A near-infrared ratiometric/turn-on fluorescent probe for in vivo imaging of hydrogen peroxide in a murine model of acute inflammation.

Much attention has been paid to develop optical probes for noninvasive, quantitative, in vivo monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) due to its important roles in the initiation and development of numerous diseases. Motivated to meet this need, we herein report the synthesis of a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (AB1) for H2O2 by modulating intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of the dye 9H-1,3-Dichloro-7-hydroxy-9,9-dimethylacridine-2-one (DDAO). The probe AB1 exhibits both a large NIR fluorescence turn-on and a ratiometric response to H2O2 with high sensitivity and specificity. The fluorescence response of AB1 has a good linear relationship with H2O2 over a wide concentration range from 1 µM to 100 µM, thus affording a detection limit of 0.42 µM. Confocal microscopic experiments demonstrated that AB1 could ratiometrically detect exogenous and endogenous H2O2 in living cells. Moreover, owing to the NIR emission of DDAO, the probe was also utilized to image endogenous H2O2 from the peritoneal cavity in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation, based on the fluorescence turn-on mode. This new probe shows great potential as a reliable chemical tool to study the development and progression of H2O2-associated diseases in living animals.

Bilateral xanthogranulomatous perinephritis without renal parenchymal involvement.

A case of isolated bilateral xanthogranulomatous perinephritis, which presented as a symmetrical irregular perirenal rim of soft tissue, is reported. Differential diagnosis and image features on ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance are discussed.

Acute ureterolithiasis: nonenhanced helical CT findings of perinephric edema for prediction of degree of ureteral obstruction.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the extent of perinephric edema on helical computed tomographic (CT) images without contrast material enhancement can be used to predict the degree of ureteral obstruction in patients with acute ureterolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nonenhanced helical CT and excretory urographic images in 82 patients with flank pain were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, a radiologic diagnosis was established, and the degree of ureteral obstruction determined on urograms was compared with the extent of perinephric edema assessed on CT images. RESULTS: None of 29 patients with no abnormalities seen at urography had evidence of perinephric edema at CT. Of six patients with noncalculous disease, two with acute pyelonephritis had perinephric edema at CT. Of 47 patients with acute ureterolithiasis, eight had no perinephric edema at CT and a nonobstructing calculus at urography, 21 had limited edema at CT and low-grade obstruction at urography, and 15 had extensive edema at CT and high-grade obstruction at urography. Three patients had extensive perinephric edema at CT but low-grade obstruction at urography. The extent of edema allowed accurate prediction of the degree of ureteral obstruction in 44 (94%) of 47 patients with acute ureterolithiasis. CONCLUSION: The extent of perinephric edema on nonenhanced helical CT images can be used to predict the degree of ureteral obstruction in acute ureterolithiasis.

Perinephric pseudocysts in the cat: a retrospective study and review of the literature.

Perinephric pseudocysts (PNPs) are fluid-filled fibrous sacs that surround the kidney and are not lined by an epithelium. In cats, PNPs are idiopathic, but they usually occur in association with chronic renal failure (CRF). Thirteen cats with PNPs were examined. PNPs occurred in mixed breed cats of either sex with a median age of 16 years. The PNP was palpable on physical examination and usually was interpreted as renomegaly. Clinicopathologic findings reflected CRF, and urinary tract infection was common. Rarely, a primary renal disease was diagnosed concurrent with PNPs and CRF. Diagnosis of PNPs was made by ultrasound examination and fine-needle aspiration, and treatment was by surgical removal of the PNP or ultrasound-guided drainage. Compared to previous reports of PNPs, this series of cats tended to be older and no sex predilection was found, but other findings were similar to those in the literature. Cats with PNPs may have a favorable prognosis if CRF is not severe and no other concurrent diseases are present.

[Emphysematous pyelonephritis and perinephritis]. / Pyélonéphrite et périnéphrite emphysémateuses.

The authors report an eighth case of emphysematous perinephritis and a new case of emphysematous pyelonephritis. The general features of these two diseases and their similarities are described: middle aged diabetic women, clinical picture of sepsis, gas images projected over the renal area with delayed excretion on intravenous pyelography, computed tomography reveals the exact site of the emphysematous images (perinephritic and or intraparenchymal). Emphysematous perinephritis may be an early form of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Surgical drainage of the renal compartment allows conservative management at this early stage.

[Tomodensitometry in the diagnosis of perinephritic phlegmon]. / Apport de la tomodensitométrie dans le diagnostic des phlegmons périnéphrétiques.

Twenty-nine patients with perinephric abscess were treated during the last 15 years. Twenty-seven abscesses were cured by drainage performed as soon as the diagnosis has been made. One patient died from septicemia in spite of the treatment. One patient died because the correct diagnosis was not revealed until the autopsy. Ten patients had a nephrectomy performed on them later on. Staphylococcus and gram negative bacilli were equally isolated. Stones were present in twenty patients. Eleven patients were diabetic. The clinical picture is not always clear, and diagnosis might be difficult. The different radiological signs help to reach a correct and prompt diagnosis. To these classical signs we can add during these last years Gallium-67 radionuclide studies, ultrasound and computerized tomography, each of these having its indication and usefulness.

[Colonic changes in perinephritis. Value of double contrast examinations (author's transl)]. / Expression colique des périnéphrites. Valeur de la technique d'exploration en double contraste.

The differential diagnosis of cancer and abscesses of the kidneys with perinephritic inflammatory masses is sometimes difficult. In these cases, radiological examination of the colon can be of great value by demonstrating the presence of inflammatory colonic perivisceritis. Double contrast examination can reveal the presence, not only of an inflammatory type of narrowing, but characteristic changes in the mucous folds of the transverse "in palisade" type with thickening extending throughout the circumference of the colon. These appearances are totally different from those observed in malignant colonic perivisceritis. The use of double contrast examination of the colon, in cases of renal masses and associated fever, can enable the choice to be made of an adequate route of approach (lumbotomy), of it demonstrates the characteristic appearances of inflammatory perivisceritis.

Perinephric abscess in patients with polycystic kidney disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis.

5 patients with polycystic kidney disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis who developed perinephric abscesses are described. Gallium-67 scintigraphy was helpful in making a diagnosis in 2 of these patients. All 5 patients initially presented with urinary tract infections. Perinephric abscess became evident over a variable period of time (2--28 days) following completion of antibiotic therapy for their urinary tract infection. Gallium-67 scintigraphy appears useful in detecting this complication, and nephrectomy should be considered once the diagnosis is confirmed.