The impact of occupational structures on ethnic and gendered employment gaps: An event history analysis using social security register data.

Ethnic and gendered employment gaps are mainly explained by individual characteristics, while less attention is paid to occupational structures. Drawing on administrative data, this article analyses the impact of occupational characteristics on top of individual attributes in the urban labour market of Vienna. Both set of variables can explain observed employment gaps to a large extent, but persistent gaps remain, in particular among females. The article's main finding is that the occupational structure appears to have gendered effects. While men tend to benefit from ethnic segregation, women face difficulties when looking for jobs with high shares of immigrant workers. Looking for jobs in occupations that recruit from relatively few educational backgrounds (credentials) is beneficial for both sexes at the outset unemployment, but among females this competitive advantage diminishes over time. The article concludes by discussing potential strategies to avoid the traps of occupational segregation.

Reconstrucción del ethos de la ingeniería civil industrial en Chile: un acercamiento preliminar / Reconstruction of the ethos of industrial civil engineer career in Chile: a preliminary approach / Reconstrução do ethos da engenharia civil industrial no Chile: uma aproximação preliminar

Investigación cualitativa para reconstruir el ethos profesional de la ingeniería civil industrial en Chile desde la subjetividad de sus actores. Se indagó en la experiencia profesional y la construcción de significados respecto de la ética e interculturalidad en su profesión, en un grupo de ingenieros civiles industriales y estudiantes que hubieran realizado su última práctica profesional. Todos los participantes habían estudiado o aún estudiaban en universidades estatales chilenas. La indagación se efectuó mediante entrevistas individuales y grupales a 29 individuos, de las que devengaron 19 textos, analizados mediante la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Los resultados permiten aventurar que el ethos de la Ingeniería Civil Industrial en Chile contiene como elemento nuclear la eficiencia y, por ende, la calidad del trabajo en sí misma. Sin embargo, este ethos se presenta tensionado con las aspiraciones por transformarla en una disciplina en la que sus profesionales además actúen conscientes de su responsabilidad social. En este sentido, es posible suponer que se trataría de una profesión en la cual, al menos en Chile, su carácter moral podría estar experimentando un proceso de reconstrucción.

Looking for Industrial Engineering professional ethos reconstruction from its actors’ subjectivity, a qualitative research on professional experience and meaning construction on ethics and interculturality, in Chilean Industrial engineers and students who had already finished their last practicum, is reported. All participants had studied or were still studying in Chilean public universities. Inquiry was performed by means of individual and group interviews which provided 19 texts, afterwards analyzed by means of Grounded Theory procedures. Results allow to adventure that Industrial Engineering ethos, in Chile, had as its nucleus efficiency, and so, tasks quality itself. Nevertheless, this ethos is tensioned with the aspiration to transform this discipline in one whose professionals also would work being conscious of its social responsibility. According to these results, it’s feasible to presume that, at least in Chile, Industrial Engineering is experiencing a reconstruction process in its moral character.

Investigação qualitativa para reconstruir o ethos profissional da engenharia civil industrial no Chile a partir da subjetividade de seus atores. Se indagou a experiência profissional e a construção de significados a respeito da ética e interculturalidade em sua profissão, a um grupo de engenheiros civis industriais e estudantes que tiveram realizado sua última prática profissional. Todos os participantes haviam estudado ou ainda estudavam em universidades estatais chilenas. A indagação se efetuou mediante entrevistas individuais e coletivas a 29 indivíduos, das quais obtiveram 19 textos, analisados mediante a metodologia da Teoria Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Os resultados permitem aventurar que o ethos da Engenharia Civil Industrial no Chile contém como elemento nuclear a eficiência e, por fim, a qualidade do trabalho em si mesma. Todavia, este ethos se apresenta tensionado com as aspirações por transformá-lo numa disciplina na qual seus profissionais ademais atuem conscientes de sua responsabilidade social. Neste sentido, é possível supor que se trataria de uma profissão na qual, ao menos no Chile, seu caráter moral poderia estar experimentando um processo de reconstrução.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Gender and Geoethics in the Geosciences.

In this introduction to the Special Issue on Gender and Geoethics in the Geosciences is a focus on the participation of women in traditionally male-dominated professions, with geography as an exemplary academic subject. The Special Issue stems from the Commission of Gender and Geoethics as part of the International Association of Geoethics, and endeavors to bring together efforts at various spatial scales that examine the position of women in science and engineering in particular, as conveyed in engineering geology, disaster management sciences, and climate change adaptation studies. It has been discovered, for instance, that men are more active and personally prepared at the community level (in Atlantic Canada coastal communities), and more action is still required in developing countries especially to promote gender equality and empower women. Studies contained in this Special Issue also reveal that tutoring and mentoring by other women can promote further involvement in non-traditional professions, such as professional engineering geology, where women are preferring more traditional (less applied) approaches that may circumscribe their ability to find suitable employment after graduation. Moreover, the hiring policy needs to change in many countries, such as Canada, where there are fewer women at entry-level and senior ranks within geography, especially in physical geography as the scientific part of the discipline. The exclusion of women in traditionally male-dominated spheres needs to be addressed and rectified for the ascent of women to occur in scientific geography and in other geosciences as well as science and engineering at large.

Dentists versus auto mechanics: are there ethical differences?

The different ethical perspectives of dentists and auto mechanics include primary concern, billing procedures, advertising, emergency care, the level of autonomy granted to their patients/ clients, the amount of disclosure given to their patients/clients, the ability to judge the work of others, and the freedom to pursue romantic relationships with their patients/clients. In analyzing these differences, one finds dentists to have much greater ethical obligations than auto mechanics. There are subtle differences between the ethical expectations of Canadian and United States dentists.

Profesionalización, vocación y ética de enfermería / Professionalism, dedication and motivation, and ethics in nursing

La profesionalización, en enfermería, es un proceso social complejo; proviene del latín professio; significa profesar, es decir, ejercer una ciencia o un arte de forma voluntaria; se refiere también a una ideología o actividad asociada que se encuentra en diversos grupos de profesionales en los que sus integrantes aspiran a un estatus social. El estatus facilita el desarrollo, el crecimiento y la evolución de la profesión, consolidando el concepto de profesionalización o de ocupación, según cada contexto. El crecimiento de la enfermería, en este proceso, presenta factores económicos, políticos y culturales, en los que existe un nivel de crecimiento de acuerdo a criterios generales como el estatus, la vocación y la ética de cada profesional de enfermería.

Professionalisation in nursing, is a complex social process ; It comes from the Latin professio ; means profess , that is, exercise science or an art voluntarily ; also it refers to an ideology or associated activity found in various professional groups in which its members aspire to a social status. The status facilitates the development , growth and evolution of the profession , consolidating the concept of professional or occupation , depending on the context. The growth of nursing, in this process, has economic, political and cultural factors , in which there is a level of growth according to general criteria such as status , vocation and ethics of each nurse .

Valores, vocación y respuesta / Values, vocation and response

Se definen los valores y la vocación. Se describe la conducta como respuesta, y su integración ética y técnica para configurar el perfil que se desea para el médico. Se explican las palabras claves.

The wages of healing: ethical issues in the compensation of physicians.

Though not often addressed as a moral issue, the incomes of physicians and other health professionals are fraught with ethical significance. While there is no perfect means of determining appropriate income level, possible approaches include market worth, comparable worth, societal worth, and fairness. In fact, however, income is not the only reward that makes a medical career worthwhile, and a preoccupation with wealth can impede the pursuit of other equally worthy objectives. In an era when financial incentives and disincentives tend to receive the lionshare of attention, it is vital that physicians continue to bear these other objectives in mind.