The History of Pathologists' Assistants: A Tale of 2 Educational Mavericks.

CONTEXT.­: The use of medical technologists to assist with clinical pathology workload has been common since the 1930s. In stark contrast, most aspects of anatomical pathology have traditionally been considered to be medical work that must be performed by pathologists or residents. OBJECTIVE.­: To describe the history of the pathologists' assistant profession in North America. DESIGN.­: Available primary and secondary historical sources were reviewed. RESULTS.­: The concept of physician assistants, capable of performing delegated medical tasks, was created by Eugene A. Stead Jr, MD, at Duke University in 1965. When this profession began, it was quickly embraced by the American Medical Association, which took ownership related to certification and licensing of practitioners as well as external accreditation of training programs. Because of concerns about pathology manpower in the late 1960s, Thomas D. Kinney, MD, also at Duke University, developed the first training program for pathologists' assistants in 1969. Pathologists' assistants were not immediately accepted by many academic pathologists, especially related to work in the surgical pathology gross room. Organized pathology did not help the new profession develop standards, and so in 1972 pathologists' assistants created their own professional organization, the American Association of Pathologists' Assistants. Although it took several decades, the association was eventually able to forge relationships with the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences for training program accreditation and the American Society for Clinical Pathology for board certification for practitioners. The development of the profession in Canada is also described. CONCLUSIONS.­: The pathologists' assistant profession is now well established in North America.

Origem e desenvolvimento da Naturologia no Brasil: aspectos conceituais, históricos e políticos / Origin and development of Naturology in Brazil: conceptual, historical and political aspects

O primeiro bacharelado reconhecido pelo MEC de Naturologia completa 20 anos em 2018. A naturologia é uma profissão recente no Brasil, a qual busca entender o ser-humano multidimensionalmente e respeitar a singularidade humana na busca de bem-estar, qualidade de vida e saúde através da relação de interagência e das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares. Este texto aborda um breve histórico das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares e Naturologia no Brasil, o processo de reconhecimento da ocupação e regulamentação da profissão. O texto também explora os campos de atuação do naturólogo, órgãos de representação profissional, principais eventos científicos e publicações importantes da área.(AU)

The first course recognized bu the Ministry of Education of Naturology completes 20 years in 2018. Naturology is a new profession in Brazil, one which seeks to understand the human being in a multi-dimensional way, and respect human singularity in its search for well-being, quality of life and health trough a relationship of interagency and Complementary and Intrgrative Pratices. The present article addresses a brief history of Comlementary and Integrative Pratices and Naturology in Brazil, the process of recognizing the occupation and regulation of the profession. The paper also explores the fields in which the naturologist is active, the bodies of professional representation, the main scientific events and important publications in the field.(AU)

Development of the School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Public Health at Siriraj, Thailand 1896-1971: a historical study.

This study examined the history and development of the first nursing school in Thailand. Data were collected using a historical methodology through a review of related literature, as well as interviews with senior nurses. All data were clustered and categorized by using content analysis and an historical lens. The results revealed that the School development was divided to three periods: the School development in 1896-1925 (the foundation of modern Thai nursing); 1926-1955 (the influence of American medical and nursing education); and 1956-1971 (the transfer of a hospital-based training to university-based nursing education). In the final period, there was recognition that was associated with the professionalization of nursing, as the School initiated a bachelor degree in nursing and became the Faculty of Nursing. Through this long development, the School has progressively assisted Thai nursing to become a strong profession with international standards and recognition. The results of this study add significantly to the history of nursing in Thailand, and help nurses internationally to appreciate the efforts that have continued to sustain their noble profession.

Evolution of the intensive care unit as a clinical center and critical care medicine as a discipline.

This article discusses the history of the ICU and critical care medicine (CCM). It also discusses the certification of critical care nurses and allied health professionals, as well as CCM societies and congresses, education and board certification, evidence-based CCM, research and publications, and future challenges to the field.

Coming together, moving apart: a history of the term allied health in education, accreditation, and practice.

In recent years, several groups, including the physician assistant, health information management, ophthalmic medical technician/technologist, and athletic training review committees, have left the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) system to form their own, profession-specific accrediting bodies. Their motivation was typically a desire for greater professional visibility and autonomy. Combined, these professions represented one third of the CAAHEP's programs. This article reviews the history of allied health and examines current attempts to bring cohesion and identity to this increasingly fractured segment of the U.S. health care system.