[Diagnosis and antibiotic therapy of nosocomial pneumonia in adults: from recommendations to real practice. A review].

Nosocomial pneumonia is a healthcare-associated infection with significant consequences for the patient and the healthcare system. The efficacy of treatment significantly depends on the timeliness and adequacy of the antibiotic therapy regimen. The growth of resistance of gram-negative pathogens of nosocomial pneumonia to antimicrobial agents increases the risk of prescribing inadequate empirical therapy, which worsens the results of patient treatment. Identification of risk factors for infection with multidrug-resistant microorganisms, careful local microbiological monitoring with detection of resistance mechanisms, implementation of antimicrobial therapy control strategy and use of rational combinations of antibacterial drugs are of great importance. In addition, the importance of using new drugs with activity against carbapenem-resistant strains, including ceftazidime/aviabactam, must be understood. This review outlines the current data on the etiology, features of diagnosis and antibacterial therapy of nosocomial pneumonia.

Comparative study of the etiology of nosocomial bacteremic pneumonia in ventilated and non-ventilated patients: a 10-year experience in an institution.

IMPORTANCE: This study on bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia (bNP) demonstrates the importance of this condition both in patients undergoing and not undergoing mechanical ventilation. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacterales, and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli are all causative agents in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), with a predominance of S. aureus in HAP and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in VAP. Mortality in this condition is very high. Therefore, new therapeutic and preventive approaches should be sought.

Evaluation of the Risk Factors of Nosocomial Pneumonia and the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Trauma Patients in Need of Immediate Intervention.

Background: Pneumonia is the most common nosocomial infection reported worldwide in intensive care units. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of nosocomial pneumonia and the frequency of antibiotic resistance in trauma patients who need immediate intervention. Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Shahid Rajaei Trauma Hospital in Shiraz between 2020 and 2021. All the trauma patients who needed immediate intervention (levels 1 and 2 based on the Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale) and had no symptoms of infection were included. Patients who were discharged or died before 48 hours were excluded. Results: The results demonstrated that major trauma (Injury Severity Score [ISS] ≥16), intubation, and use of invasive mechanical ventilation increase nosocomial pneumonia and death rate. The most common causes of nosocomial infections were Acinetobacter baumannii (23%) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus (18.5%). The highest levels of antibiotic resistance were related to cefoxitin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions: Major trauma, intubation, and invasive mechanical ventilation were the effective factors in the development of nosocomial pneumonia. Continuous monitoring for mentioned risk factors and strict surveillance of antibiotic prescription can decrease the prevalence of nosocomial infections and subsequent deaths.

A novel risk score for predicting hospital acquired pneumonia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a common complication in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients and has been confirmed associated with unfavorable outcome of aSAH patients. This study is designed to explore risk factors and develop predictive model of hospital acquired pneumonia in aSAH patients. METHODS: 351 aSAH patients received treatments in the neuro-intensive care unit (NICU) of West China hospital were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to explore risk factors of hospital acquired pneumonia. And predictive model for pneumonia was also constructed using logistic regression. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the constructed model and single markers. RESULTS: 96 aSAH patients developed hospital acquired pneumonia with incidence of 27.4%. Logistic regression analysis showed World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) score (0R = 1.677, p = 0.006), neutrophil count (0R = 1.300, p = 0.042), red blood cell transfusion (0R = 3.035, p = 0.030) and tracheostomy (0R = 7.645, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors of pneumonia in aSAH patients. Consisted of these four factors, the constructed model was valuable in predicting pneumonia with AUC of 0.808. The AUC of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase for predicting pneumonia was 0.671 and 0.613, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: WFNS, high neutrophil at admission, need of RBC transfusion and tracheostomy were independent risk factors of hospital acquired pneumonia in aSAH patients. The novel predictive model we constructed is efficient in evaluating possibility of pneumonia in aSAH patients during hospitalizations.

Factors affecting 90-day mortality in community and hospital acquired pneumonia patients with or without acute kidney injury.

Background: AKI is a significant risk factor for mortality. Inflammatory markers are commonly used in the prediction of prognosis in pneumonia patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of AKI in hospitalized CAP and HAP patients and to investigate the role of inexpensive, practical, routinely measured serum biomarkers in predicting 90-day mortality. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study included 381 patients in CAP patients and HAP patients who were hospitalized in our Chest Diseases clinic or ICU. Results: Ninety-day mortality occurred in 115 (30.2%) patients (CAP, 28.7%; HAP, 34.7%). AKI was detected in 25.5% of the patients. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the 90-day mortality risk was 0.931, 1.05, 0.607, and 1.999 times greater in patients with an increased APACHE II score and increased WBC, 1-h creatinine, and 48-h creatinine levels, respectively. In CAP patients, the 90-day mortality risk was 0.296, 0.539, and 1.966 times greater in patients with an increased CURB-65 score and elevated 1-h and 48-h creatinine levels, respectively. In HAP patients, however, the 90-day mortality risk was 3.554 times greater in patients with an increased 48-h creatinine level. Conclusion: Novel practical scoring systems based on serum creatinine levels are needed for the prediction of long-term prognosis in pneumonia patients.

A severe case of human coronavirus 229E pneumonia in an elderly man with diabetes mellitus: a case report.

BACKGROUND: With pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have recently attached worldwide attention as essential pathogens in respiratory infection. HCoV-229E has been described as a rare cause of lower respiratory infection in immunocompetent adults. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a 72-year-old man infected by HCoV-229E with rapid progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome, in conjunction with new onset atrial fibrillation, intensive care unit acquired weakness, and recurrent hospital acquired pneumonia. Clinical and radiological data were continuously collected. The absolute number of peripheral T cells and the level of complement components diminished initially and recovered after 2 months. The patient was successfully treated under intensive support care and discharged from the hospital after 3 months and followed. CONCLUSION: HCoV-229E might an essential causative agent of pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage. Supportive treatment was essential to HCoVs infection on account of a long duration of immunological recovery in critical HCoV-229E infection.

Nutritional risk screening score as an independent predictor of nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia: a cohort study of 67,280 patients.

BACKGROUND: Currently, the association of nutritional risk screening score with the development of nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) is unknown. This study investigated whether nutritional risk screening score is an independent predictor of NV-HAP. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between September 2017 and June 2020 in a tertiary hospital in China. The tool of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) was used for nutritional risk screening. A total score of ≥3 indicated a patient was "at nutritional risk." Logistic regression was applied to explore the association between the NRS score and NV-HAP. RESULTS: A total of 67,280 unique patients were included in the study. The incidence of NV-HAP in the cohort for the NRS < 3 and ≥ 3 NRS group was 0.4% (232/62702) and 2.6% (121/4578), respectively. In a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for all of the covariates, per 1-point increase in the NRS score was associated with a 30% higher risk of NV-HAP (OR = 1.30; 95%CI:1.19-1.43). Similarly, patients with NRS score ≥ 3 had a higher risk of NV-HAP with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.06 (confidence interval (CI): 1.58-2.70) than those with NRS score < 3. Subgroup analyses indicated that the association between the NRS score and the risk of NV-HAP was similar for most strata. Furthermore, the interaction analyses revealed no interactive role in the association between NRS score and NV-HAP. CONCLUSION: NRS score is an independent predictor of NV-HAP, irrespective of the patient's characteristics. NRS-2002 has the potential as a convenient tool for risk stratification of adult hospitalized patients with different NV-HAP risks.

Clinical and laboratory factors associated with nosocomial pneumonia in adult patients in the internal medicine department of a national hospital in Peru: A case-control study. / Factores clínicos y de laboratorio asociados a neumonía nosocomial en pacientes adultos en el servicio de medicina interna de un hospital nacional de Perú: estudio de casos y controles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how clinical and laboratory factors were associated with nosocomial pneumonia in adult patients hospitalized in an internal medicine department. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective unmatched case-control study. We recorded clinical and epidemiological data from patients discharged from an internal medicine department of a Peruvian reference hospital, the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, between 2016 and 2018. Bivariate and multivariate analyses (using logistic regression models) were performed to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. We calculated the population attributable fraction of the significant variables. RESULTS: We analyzed 138 cases and 200 controls, with a mean age of 72.6 ± 17.8 years (21 to 104) for cases and 71.7 ± 15.3 years (19 to 98) for controls. The multivariate analysis indicated that severe anemia (adjusted odds ratio 9.0, confidence interval 95% 1.9 to 43.1, P = 0.01), severe hypoalbuminemia (adjusted odds ratio 4.0, confidence interval 95% 1.2 to 13.8, P = 0.03), altered state of consciousness (adjusted odds ratio 3.6, confidence interval 95% 1.6 to 8.2, P = 0.00), and prior use of antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio 6.3, confidence interval 95% 2.7 to 14.5, P = 0.00) were significantly associated with nosocomial pneumonia. The population attributable fraction found were 41.8% for altered state of consciousness, 33.2% for severe anemia, and 36.3% for severe hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSION: Clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with nosocomial pneumonia development in adult patients hospitalized in an internal medicine department were severe anemia, severe hypoalbuminemia, altered consciousness, and previous use of antibiotics.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La neumonía nosocomial es la infección intrahospitalaria más frecuente y es responsable de alta morbimortalidad en todo el mundo, por lo que su estudio es muy importante. OBJETIVO: Determinar cómo los factores clínicos y de laboratorio se asociaron a neumonía nosocomial en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en un servicio de medicina interna. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles no pareado. Se recolectaron los datos clínicos epidemiológicos de pacientes egresados del departamento de medicina interna durante el periodo 2016 a 2018 de un centro de referencia en Perú: el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza. Se realizó análisis bivariado y multivariado, usando el método de regresión logística, para obtener Odds ratio crudos y ajustados, con un intervalo de confianza de 95%. El valor p < 0,05 fue considerado significativo. Se calculó la fracción atribuible poblacional de las variables significativas. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 138 casos y 200 controles, la media de edad fue de 72,6 ± 17,8 años (21 a 104) para los casos y 71,7 ± 15,3 años (19 a 98) para los controles. En el análisis multivariado la anemia severa (Odds ratio ajustado: 9,0; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,9 a 43,1; p = 0,01), hipoalbuminemia severa (Odds ratio ajustado: 4,0; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,2 a 13,8; p = 0,03), trastorno de conciencia (Odds ratio ajustado: 3,6; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,6 a 8,2; p = 0,00) y el uso previo de antibióticos (Odds ratio ajustado: 6,3; intervalo de confianza 95%: 2,7 a 14,5; p = 0,00) se asociaron independientemente con la neumonía nosocomial. La fracción atribuible poblacional encontrada fue 41,8% para trastorno de conciencia, 33,2% para anemia severa y 36,3% para hipoalbuminemia severa. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgos clínicos y de laboratorio asociados al desarrollo de neumonía nosocomial en pacientes adultos hospitalizados fueron la anemia severa, la hipoalbuminemia severa, el trastorno de conciencia y el uso previo de antibióticos.

Fatal fulminant community-acquired pneumonia caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae K2-ST86: Case report.

RATIONALE: Invasive community-acquired infections, including pyogenic liver abscesses, caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) strains have been well recognized worldwide. Among these, sporadic hvKp-related community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an acute-onset, rapidly progressing disease that can likely turn fatal, if left untreated. However, the clinical diagnosis of hvKp infection remains challenging due to its non-specific symptoms, lack of awareness regarding this disease, and no consensus definition of hvKp. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 39-year-old man presented with high-grade fever and sudden-onset chest pain. Laboratory testing revealed an elevated white blood cell count of 11,600 cells/µl and C-reactive protein level (>32 mg/dl). A chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed a focal consolidation in the left lower lung field. DIAGNOSIS: Diagnosis of fulminant CAP caused by a hvKp K2-ST86 strain was made based upon multilocus sequencing typing (MLST). INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with ampicillin/sulbactam. OUTCOMES: The pneumonia became fulminant. Despite intensive care and treatment, he eventually died 15.5 hours after admission. LESSONS: This is the first case of fatal fulminant CAP caused by a hvKp K2-ST86 strain reported in Japan. MLST was extremely useful for providing a definitive diagnosis for this infection. Thus, we propose that a biomarker-based approach should be considered even for an exploratory diagnosis of CAP related to hvKp infection.

Prolonged treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia with high-flow nasal oxygen: A story of oxygen and resilience.

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant strain on the oxygen delivery infrastructure of health facilities in resource-constrained health systems. In this case report, we describe a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who was managed with high-flow nasal oxygen for 40 days, with an eventual successful outcome. We discuss the oxygen delivery infrastructure needed to offer this intervention, as well as the psychosocial impact on those undergoing treatment.

[Spontaneous lung volume reduction following pneumonia in a patient with emphysema]. / Normalisation ventilatoire après réduction de volume pulmonaire naturelle consécutive à une infection pulmonaire.

INTRODUCTION: Lung volume reduction can be effective in appropriately selected patients with severe emphysema and is associated with reduced breathlessness and improved survival. Spontaneous resolution of emphysematous bullae can also sometimes occur. CASE REPORT: We report a case of severe smoking-related emphysema in a 60-year-old patient, who presented in October 2013 with a right upper lobe acute community-acquired pneumonia on the background of previously undocumented emphysema. The patient improved following treatment with co-amoxiclav and serial radiology showed progressive cicatricial retraction. Nine months later there had been a major functional improvement characterized by a complete normalization of the patient's ventilatory parameters, specifically a 45% improvement in FEV1. In the literature, the average FEV1 improvement obtained by surgical or endoscopic lung volume reduction techniques does not exceed 28%. CONCLUSION: Rarely, emphysematous bullae resolve following infections. Further studies of the mechanisms involved in these natural regressions may be of interest in the development of new therapeutics.

A case report of community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia complicated with MODS in a previously healthy patient and related literature review.

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an unusual pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia, especially in previously healthy adults, but often indicates poor prognosis. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a previously healthy patient who developed severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by P. aeruginosa. He deteriorated to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) quickly, complicated by secondary hematogenous central nervous system (CNS) infection. After 1 month of organ support and antipseudomonal therapy, he had significant symptomatic improvement and was discharged from hospital. During treatment, the pathogen developed resistance to carbapenems quickly and the antibiotic regimen was adjusted accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: According to our case and related literature review, we conclude that more attention should be paid to community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia, because of its rapid progression and poor prognosis.

Utility of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment in Japanese patients with nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia.

AIM: To clarify the utility of sepsis evaluation using the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) tool in addition to the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI); age, dehydration, respiration, orientation and blood pressure (A-DROP) index; and immunodeficiency, respiration, orientation, age and dehydration (I-ROAD) scoring systems, and risk factor evaluation of potentially drug-resistant (PDR) pathogens are suggested in the 2017 guidelines for pneumonia of the Japanese Respiratory Society in nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia patients. METHODS: We included 289 hospitalized nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia patients between April 2016 and March 2017, and investigated the ability of PSI, A-DROP, I-ROAD and qSOFA to predict pneumonia-related mortality. We also evaluated the associations among the risk factors for PDR pathogens, the detection ratio of PDR pathogens and pneumonia-related mortality. RESULTS: The mortality rate of pneumonia during hospitalization was 6.9% (20/289). The area under the curve for pneumonia-related mortality predicted using PSI, A-DROP, I-ROAD and qSOFA was 0.697 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.80), 0.63 (95% CI 0.51-0.76), 0.61 (95% CI 0.52-0.70) and 0.701 (95% CI 0.59-0.81), respectively. In addition, higher areas under the curve were observed for pneumonia-related mortality predicted according to a combination of PSI and hypoalbuminemia (<2.5 g/dL) (0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.86), and qSOFA and hypoalbuminemia (0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.86) than for PSI and qSOFA alone. No significant associations were observed among the risk factors for PDR pathogens, the detection ratios of PDR pathogens and pneumonia-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: qSOFA and the combination of qSOFA and hypoalbuminemia might be simple and useful evaluation tools for predicting pneumonia-related mortality in nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 177-183.

Características de los pacientes con Neumonía Temprana Asociada a la Ventilación Mecánica, internados en el Servicio de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital Julio C. Perrando de Resistencia, Chaco, en el periodo comprendido desde el 01 de Mayo de 2016 hasta el 31 de Mayo de 2017 / Characteristics of patients with Early Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation, admitted to the Intensive Care Service of the Julio C. Perrando de Resistencia Hospital, Chaco, in the period from May 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017

Neumonía Temprana Asociada a la Ventilación Mecánica representa el 80% de casos de neumonías intrahospitalarias, en pacientes intubados o traqueostomizados bajo ventilación mecánica. Objetivos. Describir las características de los pacientes que presentan Neumonía Temprana Asociada a la Ventilación Mecánica, en el Servicio de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital "Dr. Julio C. Perrando", en el periodo comprendido desde 01/05/2016 al 31/05/2017. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. La muestra quedó conformada por 100 pacientes seleccionados entre 400, que reunían criterios de inclusión, exclusión y eliminación; luego se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple. Las variables fueron edad, sexo, tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, días de uso de ventilación mecánica, días de uso ventilación mecánica al momento del diagnóstico neumonía temprana y tipo de microorganismos. Resultados. Según la edad, el promedio fue 41 años; respecto al sexo, predominó el masculino, 52%. El promedio de tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue 25 días, y 22 días de uso de ventilación mecánica. Predominó un 52% al cuarto día de uso de ventilación mecánica hasta el diagnóstico de Neumonía Temprana. En los microorganismos, predominó Staphylococcus aureus, 39%. Conclusiones. El estudio demostró que el sexo masculino, 41 años de edad, 25 días de tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, 22 días de uso de VM, cuarto día de uso de VM para el diagnóstico Neumonía Temprana, y Staphylococcus aureus, son características en pacientes con Neumonía Temprana Asociada a la VM

Abstract. Early Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation represents 80% of cases of intrahospital pneumonia, in intubated or tracheostomized patients under mechanical ventilation. Objectives. To describe the characteristics of patients with Early Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation, in the Intensive Care Service of the "Dr. Julio C. Perrando ", in the period from 01/05/2016 to 05/31/2017. Materials and methods. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 100 patients selected among 400, who met criteria for inclusion, exclusion and elimination; then a simple random sampling was performed. The variables were age, sex, length of hospital stay, days of mechanical ventilation, days of mechanical ventilation at the time of diagnosis, early pneumonia and type of microorganisms. Results. According to age, the average was 41 years; regarding sex, the male predominated, 52%. The average length of hospital stay was 25 days, and 22 days of mechanical ventilation. It predominated 52% on the fourth day of mechanical ventilation until diagnosis of Early Pneumonia. In microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, 39%, predominated. Conclusions. The study showed that the male sex, 41 years of age, 25 days of hospital stay, 22 days of MV use, fourth day of MV use for the diagnosis of Early Pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus, are characteristic in patients with Pneumonia. Early Associated with the VM

Resumo A pneumonia precoce associada à ventilação mecânica representa 80% dos casos de pneumonia intra-hospitalar, em pacientes intubados ou traqueostomizados sob ventilação mecânica. Objetivos. Descrever as características dos pacientes com Pneumonia Precoce Associada à Ventilação Mecânica, no Serviço de Terapia Intensiva do "Dr. Julio C. Perrando ", no período de 01/05/2016 a 31/05/2017. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. A amostra foi composta por 100 pacientes selecionados entre 400, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão, exclusão e eliminação; Em seguida, foi realizada uma amostragem aleatória simples.As variáveis foram idade, sexo, tempo de internação, dias de ventilação mecânica, dias de ventilação mecânica no momento do diagnóstico, pneumonia precoce e tipo de microrganismo. Resultados. Segundo a idade, a média foi de 41 anos; Em relação ao sexo, predominou o sexo masculino, 52%. O tempo médio de internação foi de 25 dias e 22 dias de ventilação mecânica. Predominou 52% no quarto dia de ventilação mecânica até o diagnóstico de Pneumonia Precoce. Nos microorganismos, Staphylococcus aureus, 39%, predominou. Conclusões. O estudo mostrou que a do sexo masculino, 41 anos de idade, de 25 dias de permanência hospitalar, 22 dias de uso VM, quarto dia de uso VM para o diagnóstico de pneumonia de início precoce e Staphylococcus aureus são características em pacientes com pneumonia Associado cedo com a VM

Optimising the Bariatric Patients' Outcome through Cardiac Rehabilitation Approach.

Bariatric surgery offers a therapeutic alternative with favourable weight management, cardiovascular, metabolic and functional outcomes. Bariatric individuals often have functional impairments pre-operatively that can be addressed to improve post-operative results and eventual functional independence. Multidisciplinary team offers the best approach to address peri-operative needs and sustainable weight loss thereafter. We exemplified the application of cardiac rehabilitation therapeutic model in managing two bariatric clients with specific bariatric-related challenges. Our approach focuses on adaptive physical activity, sustainable lifestyle changes to promote post-operative weight loss through education and problem solving as well as secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Putting emphasis on addressing physical and psychosocial barriers towards physical activity alongside nutritional aspects potentially confers sustained if not better outcomes on weight reduction and functional improvement.

Utilidad de la modificación de la Escala Curb 65 en la evaluación de severidad de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes adultos del área de emergencia / Utility of the CURB65 score for the evaluation of severity of community acquired pneumonia in adults of the emergency setting

La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es una enfermedad infecciosa frecuente y potencialmente peligrosa. La escala CURB 65 fue propuesta, para clasificar a los pacientes con NAC en grupos, determinando la necesidad de hospitalización o manejo en una unidad de cuidados intensivos y predecir la mortalidad a los 30 días. Se ha determinado que la hipoxemia en pacientes con neumonía se asocia, independientemente de las variables clínicas y radiológicas con peores resultados clínicos. Objetivo: determinar la utilidad de la modificación de la escala CURB 65 (sustitución de la uremia por saturación de 02) en la evaluación de severidad de la NAC; lo que daría origen a la escala CORB 65, e igualmente estimar el papel de la Oximetría de pulso como una variable asociada a mayor mortalidad. Métodos: estudio abierto, con una primera fase transversal de Prueba vs. Prueba y una segunda fase de seguimiento a 8 y 30 días durante Noviembre de 2017 a Marzo de 2018 en el Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida ­ Venezuela. Resultados: en este análisis en comparación al estudio original los porcentajes de mortalidad fueron mayores en todos los grupos de pacientes con las 2 escalas. La úrea plasmática presentó diferencias notables entre los promedios del grupo de vivos (37,28±25,0 mg/dL) respecto al de fallecidos (51,62±48,4 mg/dL), no existiendo significancia estadística (p=0,21). Niveles más bajos de saturación de oxígeno se encontraron en el grupo de los fallecidos 81,59%±8,1, en comparacion con el grupo de los vivos 89,06%±6,9 dicho análisis mostró un valor de p de 0,001. Conclusiones: Este estudio mostró una buena concordancia/correlación de ambas escalas, de acuerdo a los resultados de los coeficientes: D de Somers, Gamma y Rho de Spearman. Recomendamos el uso de la escala CORB65 en la evaluación y seguimiento del paciente con NAC(AU)

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a frequent and potentially dangerous infectious disease. The CURB 65 score was applied, to classify the patients with CAP in groups, according to the need of admission in a medical ward or management in an intensive care unit; This score also predicts 30-day mortality. Objective: To determine the usefulness of a modification of the CURB65 score (replacement of uremia by saturation of 02) in the severity assessment of CAP(CORB65) score, and estimating the role of pulse oximetry to assess the presence or absence of hypoxemia associated with a higher mortality. Methods: An open study in two phases was carried out, with a first transversal phase of Test vs. Test and a second phase of follow-up at 8 and 30 days, from November 2017 to March 2018. Results: Compared to the original study, the mortality percentages were higher in all groups of patients with the 2 scores. The CURB 65 score was not used to define the need of hospital admission. Adequate oxygen saturation (> 92%) was related to greater survival at 30 days. No association was found between age and mortality in the group of deceased. Conclusions: Our study showed a good concordance / correlation of both scores, according to the results of the coefficients: D of Somers, Gamma and Rho of Spearman. We recommend the use of the CORB65 score in the evaluation and follow-up of the patient with CAP(AU)