Pulmonary Rehabilitation Exercises Effectively Improve Chronic Cough After Surgery for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Cough is a major complication after lung cancer surgery, potentially impacting lung function and quality of life. However, effective treatments for managing long-term persistent postoperative cough remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the potential of a pulmonary rehabilitation training program to effectively address this issue. METHODS: Between January 2019 and December 2022, a retrospective review was conducted on patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent lobectomy and lymph node dissection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) at Daping hospital. Based on their postoperative rehabilitation methods, the patients were categorized into 2 groups: the traditional rehabilitation group and the pulmonary rehabilitation group. All patients underwent assessment using the Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ) on the third postoperative day. Additionally, at the 6-month follow-up, patients' LCQ scores and lung function were re-evaluated to assess the long-term effects of the pulmonary rehabilitation training programs. RESULTS: Among the 276 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 195 (70.7%) were in the traditional rehabilitation group, while 81 (29.3%) participated in the pulmonary rehabilitation group. The pulmonary rehabilitation group showed a significantly lower incidence of cough on the third postoperative day (16.0% vs 29.7%, P = .018) and higher LCQ scores in the somatic dimension (5.09 ± .81 vs 4.15 ± 1.22, P = .007) as well as in the total score (16.44 ± 2.86 vs 15.11 ± 2.51, P = .018, whereas there were no significant differences in psychiatric and sociological dimensions. At the 6-month follow-up, the pulmonary rehabilitation group continued to have a lower cough incidence (3.7% vs 12.8%, P = .022) and higher LCQ scores across all dimensions: somatic (6.19 ± .11 vs 5.75 ± 1.20, P = .035), mental (6.37 ± 1.19 vs 5.85 ± 1.22, P = .002), sociological (6.76 ± 1.22 vs 5.62 ± 1.08, P < .001), and total (18.22 ± 2.37 vs 16.21 ± 2.53, P < .001). Additionally, lung function parameters including FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, MVV, MVV%, DLCO SB, and DLCO% were all significantly higher in the pulmonary rehabilitation group compared to the traditional group. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary rehabilitation exercises significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative cough and improved cough-related quality of life in patients undergoing lobectomy, with sustained benefits observed at the 6-month follow-up. Additionally, these exercises demonstrated superior lung function outcomes compared to traditional rehabilitation methods.

Pulmonary rehabilitation exercises significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative cough and improved cough-related quality of life in patients undergoing lobectomy, with sustained benefits observed at the 6-month follow-up. Additionally, these exercises demonstrated superior lung function outcomes compared to traditional rehabilitation methods.

[Pulmonary function testing and prehabilitation in thoracic surgery]. / Funktsional'noe testirovanie i preabilitatsiya v torakal'noi khirurgii.

Preoperative assessment should include spirometry and analysis of the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. If necessary, exercise tests can be performed. High risk patients can be revealed considering these data. These patients need for prehabilitation, i.e. preoperative measures increasing functional capacity. This review is devoted to preoperative assessment, principles of prehabilitation and perioperative nutritional support.

Guidelines on enhanced recovery after pulmonary lobectomy

To establish recommendations for optimisation of the management of patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy, particularly Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). A consensus committee of 13 experts from the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Soci,t, franOaise d'anesth,sie et de r,animation, SFAR) and the French Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (Soci,t, franOaise de chirurgie thoracique et cardiovasculaire, SFCTCV) was convened. A formal conflict-of-interest policy was developed at the onset of the process and enforced throughout. The entire guidelines process was conducted independently of any industry funding. The authors were advised to follow the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence. Five domains were defined: 1) patient pathway and patient information; 2) preoperative management and rehabilitation; 3) anaesthesia and analgesia for lobectomy; 4) surgical strategy for lobectomy; and 5) enhanced recovery after surgery. For each domain, the objective of the recommendations was to address a number of questions formulated according to the PICO model (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome). An extensive literature search on these questions was carried out and analysed using the GRADE® methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE® methodology, and were then voted by all experts according to the GRADE grid method. The SFAR/SFCTCV guideline panel provided 32 recommendations on the management of patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. After two voting rounds and several amendments, a strong consensus was reached for 31 of the 32 recommendations and a moderate consensus was reached for the last recommendation. Seven of these recommendations present a high level of evidence (GRADE 1+), 23 have a moderate level of evidence (18 GRADE 2+ and 5 GRADE 2-), and 2 correspond to expert opinions. Finally, no recommendation was provided for 2 of the questions. A strong consensus was expressed by the experts to provide recommendations to optimise the whole perioperative management of patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy.

Four Hours Postoperative Mobilization is Feasible After Thoracoscopic Anatomical Pulmonary Resection.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to analyze the feasibility and risk factors associated with early mobilization (EM) within 4 h after thoracoscopic lobectomy and segmentectomy. METHODS: This study retrospectively evaluated 214 consecutive patients who underwent thoracoscopic anatomical pulmonary resection using our EM protocol between October 2017 and February 2019. We compared the correlations of the patients' characteristics including the total number of drugs and perioperative parameters such as air leak, and orthostatic hypotension (OH) between the EM (E group) and failed EM (F group) groups. Second, we evaluated risk factors for OH, which often causes critical complications. RESULTS: A total of 198 patients (92.5%: E group) completed the EM protocol, whereas 16 patients did not (7.5%: F group). The primary causes of failure were severe pain, air leak, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and OH (n = 1, 3, 8, and 4). Upon univariate analysis, air leakage, OH, and non-hypertension were identified as risk factors for failed EM (all p <0.05). EM was associated with a shortened chest tube drainage period (p <0.01). Thirty patients (14%) experienced OH, and 20% of them failed EM. A total number of drugs ≥5 (p = 0.015) was an independent risk factor for OH. Operative and anesthetic variables were not associated with EM or OH. CONCLUSIONS: The EM protocol was safe and useful for tubeless management. Surgeons should be advised to actively prevent air leak. Our EM protocol achieved a low frequency of OH in mobilization. Due to its versatility, our mobilization protocol may be promising, especially in patients without severe comorbidities. Clinical registration number: The study protocol was approved by the Review Board of Aichi Cancer Center (approval number: 2020-1-067).

[Approaches to the pre-operative functional assessment of patients with lung cancer and preoperative rehabilitation]. / Bilan fonctionnel préopératoire du cancer bronchique et réhabilitation préopératoire.

Surgery is the best treatment for early lung cancer but requires a preoperative functional evaluation to identify patients who may be at a high risk of complications or death. Guideline algorithms include a cardiological evaluation, a cardiopulmonary assessment to calculate the predicted residual lung function, and identify patients needing exercise testing to complete the evaluation. According to most expert opinion, exercise tests have a very high predictive value of complications. However, since the publication of these guidelines, minimally-invasive surgery, sublobar resections, prehabilitation and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes have been developed. Implementation of these techniques and programs is associated with a decrease in postoperative mortality and complications. In addition, the current guidelines and the cut-off values they identified are based on early series of patients, and are designed to select patients before major lung resection (lobectomy-pneumonectomy) performed by thoracotomy. Therefore, after a review of the current guidelines and a brief update on prehabilitation (smoking cessation, exercise training and nutritional aspects), we will discuss the need to redefine functional criteria to select patients who will benefit from lung surgery.

Mood disorders and outcomes in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery: a brief summery.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Literature reports depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric symptoms in cancer patients. Notably, lung cancer is associated with major depressive disorder in 5-13% of cases. The present article aims to give an overview regarding the impact of mood disorders on the outcomes of patients affected by lung cancer. Our review showed that pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy can be useful to improve the quality of life of patients with lung cancer. Moreover, the treatment of depression and anxiety can be associated with a reduced mortality. In conclusion, it is important to consider psychiatric care as important as other adjuvant oncologic therapies in patients with cancer.

Two-Week Multimodal Prehabilitation Program Improves Perioperative Functional Capability in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Lobectomy for Lung Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with lung cancer often experience reduced functional capacity and quality of life after surgery. The current study investigated the impact of a short-term, home-based, multimodal prehabilitation program on perioperative functional capacity in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 73 patients. Patients in the prehabilitation group (n = 37) received a 2-week multimodal intervention program before surgery, including aerobic and resistance exercises, respiratory training, nutrition counseling with whey protein supplementation, and psychological guidance. Patients in the control group (n = 36) received the usual clinical care. The assessors were blinded to the patient allocation. The primary outcome was perioperative functional capacity measured as the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), which was assessed at 1 day before and 30 days after surgery. A linear mixed-effects model was built to analyze the perioperative 6MWD. Other outcomes included lung function, disability and psychometric evaluations, length of stay (LOS), short-term recovery quality, postoperative complications, and mortality. RESULTS: The median duration of prehabilitation was 15 days. The average 6MWD was 60.9 m higher perioperatively in the prehabilitation group compared to the control group (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.4-89.5; P < .001). There were no differences in lung function, disability and psychological assessment, LOS, short-term recovery quality, postoperative complications, and mortality, except for forced vital capacity (FVC; 0.35 L higher in the prehabilitation group, 95% CI, 0.05-0.66; P = .021). CONCLUSIONS: A 2-week, home-based, multimodal prehabilitation program could produce clinically relevant improvements in perioperative functional capacity in patients undergoing VATS lobectomy for lung cancer.

Fit 4 surgery, a bespoke app with biofeedback delivers rehabilitation at home before and after elective lung resection.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary rehabilitation programme for lung surgery patients can reduce the risk of post-operative complications but compliance to programmes can be limited by access to health care. We developed a home-based rehabilitation app and tested its feasibility in patients undergoing lung resection surgery. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted over 18 months at a regional thoracic unit. The Fit 4 Surgery app included ten exercises. Patients were instructed to exercise for at least three minutes for each exercise. Data was transmitted back to the researchers remotely. Data was also collected from a contemporaneous group of surgery patients who attended local outpatient-based Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease rehabilitation classes. Quality of Life and outcomes data in the app group were collected. Patients were also interviewed about their experience of the app. RESULTS: App patients had a shorter wait before surgery compared to patients attending rehabilitation classes (24 vs 45 days) but managed four times as many sessions (2 vs 9), improving incremental shuttle walk test distance by 99 ± 83 (p < 0.05) metres before surgery. Five themes were gathered from the interviews. CONCLUSION: An app based programme of rehabilitation can be delivered in a timely fashion to lung surgery patients with demonstrable physiological benefits; this will need to be confirmed in further clinical trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN00061628. Registered 27 May 2011.

A Patient with GOLD Stage 3 COPD « cured ¼ by One-Way Endobronchial Valves.

Lung hyperinflation is a main determinant of dyspnoea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Surgical or bronchoscopic lung volume reduction are the most efficient therapeutic approaches for reducing hyperinflation in selected patients with emphysema. We here report the case of a 69-year old woman with COPD (GOLD stage 3-D) referred for lung volume reduction. She complained of persistent disabling dyspnoea despite appropriate therapy. Chest imaging showed marked emphysema heterogeneity as well as severe hyperinflation of the right lower lobe. She was deemed to be a good candidate for bronchoscopic treatment with one-way endobronchial valves. In the absence of interlobar collateral ventilation, 2 endobronchial valves were placed in the right lower lobe under general anaesthesia. The improvement observed 1 and 3 months after the procedure was such that the patient no longer met the pulmonary function criteria for COPD. The benefit persisted after 3 years.

[Fast-track rehabilitation after anatomical lung resection: prospective single-center non-randomized trial]. / Prospektivnoe odnotsentrovoe nerandomizirovannoe issledovanie uskorennoi reabilitatsii patsientov posle anatomicheskikh rezektsii legkikh.

AIM: To present the results of fast track rehabilitation after anatomical lung resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Single-center prospective non-randomized trial has included patients for the period December 2014 - December 2016. Conventional protocol was applied in 124 patients, 58 patients after atypical lung resections or pneumonectomy were excluded from the study. Thus, there were 66 patients aged 61 (51; 67) years. Men/women ratio was 37:29. Lobectomy (n=55) and segmentectomy (n=11) were performed for lung cancer, metastatic injury and various inflammatory diseases in 53 (80.3%), 8 (12.1%) and 5 (7.6 %) cases, respectively. ASA risk score was II (16), III (46), IV (4). Video-assisted/open procedures ratio was 42 (63.6%) / 24 (36.4%). RESULTS: 30-day postoperative morbidity was 7.6% (5 out of 66 patients, 95% CI 3.3- 16.5). Pleural drainage tube was removed within the 1st postoperative day in 49 (74.2%) out of 66 patients. Prolonged insufficient aerostasis was observed in 3 patients followed by effective conservative treatment. Overall mortality was 3% (n=2, 95% CI 0.8- 10.4) due to pulmonary embolism and sudden cardiac death. Median of postoperative hospital-stay was 7 (6; 9) days without significant differences between groups of lobectomy and segmentectomy (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Fast track rehabilitation protocol in thoracic surgery is safe and effective. Further studies are needed to justify early rehabilitation in high risk patients.

Thoracic enhanced recovery with ambulation after surgery: a 6-year experience.

OBJECTIVES: Our institution implemented a protocol known as thoracic enhanced recovery with ambulation after surgery (T-ERAS) in thoracic operations. The objective was early ambulation starting in the postoperative ambulatory care unit. METHODS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy patients are placed on a chair in the preoperative area and then walked to the operating room. Postoperatively, patients are placed on a chair as soon as possible. Our target ambulation goal was 250 feet within 1 h of extubation. Patients then walk to their hospital room. T-ERAS adoption and outcomes were compared to a pre-T-ERAS period, in addition to the comparing early and late T-ERAS cohorts. RESULTS: Over 6 years, 304 patients on T-ERAS underwent a planned video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy. Median age was 67 years (range 41-87 years). The target goal was achieved in 187 of 304 (61.5%) patients and 277 of 304 (91.1%) patients ambulated 250 feet at any time in the postoperative ambulatory care unit. The T-ERAS period had a median length of stay of 1 day vs 2 days in the pre-T-ERAS period (P < 0.001). There were low rates of pneumonia (2/304, 0.7%), atrial fibrillation (12/304, 4.0%) and no postoperative mortalities for T-ERAS. The target goal was achieved at a greater rate in the late (92/132, 72.0%) versus early (28/75, 37%) T-ERAS cohort. The mean time to ambulation was reduced in the late cohort (46-81 min). CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative ambulation was feasible and considered key in achieving low morbidity after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy. Adoption of T-ERAS improved over time. Further studies will help define adoptability at other sites and validate impact on improving outcomes.

Preoperative exercise training prevents functional decline after lung resection surgery: a randomized, single-blind controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of a preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation programme in patients with lung cancer undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery. DESIGN: Randomized, single-blind controlled trial. SETTING: Teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Patients with suspected or confirmed lung cancer undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized to either a prehabilitation group or a control group. Participants in the prehabilitation group underwent a combination of moderate endurance and resistance training plus breathing exercises three to five times per week. MAIN MEASURES: The primary outcome of the study was exercise capacity. Secondary outcomes were muscle strength (Senior Fitness Test), health-related quality of life (Short-Form 36) and the postoperative outcomes. Patients were evaluated at baseline (before randomization), presurgery (only the prehabilitation group), after surgery and three months post-operatively. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were randomized and 22 finished the study (10 in the prehabilitation group and 12 in the control group). Three patients were lost to follow-up at three months. After the training, there was a statistically significant improvement in exercise tolerance (+397 seconds, p = 0.0001), the physical summary component of the SF-36 (+4.4 points, p = 0.008) and muscle strength ( p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between groups after surgery. However, three months postoperatively, significant differences were found in the mean change of exercise capacity ( p = 0.005), physical summary component ( p = 0.001) and upper and lower body strength ( p = 0.045 and p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: A pulmonary rehabilitation programme before video-assisted thoracic surgery seems to improve patients' preoperative condition and may prevent functional decline after surgery. Clinical Registration Number: NCT01963923 (Registration date 10/10/2013).

Short-term preoperative exercise therapy does not improve long-term outcome after lung cancer surgery: a randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVES: Poor aerobic fitness is a potential modifiable risk factor for long-term survival and quality of life in patients with lung cancer. This randomized trial evaluates the impact of adding rehabilitation (Rehab) with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) before lung cancer surgery to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness and improve long-term postoperative outcome. METHODS: Patients with operable lung cancer were randomly assigned to usual care (UC, n = 77) or to intervention group (Rehab, n = 74) that entailed HIIT that was implemented only preoperatively. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and pulmonary functional tests (PFTs) including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV 1 ) and carbon monoxide transfer factor (KCO) were performed before and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: During the preoperative waiting time (median 25 days), Rehab patients participated to a median of 8 HIIT sessions (interquartile [IQ] 25-75%, 7-10). At 1 year follow-up, 91% UC patients and 93% Rehab patients were still alive ( P = 0.506). Pulmonary functional changes were non-significant and comparable in both groups (FEV 1 mean -7.5%, 95% CI, -3.6 to -12.9 and in KCO mean 5.8% 95% CI 0.8-11.8) Compared with preoperative CPET results, both groups demonstrated similar reduction in peak oxygen uptake (mean -12.2% 95% CI -4.8 to -18.2) and in peak work rate (mean -11.1% 95% CI -4.2 to -17.4). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term preoperative rehabilitation with HIIT does not improve pulmonary function and aerobic capacity measured at 1 year after lung cancer resection. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No. NCT01258478; www.clinicaltrials.gov .

[Evolution of pain during respiratory rehabilitation after major lung resection]. / Évolution de la douleur en soins de suites et rééducation après résection pulmonaire majeure.

INTRODUCTION: Lung resection for cancer is the cause of significant postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to determine whether pulmonary rehabilitation could induce a resurgence of pain. METHODS: In 2014 and 2015, pulmonary rehabilitation was offered to all patients referred to our institution after lung resection for cancer. Patients were assessed at entry and departure for nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain (DN4), for quality of life using questionnaire EORTC QlQ-C30 and for anxiety and depression (HAD questionnaire). Pain was studied before and after the sessions of cycloergometer, gym and massages. RESULTS: During the period, 99 patients were admitted to our institution following lung resection for cancer. Medians changed during pulmonary rehabilitation from 3 to 1 for nociceptive pain (p<0.001), 3 to 3 for DN4 (NS), 50 to 67 for the quality of life score (p<0.001), 7 to 5 for the anxiety (p<0.001) and 5 to 3 for depression (p<0.0001). Pain remained stable during the sessions of cycloergometer and gym, and decreased during massage. Patients undergoing thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery evolved identically. CONCLUSION: Postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation after lung resection for cancer was not harmful. It was associated with a decrease in nociceptive pain and was without effect on neuropathic pain.

Who Needs to Be Allocated in ICU after Thoracic Surgery? An Observational Study.

Background. The effective use of ICU care after lung resections has not been completely studied. The aims of this study were to identify predictive factors for effective use of ICU admission after lung resection and to develop a risk composite measure to predict its effective use. Methods. 120 adult patients undergoing elective lung resection were enrolled in an observational prospective cohort study. Preoperative evaluation and intraoperative assessment were recorded. In the postoperative period, patients were stratified into two groups according to the effective and ineffective use of ICU. The use of ICU care was considered effective if a patient experienced one or more of the following: maintenance of controlled ventilation or reintubation; acute respiratory failure; hemodynamic instability or shock; and presence of intraoperative or postanesthesia complications. Results. Thirty patients met the criteria for effective use of ICU care. Logistic regression analysis identified three independent predictors of effective use of ICU care: surgery for bronchiectasis, pneumonectomy, and age ≥ 57 years. In the absence of any predictors the risk of effective need of ICU care was 6%. Risk increased to 25-30%, 66-71%, and 93% with the presence of one, two, or three predictors, respectively. Conclusion. ICU care is not routinely necessary for all patients undergoing lung resection.

Impact of preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation on the Thoracoscore of patients undergoing lung resection.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with dyspnoea who are suitable for lung resection have a higher in-hospital mortality following surgery as predicted by the Thoracoscore. We evaluated the role of preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation (PPR) in improving preoperative dyspnoea, performance status and thereby the Thoracoscore and reducing the risk of postoperative mortality, complications and length of stay in such patients. METHODS: From June 2013 until May 2014, we prospectively and sequentially identified high-risk patients in our outpatient clinic with dyspnoea grade ≥2 and performance status ≥1 for lung resection and recruited them for PPR. Thoracoscores, dyspnoea grade and performance status before and after PPR were calculated for all patients. Hospital mortality, complication rates and the length of hospital stay following surgery were compared between those who received PPR with those who did not undergo PPR and instead went straight to surgery. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients (67% females, mean age 67 years [SD 13]) identified, 33 patients received PPR for a mean duration of 7.1 [SD 6.5] days. Their mean Thoracoscores before and after PPR were 6.4 [SD 5.1] and 1.7% [SD 1.3] (P < 0.00009); dyspnoea grade 3.8 [SD 0.6] and 2.2 [SD 0.6] (P < 0.00001); and performance status 2.7 [SD 0.5] and 1.7 [SD 0.6] (P < 0.00001), respectively. The postoperative mortality in those who received PPR and those who did not undergo PPR but went straight to surgery, respectively, was 0 vs 11.1% (P = 0.05), postoperative complication rate was 5.3 vs 37.5% (P < 0.015) and the mean length of hospital stay was 8.7 [SD 3.5] days vs 10.3 [SD 6.2] days (P = 0.26), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study suggests that in those patients with dyspnoea requiring lung resection, PPR significantly improves their exercise capacity, reduces dyspnoea and improves the Thoracoscore. The study also suggests that PPR helps reduce postoperative complications and obviates the increased length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality that may be otherwise expected.

Los ejercicios respiratorios postoperatorios reducen el riesgo de complicaciones pulmonares en pacientes sometidos a lobectomía / Postoperative Respiratory Exercises Reduce the Risk of Developing Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Lobectomy

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de un programa intensivo de fisioterapia postoperatoria basado en ejercicios respiratorios dirigido a pacientes lobectomizados mediante toracotomía abierta. Diseño : Estudio cuasiexperimental. Emplazamiento: Hospital universitario terciario. Participantes: Doscientos ocho (208) pacientes lobectomizados mediante toracotomía abierta. Intervención: Los pacientes del grupo control (n=102) recibieron atención médica/de enfermería estándar y los pacientes del grupo experimental (n=106), además de la atención clínica estándar, se sometieron a un programa de fisioterapia diaria basada en ejercicios respiratorios hasta el momento del alta hospitalaria. Variables de resultado: Las variables de resultado estudiadas incluyeron la frecuencia de complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias (CPP) más susceptibles de tratamiento fisioterapéutico (neumonía, atelectasias e insuficiencia respiratoria) y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria (DEH). Resultados: Las características preoperatorias y quirúrgicas de ambos grupos fueron comparables. La incidencia de CPP registrada fue de un 20,6% en el grupo control y un 6,6% en el grupo experimental (p = 0,003). La mediana y el RIC de la DEH fue de 14 y 7días, respectivamente (estimador M de Huber 14,21) en el grupo control y de 12 y 6días (estimador M de Huber 12,81) en el grupo experimental. El modelo de regresión logística creado identificó al programa de fisioterapia evaluado (p = 0,017; EXP (B) [IC 95% 0,081-0,780]) y al porcentaje del FEV1 (p = 0,042; EXP (B) [IC 95% 0,941-0,999]) como factores protectores frente al desarrollo de CPP en los pacientes intervenidos de lobectomía. Conclusiones: La implementación de un programa intensivo de fisioterapia postoperatoria basado en ejercicios respiratorios reduce el riesgo de desarrollar CPP y la DEH en pacientes lobectomizados

Objective: To evaluate the effects of an intensive postoperative physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises in patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Tertiary referral academic hospital. Participants: 208 patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. Interventions: Control group patients (n = 102) received standard medical/nursing care, and experimental group patients (n=106) added to the standard clinical pathway a daily physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises until discharge. Outcomes: Analyzed outcomes were the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) more amenable to physiotherapy (pneumonia, atelectasis and respiratory insufficiency) and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: Both groups were comparable regarding preoperative and surgical characteristics. Incidence of PPCs was 20.6% in control and 6.6% in experimental group (P = .003). Median (IQR) LOS in control group was 14 (7) days (Huber M estimator 14.21) and 12 (6) days (Huber M estimator 12.81) in experimental. Logistic regression model identified the evaluated physiotherapy program (P = .017; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.081-0.780) and % FEV1 (P = .042; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.941-0.999) as protective factors for the development of PPCs in patients undergoing lobectomy. Conclusions: Implementing a postoperative intensive physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises reduces the risk of PPCs and resultant LOS on patients undergoing lobectomy

Postoperative Respiratory Exercises Reduce the Risk of Developing Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Lobectomy. / Los ejercicios respiratorios postoperatorios reducen el riesgo de complicaciones pulmonares en pacientes sometidos a lobectomía.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of an intensive postoperative physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises in patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study. SETTING: Tertiary referral academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 208 patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. INTERVENTIONS: Control group patients (n=102) received standard medical/nursing care, and experimental group patients (n=106) added to the standard clinical pathway a daily physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises until discharge. OUTCOMES: Analyzed outcomes were the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) more amenable to physiotherapy (pneumonia, atelectasis and respiratory insufficiency) and length of hospital stay (LOS). RESULTS: Both groups were comparable regarding preoperative and surgical characteristics. Incidence of PPCs was 20.6% in control and 6.6% in experimental group (P=.003). Median (IQR) LOS in control group was 14 (7) days (Huber M estimator 14.21) and 12 (6) days (Huber M estimator 12.81) in experimental. Logistic regression model identified the evaluated physiotherapy program (P=.017; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.081-0.780) and % FEV1 (P=.042; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.941-0.999) as protective factors for the development of PPCs in patients undergoing lobectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a postoperative intensive physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises reduces the risk of PPCs and resultant LOS on patients undergoing lobectomy.

Systematic review of the influence of enhanced recovery pathways in elective lung resection.

OBJECTIVE: Enhanced-recovery pathways aim to accelerate postoperative recovery and facilitate early hospital discharge. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence regarding the influence of this intervention in patients undergoing lung resection. METHODS: The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. Eight bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for studies comparing postoperative outcomes in adult patients treated within an enhanced-recovery pathway or traditional care. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. RESULTS: Six studies fulfilled our selection criteria (1 randomized and 5 nonrandomized studies). All the nonrandomized studies reported shorter length of stay in the intervention group (difference, 1.2-9.1 days), but the randomized study reported no differences. There were no differences between groups in readmissions, overall complications, and mortality rates. Two nonrandomized studies reported reduction in hospital costs in the intervention group. Risk of bias favoring enhanced recovery pathways was high. CONCLUSIONS: A small number of low-quality comparative studies have evaluated the influence of enhanced-recovery pathways in patients undergoing lung resection. Some studies suggest that this intervention may reduce length of stay and hospital costs, but they should be interpreted in light of several methodologic limitations. This review highlights the need for well-designed trials to provide conclusive evidence about the role of enhanced-recovery pathways in this patient population.

[Outpatient thoracoscopic resection of lung nodules within a fast-track recovery program]. / Résection thoracoscopique ambulatoire de nodules pulmonaires dans le cadre de la réhabilitation précoce.

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of outpatient surgery are to reduce the risks related to the hospitalization, to improve the postoperative recovery and to optimize contact with family physicians. The objective of this work is to present the first unit of outpatient pulmonary surgery and to report the results of the resections of pulmonary nodules in outpatient surgery in the setting of early discharge. METHODS: The indications for the resection of nodules were discussed in a multidisciplinary thoracic oncology meeting. The patients underwent resection of one or more lung nodules by thoracoscopy after verification that they met the anaesthetic and surgical criteria for ambulatory surgery. We analyzed the characteristics of the population, the duration of surgery, the type of resection, the time of the chest drain removal and the postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: Between November 2013 and December 2014, 51 patients underwent sub-lobar pulmonary resections. Among them 7 patients (4 men and 3 women), with an average age of 57.6 years (39-64) and histories of malignant tumor, underwent 7 atypical resections and two segmentectomies in outpatient surgery (3 patients had two resections). The average operating time was 53.75min (30-90). The chest drain was removed before the third hour in 8 cases and on the third day in one case. The average tumor diameter was 10.375mm (6-23). The histology revealed a metastasis of colorectal carcinoma in 4 cases, a metastasis of a renal carcinoma in 1 case, an in situ adenocarcinoma in 1 case and a benign tumor in 3 cases. Neither recurrence nor complication was observed during an average follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSION: Thanks to a protocol of early mobilisation and discharge included in a well established clinical care pathway, thoracoscopic resection of lung nodules is feasible, with safety in properly selected and prepared patients in outpatient surgery.