Travestis e Transexuais no Brasil: Memórias de Luta e Resistência / Travestis and Transexuals in Brazil: Memories of Fight and Resistance

As reflexões do artigo são resultado de uma pesquisa de mestrado realizada no Brasil, nos anos 2015-2018, abordando a luta histórica de travestis e transexuais femininas no espaço do ativis-mo. Desvendamos as práticas sociais, táticas e estratégias, tendo como foco as conquistas de espaço social e político, como a luta pela visibilidade das principais pautas do movimento trans organizado. Percorremos um caminho que abrange temporalidades diferentes. Resgatamos a importância das precursoras que contribuíram com a visibilidade da luta desde 1970. Na se-quência, abordamos um breve recorte histórico do movimento LGBT brasileiro, com a partici-pação ativista de travestis e transexuais, no marco referencial de 1990 até 2016. Por fim, cole-tamos no período de 2014 até 2016, narrativas de travestis e transexuais da cidade do Recife, nordeste do Brasil, viabilizada através de entrevistas que demonstram a continuação do legado da resistência a toda forma de violação de direitos. (AU)

The reflections of the article are the result of a master's research conducted in Brazil, in the years 2015-2018, addressing the historical struggle of female transvestites and transsexuals in the space of activism in the years 2015-2018, addressing the historical struggle of female transvestites and transsexuals in the space of activism. We unveil the social practices, tactics and strategies, focusing on the conquests of social and political space, such as the struggle for visibility of the main agendas of the organized trans movement. We follow a path that covers different temporalities. We rescue the importance of the precursors who contributed to the visibility of the struggle since 1970. Next, we address a brief historical cut of the Brazilian LGBT movement, with the activist participation of transvestites and transsexuals, in the frame of reference from 1990 to 2016. Finally, in the period from 2014 to 2016, we collected narratives of transvestites and transsexuals from the city of Recife, northeastern Brazil, made possible through interviews that demonstrate the continuation of the legacy of resistance to all forms of rights violation. (AU)

Melancholia Scytharum: the early modern psychiatry of transgender identification.

Herodotus's enigmatic Scythian theleia nousos/morbus femininus and its Hippocratic interpretation interested many early modern authors. Its seeming dimension of transgender identification invited various medico-psychological and psychiatric reflections, culminating in nosologist de Sauvages' tentative 1731 term, melancholia Scytharum. This article identifies pertinent discussions and what turn out to have been entangled, tentative psychologizations in late-seventeenth through mid-nineteenth-century mental medicine: of 'effeminacy of manners' (mollities animi such as observed in London's Beaux and mollies) and male homosexuality (amour antiphysique/grec); of the mental masculinity of some women (viragines, Amazones); of ubiquitous attributions of impotence to sorcery (anaphrodisia magica); and lastly, of transfeminine persons encountered throughout the New World and increasingly beyond.

Content analysis of psychological research with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people of color in the United States: 1969-2018.

This article updates previous content analyses that identified a relative paucity of U.S.-based psychological research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people of color by extending the period covered to 2018. In addition to documenting how many such studies occurred and when, it considers the research questions asked, funding sources, impact, and journal outlets. This richer description of this research area allowed us to describe historically not only when LGBT people of color in the United States were studied but why they were studied, which journals published this work, and which published studies were most influential. We found that the literature starts in 1988 for LGB people of color and in 2009 for transgender people of color and that a significant shift occurred in 2009, with the majority of the articles being published in the last 10 years. Findings suggest that U.S. federal funding and support for LGBT research as well as divisions of the American Psychological Association focused on minoritized identities and their journals played a role in the recent increase. Half of the studies investigated psychological symptoms, and more than a third of studied experiences and psychological processes related to holding multiple minority statuses, many of which focused on potentially deleterious aspects of these identities. These findings indicate that this literature has a significant focus on pathology. Underrepresented groups included cisgender and transgender women; transgender men; older individuals; Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders; American Indians and Alaska Natives; and multiracial individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The evolution of transgender surgery.

An estimated 1.4% of the population worldwide has been diagnosed with Gender Dysphoria, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Gender reassignment, which holistically encompasses psychotherapy, hormonal therapy and genital and nongenital surgeries, is considered the most effective treatment for transgender nonconforming patients afflicted with gender dysphoria. Little research is currently available identifying the psychosocial needs of the transgender population and their access to preventative and primary care during this transitioning process. This article presents an overview of the evolution and current approaches to genital surgical procedures available for both male-to-female, as well as female-to-male gender-affirmation surgeries. Clin. Anat. 31:878-886, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Preserving the reproductive potential of transgender and intersex people.

BACKGROUND: The bodies of some transgender and intersex people have been mutilated and their minds subjected to immense distress. Their gender has often been determined by others. Loss of fertility used to be considered an inevitable consequence of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To review the issue of preserving the reproductive potential of transgender and intersex people. METHODS: A narrative review based on a wide-ranging search of the literature in multiple disciplines. RESULTS: Major technological advances have facilitated reproduction for transgender and intersex people in the last few years. A majority of trans-adults believe that fertility preservation should be offered to them. Deferment of surgery for intersex people is often best practice; gonadectomy in infancy closes off fertility options and determines a gender they may later regret. CONCLUSIONS: Transgender and intersex people should be able to consent to or decline treatment, especially radical surgery, themselves. Preservation of reproductive potential and sexual function must be given a high priority. Treatment by multidisciplinary teams can provide a strong emphasis on mental health and well-being. Detailed information about options, an absence of any coercion and enough time are all needed in order to make complex, life-changing decisions.

Pathological, Disabled, Transgender: The Ethics, History, Laws, and Contradictions in Models that Best Serve Transgender Rights.

This article addresses the precarious place of transgender and gender non-cis persons in relation to their discrimination-protections in recent legal, medical, and ethical policies in the United States. At present, there exists a contradiction such that trans persons are considered "pathological" enough that they are included in the latest iteration of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-V) as "gender dysphoric," but they are not included in the category of "disabled" under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). As such, trans persons in America are subject to the stigma of pathology (albeit with medical treatment) without the full protections of the ADA. By contrast, transgender and non-cis-gender Americans find their queer cohorts who are HIV-positive to be fully protected by the ADA. We ask whether transgender and non-cis-gender persons should embrace their (already pathologized) personhood as a disability. Sometimes "choosing disability" affords more rights than it deploys stigma.

The subjective cut: sex reassignment surgery in 1960s and 1970s science fiction.

This article considers the way in which ethical concerns about sex reassignment surgery and especially the research and clinical practice of the sexologist Dr John Money (1921-2006) is being negotiated in the 1960s and 1970s novels Myra Breckinridge and Myron by Gore Vidal and The Passion of New Eve by Angela Carter. Drawing on the theories of gender and embodiment developed by Money, the article reads the novels as a critical response and discursive interaction with emergent sexological concepts.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Transgender Women After Secondary Intestinal Vaginoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal vaginoplasty with a sigmoid colon or ileal segment is an established surgical technique for vaginal reconstruction. Little has been reported on long-term (functional) outcome and postoperative quality of life. AIMS: To assess the surgical and long-term psychological outcomes of secondary intestinal vaginoplasty performed from 1970 through 2000 in transgender women. METHODS: Transgender women who underwent intestinal vaginoplasty from 1970 through 2000 were identified from our hospital registry. Demographics, surgical characteristics, complications, and reoperations were recorded. Traceable women were invited to fill out a set of questionnaires (quality-of-life questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index, Amsterdam Hyperactive Pelvic Floor Scale for Women, Female Genital Self-Imaging Scale, and self-evaluation of vaginoplasty questionnaire) and attend the outpatient clinic for physical, endoscopic, and histologic examination of the neovagina. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were complications, reoperations, self-perceived quality of life, and functional and esthetic self-evaluation. RESULTS: Twenty-four transgender women were identified who underwent intestinal vaginoplasty as a secondary procedure from 1970 through 2000. There were no intraoperative complications. Three intestinal neovaginas were surgically removed because of postoperative complications. Nineteen women (79%) underwent at least one genital reoperation, most commonly introitus plasty (n = 13, 54%). Five women were deceased at time of analysis. Nine women consented to partake in the study (median age = 58 years, range = 50-73; median postoperative time = 29.6 years, range = 17.2-34.3). They were generally satisfied with life and scored 5.9 of 7 on a subjective happiness scale. Neovaginal functionality was rated as 7.3 and appearance as 7.4 of 10. CONCLUSION: In our institution, intestinal vaginoplasty before 2000 was always performed as a revision procedure after a previous vaginoplasty had failed. Although surgical corrections were frequently necessary, women reported satisfaction with the surgical outcome and with life in general.

It is more than sex and clothes: Culturally safe services for older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people.

This paper outlines the development of culturally safe services for older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. It draws on a framework for cultural safety, developed in New Zealand which incorporates an understanding of how history, culture and power imbalances influence the relationship between service providers and Maori people. This has been adapted to the needs of older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex Australians.

Em direito a um futuro trans?: contribuição para a história do movimento de travestis e transexuais no Brasil / ¿Rumbo a un futuro trans?: contribuciones a una historia del movimiento de travestis y transexuales en Brasil / Towards a Trans future?: contributions to a history of the travesti and transsexual movement on Brasil

Buscamos neste artigo reconstruir uma história do movimento social de travestis e transexuais no Brasil a partir dos relatos de suas lideranças. Partindo da emergência da "travesti" como categoria identitária, relatamos o surgimento das primeiras organizações, com destaque para suas conexões com as políticas de enfrentamento à epidemia da AIDS. Tratamos também de dois processos de disputa que foram cruciais para a configuração do movimento no Brasil: a luta pela inclusão de travestis no emergente movimento homossexual dos anos 1980-1990, e o embate mais recente em torno dos sentidos e dos usos das categorias "travesti" e "transexual".

Este artículo procura reconstruir, a través de los relatos de sus líderes, una historia del movimiento social de travestis y transexuales en Brasil. A partir de la emergencia de la "travesti" como categoría identitaria, se narra el surgimiento de las primeras organizaciones, destacando sus conexiones con las políticas de combate a la epidemia del SIDA. Se abordan asimismo dos procesos de disputa que fueron cruciales para la configuración de este movimiento en Brasil: la lucha por la inclusión de travestis en el movimiento homosexual emergente de los años 1980-1990, y el debate reciente en torno de los sentidos y usos de las categorías "travesti" y "transexual".

This article the history of the travestis and transexuais social movement in Brazil, based on narratives by its leaders. Starting with the emergence of "travesti" as an identity category, we discuss the emergence of pioneer organizations, and highlight their connections with public policy on the AIDS epidemic. We also explore two disputes which were crucial to the organization of this movement in Brazil: the struggle for the inclusion of travestis in the emerging homosexual movement in 1980 and 1990 decades, and the more recent controversies around the meanings and uses of the categories "travesti" and "transexual".

If we ask, what they might tell: clinical assessment lessons from LGBT military personnel post-DADT.

Following repeal of the Don't Ask Don't Tell Policy, nearly one million lesbian, gay, and bisexual veterans and service members may increasingly seek access to Veterans Affairs services (G. Gates, 2004; G. J. Gates, 2010). Limited data exist regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) military personnel posing a unique challenge to clinicians and healthcare systems serving veterans with evidence-based and culturally relevant practice. In an effort to fill this information void, participatory program evaluation is used to inform recommendations for LGBT-affirmative health care systems change in a post-DADT world.