Actividad citostática, citotóxica, antibacteriana y cicatrizante de extractos de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (pino macho) / Cytostatic, cytotoxic, antibacterial and healing activity of extracts from Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (male pine)

INTRODUCCIÓN: el follaje de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) presenta una variada composición química y es una planta forestal de abundancia en Cuba, que puede ser utilizada para la obtención de productos con actividad biológica, proporciona beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales. OBJETIVO: evaluar el efecto citostático, citotóxico, antibacteriano y cicatrizante de cuatro extractos obtenidos del follaje verde de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) (pino macho). MÉTODOS: se determinó el efecto citostático mediante el ensayo de inhibición de la germinación de semillas de Solanum lycopersicum. La toxicidad se evaluó mediante el ensayo de letalidad frente a Artemia salina. La actividad antibacteriana se determinó in vitro mediante la técnica de Difusión en Agar por la aparición de halos de inhibición frente a tres cepas de microorganismos patógenos. El efecto cicatrizante se evaluó en un modelo in vivo en heridas abiertas en ratas. RESULTADOS: los resultados del presente trabajo indican que tres de los extractos evaluados mostraron toxicidad en ambos ensayos, donde Clorofilina de sodio constituyó la fracción más promisoria. Los extractos sin diluir de Pasta Clorofila Caroteno y Concentrado provitamínico mostraron actividad frente a Staphylococcus aureus, con valores que se encuentran en el límite mínimo que se considera con actividad antimicrobiana. Se comprobó el efecto cicatrizante de la Pasta Clorofila Caroteno a una dosis de 150 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados demostraron la actividad citostática y citotóxica de tres de los extractos evaluados. Los extractos de Pasta Clorofila Caroteno y Concentrado provitamínico mostraron actividad antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus y se demostró el efecto favorable de la Pasta Clorofila Caroteno en el proceso de curación de heridas abiertas, comparable a los efectos de medicamentos desarrollados con Rhizophora mangle L.

INTRODUCTION: Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) foliage has a varied chemical composition and it is an abundant forest plant in Cuba, which can be used for the production of biological active products, it provides economic, social and environmental benefits. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the cytostatic, cytotoxic, antibacterial and healing effect of four extracts obtained from green foliage of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) (male pine). METHODS: the cytostatic effect was determined using inhibition of germination of Solanum Lycopersicum seeds test. Toxicity was evaluated using Artemia salina lethality test. The antibacterial activity was determined in vitro using diffusion in agar technique by the appearance of inhibition halos against three strains of pathogenic microorganisms. The healing effect was evaluated performing an in vivo rat model in open wounds. RESULTS: the results of this study indicate that three of the tested extracts showed toxicity in both assays, where FI fraction was the most promising. Undiluted extracts of PCC and F-III showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with values considered in the lower limit for antimicrobial activity. The healing effect of the Carotene Chlorophyll Paste to a dose of 150 mg/mL was found. CONCLUSIONS: the results demonstrated cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of three extracts evaluated. Extracts of Carotene Chlorophyll Caste and Provitamin Concentrate showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the favorable effect of the Carotene Chlorophyll Paste in the healing process of open wounds was demonstrated, comparable to the effect of drugs developed with Rhizophora mangle L.

Actividad citostática, citotóxica, antibacteriana y cicatrizante de extractos de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (pino macho) / Cytostatic, cytotoxic, antibacterial and healing activity of extracts from Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (male pine)

Introducción: el follaje de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) presenta una variada composición química y es una planta forestal de abundancia en Cuba, que puede ser utilizada para la obtención de productos con actividad biológica, proporciona beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto citostático, citotóxico, antibacteriano y cicatrizante de cuatro extractos obtenidos del follaje verde de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) (pino macho). Métodos: se determinó el efecto citostático mediante el ensayo de inhibición de la germinación de semillas de Solanum lycopersicum. La toxicidad se evaluó mediante el ensayo de letalidad frente a Artemia salina. La actividad antibacteriana se determinó in vitro mediante la técnica de Difusión en Agar por la aparición de halos de inhibición frente a tres cepas de microorganismos patógenos. El efecto cicatrizante se evaluó en un modelo in vivo en heridas abiertas en ratas.Resultados: los resultados del presente trabajo indican que tres de los extractos evaluados mostraron toxicidad en ambos ensayos, donde Clorofilina de sodio constituyó la fracción más promisoria. Los extractos sin diluir de Pasta Clorofila Caroteno y Concentrado provitamínico mostraron actividad frente a Staphylococcus aureus, con valores que se encuentran en el límite mínimo que se considera con actividad antimicrobiana. Se comprobó el efecto cicatrizante de la Pasta Clorofila Caroteno a una dosis de 150 mg/mL. Conclusiones: los resultados demostraron la actividad citostática y citotóxica de tres de los extractos evaluados. Los extractos de Pasta Clorofila Caroteno y Concentrado provitamínico mostraron actividad antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus y se demostró el efecto favorable de la Pasta Clorofila Caroteno en el proceso de curación de heridas abiertas, comparable a los efectos de medicamentos desarrollados con Rhizophora mangle L(AU)

Introduction: Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) foliage has a varied chemical composition and it is an abundant forest plant in Cuba, which can be used for the production of biological active products, it provides economic, social and environmental benefits. Objective: to evaluate the cytostatic, cytotoxic, antibacterial and healing effect of four extracts obtained from green foliage of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) (male pine). Methods: the cytostatic effect was determined using inhibition of germination of Solanum Lycopersicum seeds test. Toxicity was evaluated using Artemia salina lethality test. The antibacterial activity was determined in vitro using diffusion in agar technique by the appearance of inhibition halos against three strains of pathogenic microorganisms. The healing effect was evaluated performing an in vivo rat model in open wounds. Results: the results of this study indicate that three of the tested extracts showed toxicity in both assays, where FI fraction was the most promising. Undiluted extracts of PCC and F-III showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with values considered in the lower limit for antimicrobial activity. The healing effect of the Carotene Chlorophyll Paste to a dose of 150 mg/mL was found. Conclusions: the results demonstrated cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of three extracts evaluated. Extracts of Carotene Chlorophyll Caste and Provitamin Concentrate showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the favorable effect of the Carotene Chlorophyll Paste in the healing process of open wounds was demonstrated, comparable to the effect of drugs developed with Rhizophora mangle L(AU)

Toxic potentials of ten herbs commonly used for aphrodisiac effect in Turkey.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Sexual dysfunction is a serious problem worldwide. In Turkey, herbal products are used by some people suffering from sexual dysfunction. Despite their therapeutic advantages, some constituents of herbs are potentially toxic and pose health risks because they can be bought from the market without a prescription. Therefore, we aimed to determine the safety of herbs possessing aphrodisiac effects, chosen on the basis of their frequency of medicinal use and commercial importance in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten herbs (Anethum graveolens, Carthamus tinctorius, Citrus aurantium, Cocos nucifera, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Melissa officinalis, Nigella arvensis, Pinus pinea, Prunus mahaleb, and Zingiber officinale) were extracted with water, methanol, and chloroform. The cyto- and genotoxic potentials of the extracts were assessed using an MTT test on a rat kidney cell line and an Ames assay in Salmonella typhimurium strains, respectively. RESULTS: In the cytotoxic evaluation, IC50 values were 1.51-31.4 mg/mL for the methanol and chloroform extracts, while the water extracts were not cytotoxic. In the genotoxic evaluation, it was revealed that the water extracts had more mutagenic activity than the chloroform and methanol extracts. Water extract of M. officinalis was shown to have the most genotoxic activities to TA100 (±S9) and TA98 (-S9). CONCLUSION: These results might be useful in determining the toxic effects of herbs and lead to precautions being taken in regards to their consumption.

Controlling the invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata: an ecotoxicity assessment of four potential biocides.

In 2004, an invasive mat-forming freshwater diatom, Didymosphenia geminata (didymo), was found in New Zealand causing concern with regard to potential consequences for local freshwater ecosystems. A four-stage research program was initiated to identify methods to control D. geminata. This article reports the results of Stage 2, in which four potential control compounds [Gemex™ (a chelated copper formulation), EDTA, Hydrothol®191, and Organic Interceptor™ (a pine oil formulation)] selected in Stage 1 were evaluated for their biocidal efficacy on D. geminata and effects on non-target organisms using both artificial stream and laboratory trials. Artificial stream trials evaluated the mortality rates of D. geminata and fishes to three concentrations of the four biocides, whereas laboratory toxicity trials tested the response of green alga and cladocera to a range of biocide concentrations and exposure times. In artificial stream trials, Gemex and Organic Interceptor were the most effective biocides against D. geminata for a number of measured indices; however, exposure of fishes to Organic Interceptor resulted in high mortality rates. Laboratory toxicity testing indicated that Gemex might negatively affect sensitive stream invertebrates, based on the cladoceran sensitivity at the proposed river control dose. A decision support matrix evaluated the four biocides based on nine criteria stipulated by river stakeholders (effectiveness, non-target species impacts, stalk removal, degradation profile, risks to health and safety, ease of application, neutralization potential, cost, and local regulatory requirements) and Gemex was identified as the product warranting further refinement prior to an in-river trial.

Dermatite de contato alérgica à resina de Pinus oocarpa em trabalhadora rural: relato de caso / Allergic Contact Dermatitis caused by Pinus oocarpa resin in a female rural worker: case report

Relata-se, neste artigo, um caso de Dermatite de Contato Alérgica (DCA) Ocupacional à resina de Pinus oocarpa em uma trabalhadora rural atendida no Centro de Referência Estadual em Saúde do Trabalhador de Minas Gerais (CEREST/MG). Trata-se de patologia comum e com repercussões financeiras importantes. O objetivo do trabalho é relatar, discutir e chamar a atenção da classe médica em geral para a causa ocupacional da DCA, que pode causar um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores.

A case report of an Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) caused by Pinus oocarpa resin in a female rural worker referred to the Worker's Health State Reference Center of Minas Gerais (CEREST/MG). The disease is extremely frequent and may pose an appreciable economic impact. The objective of this paper is to report, discuss and alert the doctors about the occupational cause of ACD, a disease that may produce an important impact on workers' quality of life.

Toxicidad crónica de polvo de taninos obtenidos de corteza de Pinus caribaea Morelet por vía oral en ratas / Chronic oral toxicity of tannin powders obtained from bark of Pinus caribaea Morelet in rats

INTRODUCCIÓN: se han demostrado los efectos antimutagénicos y no genotóxicos de los taninos de Pinus caribaea Morelet, así como su influencia en la mejoría de la calidad de vida de pacientes. OBJETIVOS: evaluar la toxicidad crónica del polvo de taninos obtenido de corteza de P. caribaea por vía oral. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de toxicidad crónica (6 meses) por vía oral en ratas Cenp:SPRD. Se conformaron un grupo control y 3 tratados (1, 2,5 y 5 mg/kg/d/6 meses). Se realizaron observaciones clínicas diarias. El peso corporal y los consumos de agua y alimento se midieron semanalmente. Al inicio, en la semana 13 y al final del estudio se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio clínico. Al concluir los 6 meses se sacrificaron todos los animales y se efectuó necropsia completa de cada uno, así como el estudio microscópico de los órganos y tejidos de los animales de los grupos Dosis alta y control. RESULTADOS: durante el estudio murió 1 hembra del gurpo Dosis baja, el resto de los animales alcanzó el final del estudio con buen estado. Los signos clínicos descritos estuvieron distribuidos por todos los grupos y no guardaron relación con la sustancia de ensayo. La curva de peso corporal fue similar para todos los grupos. El consumo de agua se incrementó en los animales tratados con la dosis mayor, el consumo de alimento no se vio afectado. Los parámetros de laboratorio clínico presentaron diferencias, aunque se mantuvieron dentro de los rangos normales reportados para la especie. Los hallazgos de anatomía patológica no guardaron relación con la administración del polvo de taninos. CONCLUSIONES: la administración oral durante 6 meses del polvo de taninos de corteza de P. caribaea no produjo toxicidad.

INTRODUCTION: effects of antimutagenic and non-genotoxic agents of tannins from Pinus caribaea Morelet, as well as its influence in improvement of quality life of patients. OBJECTIVES: to assess chronic oral toxicity of tannin powder obtained from bark of P. caribaea. METHODS: we performed a study on chronic toxicity (6 months) per os in Cenp:SPRD rats. We made clinical observations daily. There was a control group and 3 treated (1, 2, 5 and 5 mg/kg/d/6 months). We performed clinical observations daily. Body weight and water and food consumptions were measured weekly. At the beginning, in 13 week and at the end of study, we carried out clinical laboratory examinations. At 6 months all animals were scarified and we made a complete necropsy of each, as well as a microscopical study of organs and tissues of animals in groups of higher dose and control. RESULTS: during study a female in lower dose group died, the remainder finished the study in a good sate. Clinical signs described were distributed by all groups and had not relation with assay substance. Body weight curve was similar for all groups. Water consumption increased in animals treated with the higher dose, but the food consumption was normal. Clinical laboratory parameters had differences, although they were within normal ranks reported for the species. Findings of pathologic anatomy have not relation to administration of tannin powders. CONCLUSIONS: There was not toxicity with per os administration during 6 months of tannin powders from bark of P. caribaea.

Toxicidad crónica de polvo de taninos obtenidos de corteza de Pinus caribaea Morelet por vía oral en ratas / Chronic oral toxicity of tannin powders obtained from bark of Pinus caribaea Morelet in rats

INTRODUCCIÓN: se han demostrado los efectos antimutagénicos y no genotóxicos de los taninos de Pinus caribaea Morelet, así como su influencia en la mejoría de la calidad de vida de pacientes. OBJETIVOS: evaluar la toxicidad crónica del polvo de taninos obtenido de corteza de P. caribaea por vía oral. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de toxicidad crónica (6 meses) por vía oral en ratas Cenp:SPRD. Se conformaron un grupo control y 3 tratados (1, 2,5 y 5 mg/kg/d/6 meses). Se realizaron observaciones clínicas diarias. El peso corporal y los consumos de agua y alimento se midieron semanalmente. Al inicio, en la semana 13 y al final del estudio se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio clínico. Al concluir los 6 meses se sacrificaron todos los animales y se efectuó necropsia completa de cada uno, así como el estudio microscópico de los órganos y tejidos de los animales de los grupos Dosis alta y control. RESULTADOS: durante el estudio murió 1 hembra del gurpo Dosis baja, el resto de los animales alcanzó el final del estudio con buen estado. Los signos clínicos descritos estuvieron distribuidos por todos los grupos y no guardaron relación con la sustancia de ensayo. La curva de peso corporal fue similar para todos los grupos. El consumo de agua se incrementó en los animales tratados con la dosis mayor, el consumo de alimento no se vio afectado. Los parámetros de laboratorio clínico presentaron diferencias, aunque se mantuvieron dentro de los rangos normales reportados para la especie. Los hallazgos de anatomía patológica no guardaron relación con la administración del polvo de taninos. CONCLUSIONES: la administración oral durante 6 meses del polvo de taninos de corteza de P. caribaea no produjo toxicidad(AU)

INTRODUCTION: effects of antimutagenic and non-genotoxic agents of tannins from Pinus caribaea Morelet, as well as its influence in improvement of quality life of patients. OBJECTIVES: to assess chronic oral toxicity of tannin powder obtained from bark of P. caribaea. METHODS: we performed a study on chronic toxicity (6 months) per os in Cenp:SPRD rats. We made clinical observations daily. There was a control group and 3 treated (1, 2, 5 and 5 mg/kg/d/6 months). We performed clinical observations daily. Body weight and water and food consumptions were measured weekly. At the beginning, in 13 week and at the end of study, we carried out clinical laboratory examinations. At 6 months all animals were scarified and we made a complete necropsy of each, as well as a microscopical study of organs and tissues of animals in groups of higher dose and control. RESULTS: during study a female in lower dose group died, the remainder finished the study in a good sate. Clinical signs described were distributed by all groups and had not relation with assay substance. Body weight curve was similar for all groups. Water consumption increased in animals treated with the higher dose, but the food consumption was normal. Clinical laboratory parameters had differences, although they were within normal ranks reported for the species. Findings of pathologic anatomy have not relation to administration of tannin powders. CONCLUSIONS: There was not toxicity with per os administration during 6 months of tannin powders from bark of P. caribaea(AU)

Chemical and ecotoxicological characterization of solid residues produced during the co-pyrolysis of plastics and pine biomass.

A mixture of 70% (w/w) pine biomass and 30% (w/w) plastics (mixture of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene) was subjected to pyrolysis at 400 degrees C, for 15 min, with an initial pressure of 40 MPa. Part of the solid residue produced was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane (DCM). The extracted residue (residue A) and raw residue (residue B) were analyzed by weight loss combustion and submitted to the leaching test ISO/TS 21268-2 using two different leachants: DCM (0.2%, v/v) and calcium chloride (0.001 mol/L). The concentrations of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cu were determined in the eluates and in the two residues. The eluates were further characterized by determining their pH and the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). The presence of other organic contaminants in the eluates was qualitatively evaluated by gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry. An ecotoxicological characterization was also performed by using the bio-indicator Vibrio fischeri. The chemical and ecotoxicological results were analyzed according to the French proposal of Criteria on the Evaluation Methods of Waste Ecotoxicity (CEMWE). Residue A was not considered to be ecotoxic by the ecotoxicological criterion (EC(50) (30 min) >or=10%), but it was considered to be ecotoxic by the chemical criterion (Ni>or=0.5mg/L). Residue B was considered to be ecotoxic by the ecotoxicological criterion: EC(50) (30 min)

Inhibición de la replicación del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana por extractos de taninos de Pinus caribaea Morelet / Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by tannin fractions of Pinus caribaea Morelet

Diferentes concentraciones de 6 extractos de corteza de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea se enfrentaron a 2 dosis de virus en un ensayo in vitro, sobre células MT4; la actividad antiviral se midió por ensayo inmunoenzimático de captura de proteína 24 del virus. Todas las fracciones mostraron actividad citotóxica moderada y solo una fue altamente tóxica. La fracción 02 mostró un alto porcentaje de inhibición de la replicación viral, en relación con la dosis viral y la concentración del producto, con un índice de selectividad de 100, pero son necesarios estudios adicionales sobre la identificación de la estructura química para definir el mecanismo de acción del producto(AU)