Unilateral hemi-central retinal artery occlusion as a presenting sign of Susac syndrome.

A young woman presented at our clinic with sudden visual loss in the right eye, recurrent vertigo, and right-sided tinnitus. We performed a complete ophthalmological evaluation. This revealed effects of the condition on the small arterioles of the peripheral retina. Susac syndrome is characterized by the clinical triad of retinal arteriolar occlusions, cochleovestibular manifestations, and encephalopathy (which can be identified by neuroimaging abnormalities). Early diagnosis and immunosuppressive therapy improved the patient's visual acuity and the remission of her other symptoms. Hemi-central retinal artery occlusion is an atypical neuro-ophthalmological finding in this disease. However, its identification as a sign of Susac syndrome may facilitate timely diagnosis and accurate treatment.

Oclusão da artéria central da retina por embolia gordurosa após injeção facial de gordura autóloga / Central retinal artery occlusion by fat embolism after facial autologous fat injection

RESUMO Com o crescimento da indústria cosmética global, a busca pela estética e pelo rejuvenescimento impulsionou o aumento de procedimentos estéticos. A gordura autóloga é o tipo de preenchimento mais comum e mais grave relacionado à cegueira iatrogênica. A oclusão iatrogênica da artéria oftálmica é uma complicação rara (mas devastadora) das injeções de preenchimento facial. Embora diversos tratamentos tenham sido relatados e propostos, até o momento não há eficácia comprovada. Na identificação da oclusão de artéria central da retina, o tempo é de fundamental importância para o prognóstico visual do paciente. Os resultados, em geral, são insatisfatórios, e há pouca ou nenhuma evidência favorável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma paciente que apresentou oclusão de artéria central da retina após procedimento cosmético com gordura autóloga em região nasolabial.

ABSTRACT The global cosmetic industry growth and the desire for aesthetics and rejuvenation have increased the aesthetic procedures. Autologous fat is the most common and most serious type of filling related to iatrogenic blindness. Iatrogenic occlusion of the ophthalmic artery is a rare but devastating complication of facial filler injections. Although several treatments have been reported and proposed, to date there is no proven efficacy. In identifying central retinal artery occlusion, timing is crucial to the patient's visual prognosis. The results, in general, are unsatisfactory and there is little or no favorable evidence. This paper aimed to report the case of a patient who presented central retinal artery occlusion after a cosmetic procedure with autologous fat in the nasolabial region.

Optic neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccine / Neuropatia óptica após a vacina contra a COVID-19

ABSTRACT This case series describes four patients who presented with retinal and optic nerve vascular occlusions after administration of different COVID-19 vaccines. The first patient received the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222; Oxford/AstraZeneca) and 42 days later developed central retinal artery occlusion. The second patient developed a painless visual impairment in the left eye and was diagnosed with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy 6 days after receiving the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine. The third patient presented with the same condition 22 days after receiving the third dose of the COVID-19 Pfizer (Comirnaty®) vaccine. The fourth patient developed bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis after receiving the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. The purpose of this case series is to discuss the possibility of a causal association between ischemic eye alterations and COVID-19 virus vaccination. Long-term follow-up and evaluation of similar cases will help elucidate the degree of the association between the vaccine and ischemic ocular events.

RESUMO Esta série de casos descreve quatro casos de pacientes que apresentaram oclusões vasculares de retina e nervo óptico após a administração de tipos diferentes de vacinas contra COVID-19. O primeiro paciente tomou a vacina ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222; Oxford/AstraZeneca) e 42 dias depois desenvolveu oclusão da artéria central da retina. O segundo paciente teve défice visual indolor no olho esquerdo após 6 dias da vacina Sinovac (CoronaVac) e foi diagnosticado com neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior. O terceiro paciente apresentou o mesmo quadro após 22 dias da terceira dose da vacina COVID-19 Pfizer (Comirnaty®). O quarto paciente desenvolveu neurite óptica retrobulbar bilateral após vacina Oxford/AstraZeneca. O objetivo da nossa série de casos é discutir a possibilidade de correlação entre os quadros oculares isquêmicos e a vacinação contra a COVID-19. Nossos pacientes receberam vacinas contra COVID-19 com tecnologias diferentes e apresentaram quadros isquêmicos oculares relacionados temporalmente à vacinação. O acompanhamento e a avaliação a longo prazo de novos estudos semelhantes elucidarão o grau de associação entre a vacina e esse possível evento adverso.

Central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal artery sparing secondary to COVID-19: Additional ocular complication.

We describe a 68-year-old female patient with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) with cilioretinal artery sparing post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The patient presented with acute vision loss in the left eye 11 days after discharge from a severe COVID-19 infection, with altered D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the left eye was 20/400; fundoscopic examination revealed diffuse pallor retina with a patent arterial branch from the optic disk to the fovea, confirmed by fluorescein angiography. CRAO with a cilioretinal artery sparing post-COVID-19 may be considered an additional ocular manifestation of the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome spectrum.

Cilioretinal Artery Obstruction as a Complication of Retinitis Caused by Chikungunya Virus.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this case report is to describe the obstruction of cilioretinal artery in a patient with acute focal retinitis occurring due to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) fever. CASE REPORT: A 45-year-old female presented with sudden and unilateral visual impairment from 2 days, which was preceded by a flu-like syndrome 2 weeks before. Multimodal imaging revealed focal retinitis in both eyes, which was complicated by cilioretinal artery obstruction in the left eye. Laboratory examinations confirmed the diagnosis of CHIKV fever and showed positive results (anti-CHIKV IgM and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). The patient was treated with oral steroids. Following which, the patient showed a limited visual and anatomical recovery in the affected eye. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: CHIKV fever has been currently associated with atypical manifestations. This indexed report describes a unique perspective on CHIKV focal retinitis, complicated by cilioretinal artery obstruction, further leading to limited visual recovery.

Retinal vascular occlusions after nonocular surgeries / Oclusões vasculares retinianas após cirurgias não oculares

ABSTRACT Ophthalmologic complications of nonocular surgeries are rare events, but can lead to irreversible conditions of low visual acuity. They are often associated with spine, heart and neck surgery, however they can occur after procedures on other systems. The main local causes are ischemic optic neuropathies, vascular occlusions, cortical lesions, and acute angle-closure glaucoma. We report two cases of sudden low visual acuity secondary to vascular occlusions after gastrointestinal procedures. In the first case, a 57-year-old patient electively admitted for colon reconstruction after Hartmann's colostomy, progressed with intra- and postoperative complications and required subsequent complementary surgeries. Once month later he presented with sudden bilateral low visual acuity, painless and non-altitudinal, and was diagnosed as papillophlebitis, which resolved spontaneously with the progression of the condition. The second case, a 69-year-old patient with no comorbidities underwent rectal resection due to suspected malignant tumor, and progressed on the third postoperative day, with pain and bilateral low visual acuity secondary to acute angle-closure glaucoma, and branch retinal artery occlusion in right eye; treated with iridotomy and ocular hypotensive eye drops, with only slight recovery of vision. The article aims to discuss the etiological mechanisms of the reported conditions and present a literature review.

RESUMO Complicações oftalmológicas de cirurgias não oculares são raras, mas podem levar a condições irreversíveis de baixa acuidade visual. Em geral são associadas à cirurgia de coluna, coração ou pescoço, mas podem ocorrer após procedimentos em outros sistemas. As principais causas são neuropatias ópticas isquêmicas, oclusões vasculares, lesões corticais, e glaucoma agudo de ângulo fechado. Relatamos dois casos de baixa acuidade visual súbita, secundária a oclusões vasculares, após procedimentos cirúrgicos gastrointestinais. No primeiro caso, um paciente de 57 anos foi internado de forma eletiva para reconstrução do cólon após colostomia de Hartmann. Evoluiu com complicações nos períodos intra- e pós-operatório, e necessitou de outras cirurgias complementares. Um mês depois apresentou baixa acuidade visual bilateral súbita, indolor e não altitudinal, e foi diagnosticado como papiloflebite, com resolução espontânea na evolução. O segundo caso, uma paciente de 69 anos, sem comorbidades, foi submetida à ressecção do reto por suspeita de tumor maligno e, no terceiro dia de pós-operatório, evoluiu com dor e baixa acuidade visual bilateral, secundária a glaucoma agudo de ângulo fechado, e oclusão de ramo da artéria retiniana no olho direito; tratada com iridotomia e colírios hipotensores, com recuperação parcial da visão. O objetivo do artigo é discutir os mecanismos etiológicos das doenças relatadas, e apresentar uma revisão da literatura.

Central retinal artery occlusion associated with patent foramen ovale: a case report and literature review.

Patent foramen ovale might cause cryptogenic strokes, including retinal artery occlusion. Herein, we describe a previously healthy young man who presented with central retinal artery occlusion in the setting of patent foramen ovale and explore the need for transesophageal echocardiogram for its diagnosis. Cardiovascular workup and neuroimaging were unremarkable. Transthoracic echocardiogram bubble study revealed a right to left atrial shunt and subsequent transesophageal echocardiogram disclosed patent foramen ovale. This congenital cardiac anomaly was the likely conduit for a thrombo-embolic central retinal artery occlusion. We identified seven patients with patent foramen ovale associated with central retinal artery occlusion in the literature. Transthoracic echocardiogram was diagnostic in only one patient (14.3%), whereas transesophageal echocardiogram was required to reveal patent foramen ovale in the remaining six (85.7%). Our case and the previous reports support the link between central retinal artery occlusion and patent foramen ovale. Therefore, providers should consider the more sensitive transesophageal echocardiogram during the initial evaluation of young patients without immediately identifiable causes of retinal artery occlusion.

A Periorbital Abscess with Combined Retinal Artery Occlusion and Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Periorbital abscesses are uncommon complications of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis; with the evolution of diagnostic and therapeutic methods, it is rare that the patient progresses to irreversible blindness. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) rarely occur simultaneously and the factors that influence this occurrence are not well understood. CASE REPORT This is a case report of an immunocompetent healthy adolescent girl, who developed irreversible blindness caused by a periorbital abscess secondary to acute bacterial rhinosinusitis due to CRAO and CRVO. Despite 6 days of clinical treatment, including intravenous antibiotics (vancomycin-associated piperacillin with tazobactam), she had a large periorbital abscess and could not open her left eye. Therefore, she was transferred to a tertiary hospital; 1 day after her admission, she underwent surgical treatment to drain the abscess through external and endoscopic access. In addition, she received broad-spectrum antibiotics (meropenem with vancomycin) for 3 weeks. She was no longer able to perceive light with the left eye, despite her clinical improvement. This case report discusses the factors that could have contributed to this poor outcome, despite clinical and surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there are several mechanisms that can lead to the loss of vision and when the indicated surgical intervention is delayed, it can increase the risk of visual sequelae.

Paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with hypoperfusion of the cilioretinal artery and impending central retinal vein occlusion.

BACKGROUND: Paracentral acute middle maculopathy is defined as ischemia of the deep retinal layers. We report an unusual case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with hypoperfusion of the cilioretinal artery and impending central retinal vein occlusion in a young male with no previous comorbidities. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 22-year-old male complaining about a sudden loss of vision in his right eye upon awakening. Fundus examination showed optic disk edema, and increased tortuosity of the retinal veins and a few retinal hemorrhages. Swept-source optical coherence tomography found a hyperreflective band that was more pronounced at the level of the inner nuclear layer of the retina. These findings led us to a diagnosis of paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with hypoperfusion of the cilioretinal artery. CONCLUSION: The finding of paracentral acute middle maculopathy on optical coherence tomography demands a proper investigation of its cause, because it has an intimate association with vascular diseases and is not an isolated entity. In our case, we could not identify the etiology of the unilateral event in this young male, although dehydration due to alcohol consumption and subsequent hypotension might have played a role in this ischemic event.

Susac's syndrome: an update.

Susac's syndrome (SS) is a relatively rare cause of multiple recurrent branch retinal arterial occlusions (BRAO). SS is frequently misdiagnosed and probably underdiagnosed. Ophthalmic manifestations may be the sole presenting sign of SS. Comprehensive literature review The typical triad of encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss and multiple recurrent BRAO is seldom seen at presentation in SS. The characteristic ophthalmological feature in SS is the presence of recurrent multiple BRAO in the absence of intraocular inflammation. Yellow to yellow-white, non-refractile or refractile retinal arterial wall plaques (Gass plaques) found at midarteriolar segments not associated to bifurcations are commonly found in SS. Because of its ability to capture more peripheral retinal area, ultrawide field fluorescein angiography (FA) has definite advantages over conventional FA and its use should be encouraged in patients suspected of having SS. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), particularly spectral domain OCT complements FA. Patients with BRAO and hearing loss that do not develop encephalopathy during the initial 2 years will most likely not develop encephalopathy. However, these patients will be prone to recurrent BRAO and hearing loss. Imunosuppression is the cornerstone of treatment but the best regimen still needs to be defined. A minority of patients with SS present with the typical triad. A high index of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to delay disease progression and prevent blindness, deafness and dementia.

Transient retinal artery occlusion after phacoemulsification under local anesthetic block / Oclusão arterial retiniana transitória após facoemulsificação sob bloqueio anestésico

ABSTRACT We here in report the case of a patient subjected to cataract surgery through phacoemulsification under local anesthetic block, without intra-operative complications. The patient presented important visual impairment in the first post-operative day. Fundoscopy showed pallor resembling cherry-red spots at the macula. Fluorescein angiography did not depict signs of vascular occlusion and the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed increased reflectivity in the inner layers of the retina, thus suggesting local thickening and edema. The current case led to the diagnostic hypothesis of transient retinal arterial occlusion.

RESUMO Relatamos um caso de um paciente submetido a facectomia por facoemulsificação sob bloqueio anestésico peribulbar, sem intercorrências per-operatória, que apresentou no primeiro dia de pós-operatório baixa visual significativa. À fundoscopia observou-se palidez em aspecto de mácula em cereja. A angiofluoresceinografia não demonstrou sinais de oclusão vascular e a tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou aumento da refletividade das camadas internas da retina, sugerindo espessamento e edema local. No caso descrito foi aventada hipótese diagnóstica de oclusão arterial retiniana transitória.

Cilioretinal Artery Branch Avulsion Secondary to Surgical Embolectomy: Management and Outcome.

We report the trans-operative approach and short-term outcome of a patient who suffered a traumatic avulsion of the cilioretinal artery branch during the surgical management of a cilioretinal arterial branch occlusion (CRABO) with intraocular embolectomy. A patient with acute CRABO underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with in situ embolectomy. The blocked artery was incised using 25 gauge vertical scissors, and embolus manipulation was done using microsurgical forceps. During embolus extraction, the occluded cilioretinal artery and its branch were inadvertently avulsed and torn with subsequent intense bleeding. Laser and endodiathermy were used for acute hemostasis. The maneuvers created an unintended retinochoroidal anastomosis. Visual field improvement was noted 3 months after the surgery. In the event of a complicated surgical embolectomy with the avulsion of the artery, the formation of a retinochoroidal anastomosis and reperfusion of the occluded may occur along with the improvement of visual fields in some cases.

Susac syndrome: the first case report in Peru. / Síndrome de Susac: primer reporte de caso en el Perú.

Susac Syndrome is a rare entity, characterized by a triad of subacute encephalopathy, retinal artery occlusion and sensorineural hearing loss. It is more common in women and the age of onset fluctuates between 9-58 years of age. The pathogenesis is presented as microangiopathic changes at the cerebral, retinal and cochlear levels associated with an autoimmune mechanism. We present the case of a 31-year-old woman who started with a diffuse headache, puerile behavior, bradylalia and somnolence. As the disease progressed, she had auditory deficit and arterial obstruction of the right temporal retinal branch in retinal fluorescein angiography. Brain magnetic resonance showed rounded hyperintense lesions in the corpus callosum, periventricular region and cerebellum. This is the first reported case of Susac Syndrome in Peru, presented with the classic triad, which is an infrequent presentation. However, cases that show incomplete forms should be evaluated in a timely manner to initiate timely treatment and avoid irreversible consequences.

El síndrome de Susac es una entidad rara, caracterizada por la triada clásica de encefalopatía subaguda, oclusión de la arteria retiniana e hipoacusia neurosensorial. Es más frecuente en mujeres, la edad de inicio fluctúa entre los nueve y los 58 años de edad. La patogénesis se plantea como un cuadro microangiopático a nivel cerebral, retiniano y coclear asociado a un mecanismo autoinmune. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 31 años de edad que inició con cefalea holocraneana, conducta pueril, bradilalia y somnolencia. En la angiografía con fluoresceína de retina presentó en la evolución un déficit auditivo y obstrucción arterial de la rama temporal retiniana derecha. La resonancia magnética cerebral mostró lesiones redondeadas hiperintensas en el cuerpo calloso, región periventricular y cerebelo. Se reporta el primer caso de síndrome de Susac definido en Perú, el que se manifestó con la triada clásica, que es de presentación poco frecuente. Sin embargo, también los casos que muestran formas incompletas deben ser evaluados oportunamente para iniciar un tratamiento oportuno y evitar secuelas irreversibles.

Post operative visual loss after cervical laminectomy in prone position / Perda visual no pós-operatório de laminectomia cervical em pronação

Abstract Postoperative visual loss is a rare and devastating complication. The estimated incidence is 0.01-1% after non ocular surgery. It has been reported after spine, cardiac and head and neck surgeries. We report a patient who was operated for cervical laminectomy in prone position and complained of loss of vision in one eye postoperatively. He was thoroughly investigated after visual loss. The case was diagnosed as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) of the left eye. Here we consider the potential etiological factors causing this unilateral loss of vision and try to suggest strategies to reduce the incidence of the complication in spinal surgery.

Resumo A perda visual pós-operatória é uma complicação rara e devastadora. A incidência estimada é de 0,01-1% após cirurgia não oftalmológica. Há relatos de sua ocorrência após cirurgias da coluna, cardíaca e de cabeça e pescoço. Relatamos o caso de um paciente submetido à laminectomia cervical em pronação que se queixou de perda de visão em um dos olhos no pós-operatório. O paciente foi profundamente investigado após a perda visual. O caso foi diagnosticado como oclusão da artéria central da retina (CRAO) do olho esquerdo. Aqui consideramos os potenciais fatores etiológicos que causam essa perda unilateral da visão e tentamos sugerir estratégias para reduzir a incidência dessa complicação em cirurgia de coluna vertebral.

[Post operative visual loss after cervical laminectomy in prone position]. / Perda visual no pós­operatório de laminectomia cervical em pronação.

Postoperative visual loss is a rare and devastating complication. The estimated incidence is 0.01-1% after non ocular surgery. It has been reported after spine, cardiac and head and neck surgeries. We report a patient who was operated for cervical laminectomy in prone position and complained of loss of vision in one eye postoperatively. He was thoroughly investigated after visual loss. The case was diagnosed as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) of the left eye. Here we consider the potential etiological factors causing this unilateral loss of vision and try to suggest strategies to reduce the incidence of the complication in spinal surgery.

Combined branch retinal vein and artery occlusion in toxoplasmosis.

A 22-year-old man complained of low visual acuity and pain in his left eye for five days. His ophthalmological examination revealed 2+ anterior chamber reaction and a white, poorly defined retinal lesion at the proximal portion of the inferotemporal vascular arcade. There were retinal hemorrhages in the inferotemporal region extending to the retinal periphery. In addition, venous dilation, increased tortuosity, and ischemic retinal whitening along the inferotemporal vascular arcade were also observed. A proper systemic work-up was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis. He was treated with an anti-toxoplasma medication, and his condition slowly improved. Inferior macular inner and middle retinal atrophy could be observed on optical coherence tomography as a sequela of ischemic injury. To our knowledge, this is the first report of combined retinal branch vein and artery occlusion in toxoplasmosis resulting in a striking and unusual macular appearance.

Combined branch retinal vein and artery occlusion in toxoplasmosis / Oclusão combinada de ramo arterial e venoso retinianos em toxoplasmose

ABSTRACT A 22-year-old man complained of low visual acuity and pain in his left eye for five days. His ophthalmological examination revealed 2+ anterior chamber reaction and a white, poorly defined retinal lesion at the proximal portion of the inferotemporal vascular arcade. There were retinal hemorrhages in the inferotemporal region extending to the retinal periphery. In addition, venous dilation, increased tortuosity, and ischemic retinal whitening along the inferotemporal vascular arcade were also observed. A proper systemic work-up was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis. He was treated with an anti-toxoplasma medication, and his condition slowly improved. Inferior macular inner and middle retinal atrophy could be observed on optical coherence tomography as a sequela of ischemic injury. To our knowledge, this is the first report of combined retinal branch vein and artery occlusion in toxoplasmosis resulting in a striking and unusual macular appearance.

RESUMO Um paciente do sexo masculino, com 22 anos de idade, queixou-se de redução da acuidade visual no olho esquerdo por 5 dias. O exame oftalmológico mostrou reação de câmara anterior 2+ e uma lesão retiniana esbranquiçada, pouco definida, na porção proximal da arcada vascular temporal inferior. Foram observadas hemorragias retinianas na região temporal inferior estendendo-se à periferia, assim como ingurgitamento venoso, aumento da tortuosidade e palidez isquêmica da retina no mesmo quadrante. Exames laboratoriais corroboraram o diagnóstico de toxoplasmose ocular. O paciente melhorou lentamente após tratamento apropriado. Foi evidenciada atrofia da retina macular inferior interna e média à tomografia de coerência óptica, como sequela da isquemia retiniana. Para nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relato de oclusão retiniana combinada de ramo arterial e venoso em toxoplasmose ocular, levando a um aspecto fundoscópico atípico e peculiar.

Oclusão da artéria central da retina em paciente com poliangeíte microscópica / Central retinal artery occlusion in patient with microscopic polyangiitis

RESUMO A poliangeíte microscópica é uma vasculite necrotizante sistêmica que acomete arteríolas, capilares e vênulas, mas também pode atingir pequenas e médias artérias. É considerada uma doença rara, idiopática e autoimune. Diversas anormalidades oculares e sistêmicas estão associadas às oclusões arteriais retinianas. Dentre as doenças vasculares do colágeno, a literatura cita como possíveis causas de obstrução das artérias retinianas o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, a poliarterite nodosa, a arterite de células gigantes, a granulomatose de Wegener e a granulomatose linfóide de Liebow. Até o presente momento, não se encontrou na literatura relatos da associação de casos de oclusão arterial retinana associados à PAM. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente com poliangeíte microscópica que apresentou comprometimento renal importante e oclusão da artéria central da retina unilateral. Atenta-se para a inclusão de pesquisa da PAM, através do p-ANCA, na avaliação de possível origem sistêmica em pacientes acometidos por oclusão arterial retiniana.

ABSTRACT The microscopic polyangiitis is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that affects arterioles, capillaries and venules, but can also reach small and medium-sized arteries. It is considered a rare disease, idiopathic in nature but clearly autoimmune. Several ocular and systemic abnormalities are associated with retinal arterial occlusions. Among the collagen vascular diseases, the literature cited as possible causes of retinal artery obstruction lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, giant cell arteritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis and lymphoid Liebow. Until now, there were no reports in the literature of the association of cases of arterial occlusion retinana associated with PAM. The authors report a case of a 53 years old patient diagnosed with microscopic polyangiitis who presented with important renal artery occlusion and associated unilateral central retinal artery occlusion. An extended systemic evaluation of patients presenting with central retinal artery occlusion should include research of PAM through analysis op p-ANCA.

Oclusão de artéria central da retina associada ao forame oval patente / Central retinal artery occlusion associated with patent foramen ovale

Oclusão da artéria central da retina é uma doença comumente encontrada em pacientes idosos, mas pode também ser vista em crianças e adultos jovens. Nestes, as principais causas são anomalias cardíacas, sendo o forame oval patente o mais observado. O objetivo do trabalho é relatar o caso de um paciente jovem com oclusão da artéria central da retina apresentando persistência de forame oval e, também, salientar a importância de uma propedêutica detalhada nos casos de oclusões vasculares da retina.

Central retinal artery occlusion it’s a disease most encountered in older patients, however it can be seen in children and young persons. In this situation the principal causes are cardiac abnormalities, and the patent foramen ovale is the most observed. The purpose of this study is to report a case of central retinal artery occlusion in a young patient with patent foramen ovale and, also, describe the importance of a detailed management in cases of retinal vascular occlusions.