RESUMO
Neuroblastoma is an embryonic tumor of the sympathetic nervous system originating from neural crest cell remnants, which may be found in the adrenal glands or sympathetic chain. We report a case of a three-year-old girl who presented with flaccid paraparesis, and acute respiratory distress that required mechanical ventilation after a multiple-day history of gradual-onset dyspnea and right upper-lung opacity that was initially misdiagnosed as pneumonia. Chest and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor in the posterior mediastinum with intra-spinal canal extension. The patient underwent thoracotomy and surgical en bloc resection with spinal canal decompression. Histopathology revealed neuroblastoma. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient was administered a course of chemotherapy but died due to advanced stage tumor, severe pancytopenia, and septicemia with renal failure. The aim of this report is to consider posterior mediastinal neuroblastoma in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea and acute lower limb weakness in young children.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroblastoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Paraparesia/diagnóstico por imagem , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias do Mediastino/patologia , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Paraparesia/patologia , RadiografiaRESUMO
Spinal epidermoid cysts are benign tumors. Syringomyelia secondary to intramedullary tumors are frequently observed. However, the association between syringomyelia and spinal intradural extramedullary epidermoid cyst in the conus medullaris region is extremely rare. We present the case of a 3-year-old male who was admitted with paraparesis and urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine demonstrated intradural extramedullary lesion, compatible with epidermoid cyst, that at the conus medullaris level and a large syringomyelia extending from T4 to L1 vertebrae. Total microsurgical excision of the cyst was performed. No additional drainage was carried out for the syringomyelic cavity. Histopathological examination verified the diagnosis of the epidermoid cyst. Total excision of the cyst and disappearance of the syringomyelia were observed on MRI at 15 days postoperatively. We have clarified the etiology, clinical, histopathological and radiological features, differential diagnosis, and treatment modalities of spinal epidermoid cysts. In addition, we have discussed the possible mechanisms of syringomyelia formation in spinal intradural lesions.
Assuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Paraparesia/patologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/cirurgia , Medula Espinal/patologia , Siringomielia/patologia , Retenção Urinária/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Cisto Epidérmico/complicações , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Paraparesia/diagnóstico por imagem , Paraparesia/etiologia , Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Medula Espinal/complicações , Doenças da Medula Espinal/patologia , Siringomielia/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Retenção Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Retenção Urinária/etiologiaRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Espinha Bífida Oculta/diagnóstico por imagem , Região Lombossacral/patologia , Hipertricose/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Dermoide , Espinha Bífida Oculta/patologia , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Paraparesia/patologia , Vancomicina/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Spinal cord ependymomas are the most frequent primary intramedullary tumors of the cord in middle age (40-60 years of age). Myxopapillary ependymomas are low-incidence tumors and occur in the cauda equina and conus medullaris. They are typically described as fleshy, sausage-shaped, vascular lesions. CASE DESCRIPTION: In this report, we present a 36-year-old woman who was seen in another hospital with complaints of back pain radiating into both legs 5 years ago. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations revealed a lesion releated to the spinal cord. At that point, the patient refused the proposed surgical treatment. Five years later, the patient was referred to our clinic with advancement of the complaint to paraparesis. The new MRI showed an intradural mass at the level of T11 and S1. We performed a total intradural tumor resection. Histopathologic examination revealed a myxopapillary ependymoma. CONCLUSIONS: Myxopapillary ependymomas grow slowly and are well defined by MRI. Advancements in radiologic technology and surgical equipment have allowed this tumor type to be treated successfully. Unfortunately, if untreated, these lesions have poor prognosis and result in clinical symptoms such as paraparesis. Surgical treatment of these lesions using total resection was performed total resection and was associated with an excellent postoperative outcome. We highlight the natural course of myxopapillary ependymomas.
Assuntos
Ependimoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Ependimoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/cirurgia , Adulto , Dor nas Costas/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor nas Costas/etiologia , Dor nas Costas/patologia , Dor nas Costas/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Progressão da Doença , Ependimoma/complicações , Ependimoma/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Paraparesia/diagnóstico por imagem , Paraparesia/etiologia , Paraparesia/patologia , Paraparesia/cirurgia , Sacro , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/complicações , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/patologia , Vértebras TorácicasAssuntos
Ataxia/etiologia , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Paraparesia/etiologia , Compressão da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ataxia/patologia , Ataxia/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/patologia , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/cirurgia , Masculino , Microcirurgia , Exame Neurológico , Paraparesia/patologia , Paraparesia/cirurgia , Compressão da Medula Espinal/patologia , Compressão da Medula Espinal/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/patologia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Vértebras Torácicas/patologia , Vértebras Torácicas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Infantile Alexander disease is a rare progressive leukodystrophy caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the (GFAP) gene typically presenting with psychomotor retardation, progressive macrocephaly and refractory epilepsy. Neuroradiological hallmarks are extensive white matter lesions with frontal preponderance as well as signal intensity changes of basal ganglia and medulla oblongata with variable contrast enhancement. Here, we report an atypical manifestation in a 21-month-old boy presenting with flaccid paraparesis and areflexia. Cognitive, visual as well as fine motor skills and muscular strength of the upper extremities were appropriate for age. Weight and height as well as head circumference were within normal range. Clinical or electroencephalographic signs of seizures were absent. Cranial MRI demonstrated bifrontal cystic tumorous lesions with partial contrast rims, as well as space-occupying focal lesions of the caudate nuclei. Spinal MRI revealed swelling of the lumbar and cervical spinal cord. CSF and blood chemistry showed normal results. Histopathology of a subcortical lesion showed large amounts of Rosenthal fibers and protein droplets characteristic of Alexander disease. Sequencing detected a heterozygous mutation of the GFAP gene (c.205Gâ¯>â¯A; p.(Glu69Lys)) that has been reported before as probably pathogenetic in another case of lower spinal involvement. This well documented case draws attention to atypical spinal manifestations of Alexander disease and gives histopathological proof of the pathogenetic role of a rare GFAP mutation with marked spinal involvement.
Assuntos
Doença de Alexander/genética , Doença de Alexander/patologia , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/genética , Mutação , Paraparesia/genética , Paraparesia/patologia , Doença de Alexander/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Paraparesia/diagnóstico por imagem , Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagemAssuntos
Angiomatose/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico por imagem , Paraparesia/veterinária , Angiomatose/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiomatose/patologia , Animais , Remodelação Óssea , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Doenças do Gato/cirurgia , Gatos , Masculino , Paraparesia/diagnóstico por imagem , Paraparesia/patologia , Paraparesia/cirurgia , Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Coluna Vertebral/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Encefalite/imunologia , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Glicoproteína Mielina-Oligodendrócito/imunologia , Paraparesia/imunologia , Biópsia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Encefalite/diagnóstico por imagem , Encefalite/tratamento farmacológico , Encefalite/patologia , Lobo Frontal/patologia , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraparesia/diagnóstico por imagem , Paraparesia/tratamento farmacológico , Paraparesia/patologia , Prednisolona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Vertebral brown tumors are rare, non-neoplastic bone lesions that occur in the setting of hyperparathyroidism. There are differences in the management of them in the literature. Because brown tumors usually resolve after a parathyroidectomy. We present a case of a thoracic vertebral brown tumor with paraparesis.
Assuntos
Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Osteíte Fibrosa Cística/complicações , Paraparesia/etiologia , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/complicações , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/complicações , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Osteíte Fibrosa Cística/patologia , Paraparesia/patologia , Paratireoidectomia/métodos , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/patologia , Vértebras Torácicas/patologiaAssuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Plexo Lombossacral/patologia , Meningite/diagnóstico , Paraparesia/diagnóstico , Radiculopatia/diagnóstico , Tifo por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Administração Intravenosa , Cloranfenicol/uso terapêutico , Febre , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Meningite/tratamento farmacológico , Meningite/microbiologia , Meningite/patologia , Orientia tsutsugamushi/efeitos dos fármacos , Orientia tsutsugamushi/imunologia , Orientia tsutsugamushi/isolamento & purificação , Paraparesia/tratamento farmacológico , Paraparesia/microbiologia , Paraparesia/patologia , Radiculopatia/tratamento farmacológico , Radiculopatia/microbiologia , Radiculopatia/patologia , Tifo por Ácaros/tratamento farmacológico , Tifo por Ácaros/microbiologia , Tifo por Ácaros/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a well-known complication resulting from warfarin use; however, warfarin-associated intraspinal hematoma is very rare. Warfarin-associated intraspinal hematoma may exhibit delayed progression, and patients may present with atypical symptoms, occasionally resulting in delayed diagnosis. We report the case of a 65-year-old man who visited our emergency department (ED) with acute urinary retention. He had been previously diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and he used warfarin for the prevention of systemic embolism. The patient was initially diagnosed with worsening of the prostatic hyperplasia. After 2 days, he revisited the ED with painless paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine revealed an intraspinal hematoma at Th7-8, and blood coagulation tests indicated a prothrombin time-international normalized ratio of 3.33. Despite attempts to reverse the effects of warfarin with vitamin K administration, the paraparesis progressed to paraplegia, necessitating urgent surgical removal of the hematoma. Partial recovery of motor function was evident after surgery. From the present case, we learned that intraspinal hematoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients using warfarin who present with acute urinary retention. Although there are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for warfarin-associated intraspinal hematoma, surgical treatment may be warranted for those who exhibit neurological deterioration.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Hematoma Epidural Espinal/diagnóstico , Paraparesia/diagnóstico , Retenção Urinária/diagnóstico , Varfarina/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Tardio , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Progressão da Doença , Hematoma Epidural Espinal/induzido quimicamente , Hematoma Epidural Espinal/complicações , Hematoma Epidural Espinal/cirurgia , Humanos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado , Masculino , Paraparesia/etiologia , Paraparesia/patologia , Paraparesia/cirurgia , Hiperplasia Prostática/fisiopatologia , Tempo de Protrombina , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Retenção Urinária/induzido quimicamente , Retenção Urinária/complicações , Retenção Urinária/cirurgiaAssuntos
Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Gatos , Soluções Cristaloides , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Soluções Isotônicas/uso terapêutico , Laminectomia/métodos , Laminectomia/veterinária , Masculino , Meloxicam , Paraparesia/diagnóstico , Paraparesia/patologia , Paraparesia/veterinária , Tiazinas/administração & dosagem , Tiazinas/uso terapêutico , Tiazóis/administração & dosagem , Tiazóis/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Acute aortic syndrome complicated by both ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and spinal ischemia is exceedingly rare. We herein report the case of a 66-year-old man who presented with paraparesis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI. He was found to have an intramural hematoma of the ascending aorta and a severe dissection in the descending aorta, which led to both STEMI and paraparesis.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Síndromes do Arco Aórtico/complicações , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Isquemia/etiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Paraparesia/etiologia , Coluna Vertebral/irrigação sanguínea , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Aorta/patologia , Aorta Torácica/patologia , Síndromes do Arco Aórtico/fisiopatologia , Síndromes do Arco Aórtico/terapia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Paraparesia/patologia , Paraparesia/reabilitação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVE: To describe the presentation of compressive paraparesis as a result of thoracic rib hemangioma in a young adult and its nonsurgical management. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Hemangiomas are rare bone tumors and those arising from rib are rarer. Only about 50 such cases have been reported in literature so far. METHODS: A 21-year-old male student, presented to us with a 6-week history of progressive weakness in both lower limbs and loss of bowel bladder control. Patient gave history of being operated for left periscapular tumor treated with wide excision and proven with biopsy to be a hemangioendothelioma (benign but locally aggressive hemangioma variant) a year ago. RESULTS: New radiograph of the chest showed an expansile lesion of left fifth rib and magnetic resonance image showed a tumor of left dorsal thoracic wall with AV malformation causing compressive thoracic myelopathy at T5 level vertebrae. We planned for immediate decompression surgery for spine along with excision of tumor with the help of a thoracic surgeon. However, on preoperative digital subtraction angiography, the tumor was found to be highly vascular with high risk of intraoperative bleeding and morbidity. So, the plan was revised and the patient underwent digital subtraction angiography, followed by embolization by an expert interventional neurosurgeon. The patient showed signs of recovery within a week. Lower limb power improved from grade 2 to 3/5 to grade 4 to 4+/5. The patient became ambulatory with single stick at 3-month follow-up; he was a nonwalker to start with. At 2 years plus follow-up, the patient fully recovered and walks without stick. CONCLUSION: This unique case brings to light the dilemma a spine surgeon sometimes faces. A case that warranted immediate surgical intervention based on clinical findings was treated with interventional fibrin glue embolizations with excellent results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Hemangioma/terapia , Paraparesia/terapia , Costelas/patologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/complicações , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Hemangioma/complicações , Hemangioma/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Paraparesia/etiologia , Paraparesia/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We report on Japanese patients who showed neurological deterioration induced by sitting after cervicothoracic posterior decompression with instrumented fusion, but showed immediate neurological recovery after bed rest. CASE PRESENTATION: Patients showed incomplete paraparesis caused by the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at uppermost thoracic spine. Cervicothoracic posterior decompression with instrumented fusion was performed. Postoperatively, the patients showed partial paraparesis when they were sitting. They showed rapid recovery from lower extremity paralysis upon lying down. After strict bed rest for one month, those patients showed no apparent development of paralysis during sitting. CONCLUSION: In patients with postoperative residual anterior spinal cord compression, micromotion might exacerbate neurological symptoms.
Assuntos
Ligamentos Longitudinais/cirurgia , Ossificação do Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/complicações , Paraparesia/terapia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Compressão da Medula Espinal/complicações , Fusão Vertebral , Adulto , Idoso , Repouso em Cama , Descompressão Cirúrgica/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Ligamentos Longitudinais/inervação , Ligamentos Longitudinais/patologia , Masculino , Ossificação do Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/patologia , Ossificação do Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/cirurgia , Paraparesia/etiologia , Paraparesia/patologia , Período Pós-Operatório , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Compressão da Medula Espinal/patologia , Compressão da Medula Espinal/cirurgiaRESUMO
A 15-year-old female California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) with progressive lameness of the hindlimbs and a chronic skin lesion was presented for clinical examination. The clinical neurological examination, showing a paraparesis, was completed by magnetic resonance imaging. MR images of the cervical and thoracic spine showed a well-defined muscle infiltrating lesion between the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) and the second thoracic vertebra (T2), which extended through the intervertebral foramina between C7 and T1 into the vertebral canal, causing spinal cord compression and displacement. Pathological examination revealed focal purulent meningitis resulting from widespread fistulas of the chronic skin leasion, which was infected with Escherichia coli var. haemolytica and Clostridium perfringens.