. flavum 22, B. stationis ATCC 14403, Corynebacterium divaricatum ATCC 14020 and Rhodococcus maris IMV 195. The acids are a mixture of saturated and unsaturated compounds with the total number of carbon atoms from 32 to 36 and the number of C atoms in the alpha-chain from 10 to 15.

Fine structural studies of Rhodococcus species.

Fine structural aspects of Rhodococcus rhodochrous and R. equi are described and illustrated by electron micrographs after staining of cells by a variety of electron cytochemical procedures. The cell contents of these actinomycetous bacteria were those of a typical prokaryotic cell and consistent with that observed for other species of the Actinomycetales. Fixation with either osmium tetroxide or permanganate indicated the presence of an electron opaque substance at the wall exterior of R. rhodochrous which is thought to be composed of protein. Ruthenium red and Alcian blue-lanthanum stains for mucosubstances revealed that both species possess a capsular substance thought to be composed of a mucopolysaccharide or mucopolysaccharide-protein complex. This substance was non-reactive toward the PATAg stain for polysaccharide macromolecules containing vicinal glycol groups.

Kijanimicin (Sch 25663), a novel antibiotic produced by Actinomadura kijaniata SCC 1256. Fermentation, isolation, characterization and biological properties.

A novel antibiotic complex has been isolated form the fermentation broth of a new species of Actinomadura, A. kijaniata SCC 1256. The complex was separated form the broth by a solvent extraction procedure and consists of 1 major component, designated kijanimicin, and 3 minor components. Kijanimicin was isolated form the complex by column chromatography and/or preparative high pressure liquid chromatography. Structurally the compound is a unique, large acid enol antibiotic and possesses an unusual in vitro spectrum of activity against some Gram-positive and anaerobic microorganisms. In vivo it has also shown interesting activity against malaria.

Rubeomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic complex. I. Taxonomy of producing organism, isolation, characterization and biological activities of rubeomycin A, A1, B and B1.

A new antibiotic complex has been obtained from the cultures of an actinomycete, strain FA-1180, isolated from a soil sample collected at lake side of Biwa in Japan. On the basis of taxonomic studies the producing microorganism is designated as Actinomadura roseoviolacea var. biwakoensis nov. var. The antibiotic complex belongs to the class of anthracycline glycoside antibiotics. All components form deep red fine needles on crystallization; components are named rubeomycin A, A1, B and B1. These components exhibit activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well as Yoshida sarcoma cell in vitro. These components are also effective on P388 leukemia.

Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of mycolic acid and other long-chain components in whole-organism methanolysates of coryneform and related taxa.

Acid methanolysates of strains representing 58 coryneform taxa were examined for mycolic acids and other long-chain constituents by thin-layer chromatography. Mycolic esters were detected in the methanolysates of true corynebacteria but not in those from plant pathogenic bacteria, Corynebacterium haemolyticum, Corynebacterium pyogenes or from representatives of the genera Arthrobacter, Cellulomonas, Curtobacterium, Kurthia or Oerskovia. Thin-layer chromatography of whole-organism methanolysates provides a simple method for distinguishing true corynebacteria from coryneforms which do not contain mycolic acids, and from nocardiae and mycobacteria which produce mycolic acids of different mobility. At present the mycolic esters of true corynebacteria cannot be clearly separated from those of some rhodochrous strains.

On the chemical structure of menaquinones with the tetrahydrogenated isoprenoid side chain.

New menaquinones have been isolated from Oerskovia turbata and Brevibacterium lipolyticum in the nocardioform and coryneform groups of bacteria, which have been identified to be a series of menaquinones with a tetrahydrogenated isoprenoid chain, designated as menaquinone-9(H4) and menaquinone-8(H4), respectively, by thin layer chromatography, ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the quinones have revealed that all the two saturated dolble bonds occur in the internal units of the isoprenoid side chain.

[Review of the systematic position of Actinomyces orientalis (Pittenger et Brigham) Krass. 1970 and its reclassification as Proactinomyces orientalis (Pittenger et Brigham) comb. nov]. / Peresmotr sistematicheskogo polozheniia Actinomyces orientalis (Pittenger et Brigham) Krass. 1970 i pereimenovanie ego v Proactinomyces orientalis (Pittenger et Brigham) comb. nov

The micromorphology, growth cycle, chemical composition of the cell walls, and the susceptibility to lysozyme and specific phages were studied with the culture of Actinomyces orientalis RIA-1074. It is seggested on the basis of these studied to transfer the culture from the Actinomyces genus to the Proactinomyces genus and to rename it Proactinomyces orientalis (Pittinger et Brigham) comb. nov.