An empirical study of schema-associated mnemonic method for classical Chinese poetry in primary and secondary education based on cognitive schema migration theory.

Classical Chinese poetry, as an indispensable part of China's national culture, provides valuable resources for improving literary literacy and fostering patriotism among primary and secondary school students. This study, based on cognitive schema migration theory, investigated the effect of a "schema-associated mnemonic method" on the memory efficiency and retention of classical Chinese poetry memorization among the students. Through a controlled experiment, the results revealed that the experimental group (n = 63) outperformed the control one in memorizing classical poetry with higher memory efficiency and retention, which indicates the sustainable application prospects of the method in primary and secondary education. The findings of this research can provide beneficial insights for the effective integration of classical Chinese poetry teaching and educational technologies.

Drawing as a strategy for children to learn ancient Chinese poetry.

Drawing is regarded as a promising strategy for children's learning, which has greatly been supported by research using science texts as learning materials. To shed light on the benefit of drawing on children's text-based learning in humanities, two classes of 86 grade 5 children were required to learn an ancient Chinese poem in an actual classroom setting, either by drawing a visual picture illustrating the poem or by reading repeatedly at their own pace as usual. Data analyses were conducted using (generalized) linear mixed-effects models. The results indicated that children who were allowed to generate a drawing during learning showed better learning performance of the entire poem than children who were allowed to read repeatedly regarding the delayed posttest rather than the immediate posttest. Besides, children in the drawing group reported a higher level of learning motivation than those in the reading group. We argue that the generative drawing effect can be tentatively extended to ancient Chinese poetry education.

Notes on growing love: Cherríe Moraga's "If," a world-making incantation conjuring collective consciousness through Chicana lesbian po(i)esis.

This essay introduces the embodied ceremonial practices of deep presence and sustained attentiveness as Chicana lesbian poetic devices that shape-shift Chicana lesbian subjectivities, socialities, and simultaneously the violence of colonial capitalist racial heteropatriarchies. My reading of the poem "If" in Carla Trujillo's rendering of Chicana lesbian desire in Chicana Lesbians: The Girls Our Mothers Warned Us About, delves into the shape-shifting and time-bending potentiation at the heart of Chicana lesbian poetics. Cherríe Moraga's "If" generously offers a map that stalls time with the magnificence of sustained attentiveness. The poet's observations entice the reader with a depth of presence that illuminate the subject, casting life-sustaining reimagined meanings onto otherwise commodified individuated bodies. Moraga's "If" refracts the meaning of loss, ghostly pasts, and unimaginable futures through embodiment, imbuing a vivid and deep presence capable of casting spells on futures yet to come. The poem posits total immersion in being-ecstasis, that blooms with the transformational potential of the ecstatic. This essay reads the poem "If" in the context of Moraga's oeuvre as ceremonial world-making incantation conjuring collective consciousness through Chicana lesbian po(i)esis.

He Looks Like My Father.

Social media has kept us connected in many ways but for Black adults, it can be a harrowing reminder of the treatment of Black bodies. This poem was crafted from focus group data on a study of the effects of vicarious racism on the mental health of Black adults in the wake of George Floyd's death in 2020. This poem uses elements of found poetry and incorporates texts from the narrative (re)telling of Black adults' emotional impact of seeing racially and police-involved killings of Black men. Participants expressed feelings of anger, powerlessness, and sadness and how watching these videos has led to avoidance behavior for the sake of coping. In this poem titled "He Looks like My Father," the participant shares a memory of the last video that they watched on social media in 2014 and why they continue to avoid this type of content. It's traumatizing. It is important to fully reflect on these stories as Black Americans struggle with staying informed and preserving their mental health while being inundated by a continuous feedback loop of Black death. The elements of this poem incorporate repetition and the bolded words are verbatim text from the participant transcript. I acknowledge that my positionality being a Black American woman, with a Black father, and having shared the embodied experience of witnessing Black death via social media influenced the meaning of this poem. As we continue to see a focus on naming racism as a public health threat, this form of vicarious racism is salient and should be explored as health professionals dig deeper into understanding the many ways racism permeates the lives of Black, is a daily stressor, and is a social determinant of mental health equity. These are the narratives from muted lips to unveil your eyes. To view the original version of this poem, see the supplemental material section of this article online.

Musical training alters neural processing of tones and vowels in classic Chinese poems.

Long-term rigorous musical training promotes various aspects of spoken language processing. However, it is unclear whether musical training provides an advantage in recognizing segmental and suprasegmental information of spoken language. We used vowel and tone violations in spoken unfamiliar seven-character quatrains and a rhyming judgment task to investigate the effects of musical training on tone and vowel processing by recording ERPs. Compared with non-musicians, musicians were more accurate and responded faster to incorrect than correct tones. Musicians showed larger P2 components in their ERPs than non-musicians during both tone and vowel processing, revealing increased focused attention on sounds. Both groups showed enhanced N400 and LPC for incorrect vowels (vs. correct vowels) but non-musicians showed an additional P2 effect for vowel violations. Moreover, both groups showed enhanced LPC for incorrect tones (vs. correct tones) but only non-musicians showed an additional N400 effect for tone violations. These results indicate that vowel/tone processing is less effortful for musicians (vs. non-musicians). Our study suggests that long-term musical training facilitates speech tone and vowel processing in a tonal language environment by increasing the attentional focus on speech and reducing demands for detecting incorrect vowels and integration costs for tone changes.