Assuntos
Modificação Corporal não Terapêutica/história , Técnicas Cosméticas/história , Orelha Externa , Modificação Corporal não Terapêutica/tendências , Piercing Corporal/história , Piercing Corporal/tendências , Técnicas Cosméticas/tendências , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , História Antiga , Humanos , Masculino , PeleRESUMO
The custom of wearing labrets has a long tradition. Labrets appeared independently several thousand years ago in various culture groups in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. Today, apart from diverse body modifications as increasingly practiced in western civilisations, lip plates and plugs are found among a small number of tribal groups only in Africa and Amazonia. We summarise the history of labrets in different societies, describe medical consequences of wearing lip plates and plugs for jaws and teeth and address relevant cultural issues.
Assuntos
Piercing Corporal/história , Características Culturais/história , África , Brasil , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , História Antiga , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The primitive anthropological meaning of genital ornamentation is not clearly defined and the origin of penile intervention for decorative purposes is lost in time. Corporeal decoration was practiced in the Upper Paleolithic period. We discuss the existing evidence on the practice of phallic piercing, scarring and tattooing in prehistory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the archaeological and artistic evidence regarding explicit genital male representations in portable art made in Europe approximately 38,000 to 11,000 years ago with special emphasis on decorations suggesting genital ornamentation. RESULTS: Archaeological evidence that has survived to our day includes 42 phallic pieces, of which 30 (71.4%) show intentional marks to a different extent with a probable decorative purpose. Of these ornamental elements 18 (60%) were recovered from the upper Magdalenian period (11,000 to 12,700 years ago) in France and Spain, and 23 (76.7%) belong to the category of perforated batons. Decorations show lines (70% of objects), plaques (26.7%), dots/holes (23.3%) or even human/animal forms (13.3%). These designs most probably represent skin scarification, cutting, piercing and tattooing. Notably there are some technical similarities between the motifs represented and some designs present in symbolic cave wall art. This evidence may show the anthropological origin of current male genital piercing and tattooing. CONCLUSIONS: European Paleolithic art shows decoration explicitly represented in a high proportion of portable art objects with a phallic form that have survived to our day. Decorative rituals of male genital tattooing, piercing and scarification may have been practiced during Paleolithic times.
Assuntos
Arte/história , Piercing Corporal/história , Cicatriz/história , Pênis , Tatuagem/história , História Antiga , Humanos , MasculinoAssuntos
Antropologia Cultural/história , Imagem Corporal , Piercing Corporal/história , Corpo Humano , Tatuagem/história , Sangue , França , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Motivação , SimbolismoRESUMO
At present tattoos and piercings can no longer be regarded as destructive acts of self mutilation practized by fringe groups. Body modifications (BMs) are found in virtually all preindustrial cultures and have their roots in ancient myths and magical rituals. The prevalence of tattoos and piercings in the German population is 8.5% and 6.8%, respectively. Unemployed young men and young women who do not live in a firm partnership show particularly high prevalences. The incidence of BMs correlates positively with the personality trait "sensation seeking", particularly in young women. BMs often serve to express individuality and identity, and they also reflect changed attitude towards the human body and body art as well as following fashion trends. However, BMs can also provide valuable diagnostic indications for identity search and risk taking behaviour.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Imagem Corporal , Piercing Corporal/psicologia , Piercing Corporal/estatística & dados numéricos , Características Culturais , Tatuagem/psicologia , Tatuagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Piercing Corporal/história , Alemanha/epidemiologia , História do Século XV , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Antiga , História Medieval , Humanos , Assunção de Riscos , Tatuagem/históriaRESUMO
The popularity of tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics demands up-to-date state legislation. The objective of this article is to present a historical perspective and nationwide review of current state regulations for body art. Methods comprised Internet and telephone inquiries to state agencies. It was found that while 36 states have changed their body art legislation since 1998, the overall strength of the regulations varies widely. The author concludes that it is unrealistic, given the amount of body art performed in the United States, to prohibit body art, emphasize only business licensing, or have limited state regulations while local municipalities establish separate policies. Concerns remain about standard precautions, adequate documentation of complications, and lack of uniform regulations. Quality protection will mean taking a more comprehensive approach to effective regulations and enforcement.
