An Uncommon Complication of Emphysematous Cystitis and Pyelitis.

Psoas muscle abscesses associated with emphysematous urinary tract infections are rare. There are not many case reports about urinary tract infections such as emphysematous pyelitis and emphysematous cystitis complicating psoas muscle abscesses. Here, we report a case of an ipsilateral psoas muscle abscess following emphysematous cystitis and emphysematous pyelitis in an 81-year-old diabetic man. He was treated with prolonged antibiotic therapy and other supportive care.

Corynebacterium urealyticum: aumento de la incidencia de infección y uropatía incrustante / Corinebacterium urealyticum: increased incidence of infection and encrusted uropathy

Introducción: Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU) afecta a pacientes inmunodeprimidos, crónicos o multioperados. La uropatía incrustante (UI) representa una complicación de la infección. Objetivo del estudio: demostrar el aumento creciente de casos de infección por CU y UI en los últimos 5 años. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de pacientes urológicos con urocultivo positivo a CU (enero de 2009-diciembre de 2014). Cálculo de distribución anual y características clínicas de infección por CU y UI. Seguimiento mínimo: 6 meses. Obtención de medias y rangos estadísticos de parámetros clínicos pre/postratamiento. Resultados: Total de pacientes con CU: 115 (hombres 87: mujeres 28). Edad: 67,9 años (rango 6-95). Distribución anual (casos) 2009: 9 (7,8%), 2010: 13 (11,3%), 2011: 9 (7,8%), 2012: 20 (17,4%), 2013: 31 (27%), 2014: 33 (28,7%). Incremento 2009-2014: 300%. Cirugía urológica múltiple: 89 casos (77,3%). Complicaciones quirúrgicas: 77 casos (66,9%). Pacientes con UI: 18 casos (15,6%) (hombres 13: mujeres 5): pielitis 12 (66,7%), cistopatía 3 (16,6%), prostatic capsule disease 2 (11,2%), calcificación de la malla uno (5,5%). Análisis de 18 casos con UI: PH orina pre/postantibiótico: 8 (r = 6-9) vs 6 (r = 5-7). Cultivo negativo postantibiótico: 100%. Aplicación de solución acidificante: 5 casos. Cirugía: 13 casos (72,2%). Resultados pre/postratamiento multimodal: insuficiencia renal: 12 (66,6%) vs 9 (50%), filtrado glomerular (FG): 45,8 (r = 6- > 90) vs 52,7 (r = 13- > 90). Mejoría del FG: 6,94 puntos (T Wilcoxon p = 0,102). Radiología (incrustaciones): mejoría 13 (72,2%), igual 5 (27,8%). No mortalidad específica por CU. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de infección por CU y la UI está aumentando. El tratamiento antibiótico es muy eficaz. Las soluciones acidificantes son una opción aceptable para reducir calcificaciones

Introduction: Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU) affects patients who are immunosuppressed, chronically ill or have undergone numerous operations. Obstructive uropathy (OU) is a complication of infection. Study objective: To demonstrate the growing increase in cases of infection by CU and OU in the past 5 years. Material and methods: A descriptive study was conducted of urological patients with CU-positive urine cultures (January 2009-December 2014). We calculated the annual distribution and clinical characteristics of infection by CU and OU. Minimum follow-up: 6 months. We obtained the statistical means and ranges of clinical parameters pre/post-therapy. Results: The total number of patients with CU was 115 (men, 87; women, 28). The mean age was 67.9 years (range, 6-95 years), and the annual distribution of cases for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 was 9 (7.8%), 13 (11.3%), 9 (7.8%), 20 (17.4%), 31 (27%) and 33 (28.7%), respectively. The increase in cases for 2009-2014 was 300%. Multiple urological surgeries were performed in 89 cases (77.3%), with surgical complications in 77 cases (66.9%). Eighteen (15.6%) patients had OU (men, 13; women, 5), 12 had pyelitis (66.7%), 3 had cystopathy (16.6%), 2 had prostatic capsule disease (11.2%) and 1 had mesh calcification (5.5%). The analysis of the 18 cases with OU showed pre/postantibiotic therapy urine pHs of 8 (r, 6-9) vs. 6 (r, 5-7). All postantibiotic cultures were negative. Acidifying solution was applied in 5 cases, and surgery was performed in 13 cases (72.2%). The results from before/after the multimodal therapy showed renal impairment in 12 (66.6%) vs. 9 cases (50%) and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) of 45.8 (r, 6- > 90) vs. 52.7 (r, 13- > 90). The improvement in GFR was 6.94 points (T Wilcoxon; P = .102). The radiology results (incrustations) showed improvement in 13 patients (72.2%) and no change in 5 (27.8%). There was no specific mortality for CU. Conclusions: The prevalence of infection by CU and OU is increasing. Antibiotic treatment is highly effective. Acidifying solutions are an acceptable option for reducing calcifications

Uropatía incrustante por Corynebacterium urealiticum: comentarios a partir de tres casos clínicos / Fouling uropathy by Corynebacterium urealyticum: Comments from three clinical cases

La uropatía incrustante es una enfermedad infecciosa del tracto urinario causada por la bacteria urealítica Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU). En nuestra serie (datos no publicados) sólo el 15% de las infecciones por CU produce uropatía incrustante. La formación de incrustaciones de estruvita y apatita en la pared del urotelio puede afectar a pelvis renal (pielitis), uréter, vejiga (cistopatía) y próstata, incluyendo la celda prostática después de resección ("celdopatía"). La pielitis es la más frecuente. La clínica corresponde a la triada orina alcalina, piuria y cristaluria de estruvita. Los pacientes suelen ser inmunodeprimidos o multioperados. El cultivo de orina debe estar dirigido al diagnóstico de CU. La TC es la prueba de imagen de elección. Muestra típicas imágenes de calcificación laminar. El tratamiento de la uropatía incrustante es multimodal. Incluye antibioterapia, acidificación de la orina y cirugía (algunos casos) (AU)

The encrustant uropathy is an infectious disease of the urinary tract caused by urealithic bacteria Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU). In our series (unpublished data) only 15% of CU infections caused encrustant uropathy. Formation of apatite and struvite on the wall of the urothelium can affect renal pelvis (pyelitis), urether, bladder (cystophatie) and prostate, including prostate cell after resection ("cellpathy"). Pyelitis is the most common. Clinical triad corresponds to alkaline urine, pyuria and struvite crystalluria. Patients are usually immunocompromised or or multiple previous surgeries. Urine culture should be directed to the diagnosis of UC. CT is the imaging test of choice. Shows typical images of laminar calcification. Treatment of encrusted uro pathy is multimodal. Includes antibiotics, acidification of urine and surgery (sometimes) (AU)

Bilateral emphysematous pyelitis: a rare encounter in urology.

Gas-forming infection of the kidneys can affect either the parenchyma or the collecting system. They are known as emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and emphysematous pyelitis (EP) respectively. Bilateral EPN is a fairly established entity and numerous articles about this condition have been published. However, much less is known about bilateral EP. We report a rare case of bilateral EP and a literature review of this disease. A 66-year-old woman with long-standing bilateral staghorn calculi presented with bilateral EP and severe sepsis. She was treated with antibiotics and bilateral double-J stents to drain the upper urinary tracts. She recovered after 1 month of intensive care and medical therapy. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) had been scheduled to treat her staghorn calculi. A literature search on MEDLINE and Google Scholar with the terms "bilateral emphysematous pyelitis" only found 1 case report in English and another 2 reports in the Korean language that discussed bilateral EP. The collective experience of these few cases, including the present case, suggests that bilateral EP runs a more benign course than bilateral EPN. It should be diagnosed as soon as possible with computed tomography (CT) scans of the renal system. Current evidence shows that can be treated successfully with timely antibiotics. Drainage of the collecting system either percutaneously or with placement of double-J stents might facilitate recovery.

Pielite enfisematosa unilateral: relato de caso / Unilateral emphysematous pyelitis: case report

The present report describes the case of a 22-year-old female patient admitted to the emergency room with acute low back pain, dysuria, vomiting and fever (38.5ºC). Urinalysis and computed tomography findings revealed urinary tract infection associated with presence of gas in the collecting system, characterizing unilateral emphysematous pyelitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The present case report emphasizes the occurrence of this disease as a urinary tract infection complication.

Relata-se um caso de paciente de 22 anos de idade, gênero feminino, que foi admitida no pronto-socorro com lombalgia aguda, disúria, vômitos e febre (38,5ºC). Os achados de exames de urina e tomografia computadorizada demonstraram infecção no trato urinário associada a gás no sistema coletor, configurando pielite enfisematosa unilateral por Gram-negativo. O presente relato enfatiza a ocorrência deste agravo como complicação de infecção no trato urinário.

Emphysematous urinoma as a complication of emphysematous pyelitis in a healthy adult male.

Emphysematous pyelitis and urinomas are independently rare conditions. The former is a severe necrotizing infection involving the renal collecting system, the latter an encapsulated collection of urine in the perinephric or paraureteral space. An unusual case of emphysematous urinoma complicating emphysematous pyelitis in a healthy male adult is presented in this study.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (138). Emphysematous pyelitis.

We present the case of a 49-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus of ten years' duration. She presented to the emergency department with nonspecific left lower abdominal pain. Ultrasonography showed mild left renal hydronephrosis, but the cause was not demonstrated. Computed tomography (CT) showed a swollen left kidney with a mildly dilated collecting system containing gas and dense fluid, confirming the diagnosis of emphysematous pyelitis. Management consisted of emergency antegrade nephrostomy drainage and parenteral antibiotics. Subsequently, the patient made a good recovery and was well when discharged home after two weeks. Gas-forming infections of the genitourinary tract carry high mortality and morbidity, and usually occur in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Escherichia coli is the most common microorganism. This case emphasises the importance of CT in making an early diagnosis of emphysematous pyelitis, which allows prompt treatment and improves prognosis.

Pielitis enfisematosa: presentación de un caso / Emphysematous pyelitis: A case presentation

La pielitis enfisematosa se caracteriza por la presencia de gas en el sistema colector renal. Por considerarse una infección rara, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir las características clínicas presentes en una enferma con dicha entidad. Se trata de una paciente femenina, de 52 años de edad, con antecedentes personales de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, de 12 años de evolución que recibe Insulina NPH. Varias hospitalizaciones anteriores por pielonefritis. Ingresa por fiebre de 38 ºC y 39 ºC de cinco días de duración, dolor moderado en la fosa lumbar derecha, irradiado a la región suprapúbica, disuria, vómitos acuosos abundantes y toma del estado general. En la ecografía renal y la tomografía axial computadorizada (TAC) se comprobó la presencia de gas en el sistema colector del riñón derecho. Se aisló Escherichia Coli en el cultivo de la orina. El tratamiento fue médico, a base de Cefotaxime y Amikacina. La evolución fue satisfactoria, desde el punto de vista clínico, de las imágenes y microbiológico(AU)

The emphysematous pyelitis is characterized by the presence of gas in the collector renal system. Taking into consideration that this is a weird disease, the main objective of this research is to describe the clinical characteristics of a female patient with this entity. This 52 year -old –patient presented personal antecedents of diabetes mellitus type II with 12 years of evolution who received NPH insuline and was previously hopitalized with pyelonephritis. She was hospitalized with five days long fever, moderated pain in the lumbar right area, irradiated in the suprapubic region, dissuria, several acuous vomiting and taking of the general stage. In the renal echography and computerized axial tomography it was evidenced the presence of gas in the colecting system of the right kidney. The escherichia coli was isolated in the urine culture. There was applied a medical treatment with Cefotaxime and Amikacine. The evolution was satisfactory from the clinic, image and microbiological point of view(EU)

Emphysematous pyelitis: epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutive features.

AIM: Emphysematous pyelitis is an uncommon form of acute pyelonephritis. It has been reported sporadically in the literature. Our objective is to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of emphysematous pyelitis. METHODS: The data of six patients managed for emphysematous pyelitis were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age was 55 years. Urinary lithiasis and diabetes were the most common co-morbidities. Febrile lumbar pain and general health impairment were the presenting symptoms in five patients; the remaining case presented with septic shock. Urine and blood culture grew E. Coli in 4 and 3 cases respectively. Computed tomography of the abdomen led to diagnosis by showing gas images in the collecting system. Treatment consisted of antibiotics associated with collecting system drainage. It avoided emergent nephrectomy in all cases. The treatment of the calculi was held at distance from the infection. Nephrectomy was done in one patient presenting a thinned -- dedifferentiated -- renal parenchyma. Outcome was good. CONCLUSION: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare upper urinary tract infection. Risk factors include diabetes and urinary obstruction. The diagnosis is made by computed tomography. Efficient antibiotics administration associated with collecting system drainage allow soon recovery and avoid nephrectomy.

[Encrusted pyelitis: early diagnosis facilitates conservative management]. / Pyélite incrustante: un diagnostic précoce facilite la prise en charge conservatrice.

Diagnosis of encrusted pyelitis in predisposed patients is difficult. The bacteriology laboratory must be specifically asked to perform the appropriate tests. Computed tomography without injection is very important for diagnosis and follow-up. Conservative treatment is essential insofar as possible. Long-term follow-up is also necessary.