[On the formation of Russian pulmonology: the development of the doctrine of lung diseases (first half of the 20th century)].

The articles on the history of Russian pulmonology presented in the historical, medical and therapeutic literature contain materials for this history, but their authors did not solve the problem of its consistent presentation, highlighting the stages of formation and founders. The authors of this study critically reviewed the literary and archival primary sources, for the first time proposed the identification of three stages in the development of Russian pulmonology and indicated eight of its founders at these stages. The abundance of material did not allow us to present it in one article. This article is devoted to the 1st stage of the history of pulmonology - the formation of the doctrine of lung diseases. The second (development of pulmonology as an independent scientific direction in internal diseases) and the third (organizational design of pulmonology as a new independent clinical scientific and educational discipline and medical specialty, i.e. its institutionalization) stages will be discussed in the next articles.

20 años en técnicas broncopleurales / 20 years in broncopleural techniques

No disponible

20 años en neumología pediátrica / 20 years in pediatric pneumonology

No disponible

Fritz Rohrer (1888-1926), a pioneer in pulmonary mechanics whose work was inexplicably ignored for about 30 years.

Fritz Rohrer (1888-1926) has a special place in the history of respiratory physiology for two reasons. The first is that he laid the foundations of modern pulmonary mechanics in the early 1900s. For example, his seminal paper on pulmonary dynamics, that is, the pressure-flow relationships in the airways, was published in 1915 in one of the top journals in the field. It included extensive measurements of airway dimensions in postmortem human lungs and a sophisticated analysis of the modes of airflow. This was closely followed by a very original analysis of lung statics, which included studies of airway pressures at normal, maximal, and minimal lung volumes in relaxed normal volunteers, and was published in 1916. Remarkably, both papers were essentially ignored at the time. Fortunately, in 1925 he was able to summarize his major findings in a chapter in an important handbook of physiology. However, he tragically died from pulmonary tuberculosis in the following year at the early age of 37. The second reason for his importance in the history of pulmonary mechanics is that inexplicably his very innovative research was essentially ignored for about 30 years. It was not until the 1940s that his work was rediscovered, although not in time to save investigators from duplicating his very original studies. Possible reasons why his work was ignored for so long are discussed. Even today it is not easy to recover some important features of his career, and some aspects of his very original research are still almost unknown.

The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA): 25†years later.

The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) was launched in 1993 under the auspices of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA, and the World Health Organization to produce a global strategy on asthma management and prevention. Now constituted as a non-profit entity, it continues to produce, on an annual basis, the most widely cited evidence-based report on the optimal management of asthma in both adults and children intended for global use. Although the GINA Report is often viewed and used as an asthma treatment guideline, it is designed to be a clinically oriented strategy document that supports the development of practice guidelines in different countries and regions.Other GINA products, including the report's pocket guides, teaching slide kits and implementation tools, are also offered free of charge for public use. The GINA Scientific Committee comprises recognised international experts from primary, secondary and tertiary centres of care who are actively involved in both the care of patients and research in asthma. The GINA Assembly is a forum for exchange of scientific information and discussions on initiatives to improve asthma care in various countries, focusing on implementation strategies. GINA plays a role in shaping research on the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and informs the development of point of care practice guides and decision support tools. GINA supports the objectives of raising awareness of asthma and improving access to therapy and quality of care for asthmatic patients, in addition to presenting and promoting continuously updated evidence-based treatment approaches for global use.