Educação financeira na família: uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos últimos 30 anos / Financial education in the family: a bibliographic research for the last 30 years / La educación financiera en la familia: una investigación bibliográfica de los últimos 30 años

trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória que teve o objetivo de verificar quais foram os assuntos que estão relacionados com o dinheiro nos últimos 30 anos (1987 a 2017), pelas bases de dados Psychoinfo, Webscience, Lilacs e Scielo. Para a coleta de dados nas bases de dados foram utilizadas as palavras chaves: Family, Money e financial education. Na análise, foi realizada uma leitura exploratória, na qual entrou-se em contato com a totalidade do artigo, lendo passagens esparsas do resumo e do texto. Após, foi realizada a leitura seletiva para aprofundar mais nas partes que interessavam, e pôr fim a leitura analítica, que consistiu em ordenar e sumarizar as informações contidas no artigo. Foram coletados um total de 706 artigos nas quatro bases de dados citadas. Nos resultados foram identificadas 86 publicações de artigos nas 4 bases de dados na última década, em contrapartida entre os anos de 1987 a 1997 foram identificados um total de 76 artigos e entre 1998 a 2007, 180 artigos. Conclui-se que, a temática sobre dinheiro tem sido importante nas investigações cientificas principalmente na última década.

This is an exploratory bibliographic research that aimed to verify which subjects were related to money in the last 30 years (1987 to 2017), using the Psychoinfo, Webscience, Lilacs and Scielo databases. For the collection of data in the databases the keywords were used: Family, Money and financial education. In the analysis, an exploratory reading was carried out, in which the entire article was contacted, reading sparse passages from the abstract and the text. Afterwards, the selective reading was carried out to go deeper into the parts that were of interest, and put an end to the analytical reading, which consisted of ordering and summarizing the information contained in the article. A total of 706 articles were collected in the four databases cited. In the results, 86 publications of articles were identified in the 4 databases in the last decade, in contrast between the years 1987 to 1997, a total of 76 articles were identified and between 1998 and 2007, 180 articles. It is concluded that, the theme about money has been important in scientific investigations mainly in the last decade.

Se trata de una investigación bibliográfica exploratoria que tuvo como objetivo verificar qué temas estaban relacionados con el dinero en los últimos 30 años (1987 a 2017), utilizando las bases de datos Psychoinfo, Webscience, Lilacs y Scielo. Para la recogida de datos en las bases de datos se utilizaron las palabras clave: Familia, Dinero y educación financiera. En el análisis se realizó una lectura exploratoria, en la que se contactó con todo el artículo, leyendo escasos pasajes del resumen y del texto. Posteriormente, se realizó la lectura selectiva para profundizar en las partes que eran de interés, y poner fin a la lectura analítica, que consistió en ordenar y resumir la información contenida en el artículo. Se recogieron un total de 706 artículos en las cuatro bases de datos citadas. En los resultados se identificaron 86 publicaciones de artículos en las 4 bases de datos en la última década, en contraste entre los años 1987 a 1997 se identificaron un total de 76 artículos y entre 1998 y 2007, 180 artículos. Se concluye que el tema del dinero ha sido importante en las investigaciones científicas principalmente en la última década.

Promoting measurement-based care and quality measure development: The APA mental and behavioral health registry initiative.

Measurement-based care has important implications across multiple avenues in mental and behavioral health care, including clinical care, quality improvement, and accountability. Using measurement-based care to demonstrate that quality care is being provided within the context of cost-efficient care could strengthen the position of mental and behavioral health providers as critical members of the health care system. Yet when measurement-based care is used to assess performance of providers, and then that performance influences reimbursement, it must be done with great care and deliberation so as not to result in unintended consequences such as punishing providers. Given psychology's expertise in measurement, the American Psychological Association (APA) and its members are uniquely suited to be leaders in promoting measurement-based care to assess quality and value. In this policy analysis paper, we examine the importance of measurement-based behavioral and mental health care across a variety of public service populations. We describe the increased federal regulatory focus on promoting quality and cost efficient care, the importance of defining and measuring quality care, and introduce an important resource being developed by APA to promote provider engagement in measurement-based care and effective participation in payment reform efforts in health care. We conclude with specific recommendations for how the field can move forward with using measurement-based care to assess accountability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

A Remarkable Legacy: The Wayne F. Placek Fund Grant Program.

Gregory M. Herek, PhD, made an important professional contribution through his service as chair of the Scientific Review Committee of the Wayne F. Placek Fund of the American Psychological Foundation (APF). The scholars funded by this grant benefited from the prestige of the grant, which provided an important credential for early career professional development. Many of them went on to become significant researchers in the field of sexual and gender minorities. The studies funded by the Placek Grant also had important political and social effects, such as on legalizing adoption by lesbian and gay parents, passage of same-sex marriage, and demonstrating that lesbians and gay men were at elevated risk for physical health problems. The purpose of the present article is to document the history and impact of the Placek Grant and to describe Greg Herek's central role in this grant program.

The Cost Effectiveness of Embedding a Behavioral Health Clinician into an Existing Primary Care Practice to Facilitate the Integration of Care: A Prospective, Case-Control Program Evaluation.

This project evaluated the cost effectiveness of integrating behavioral health services into a primary care practice using a prospective, case-control design. New Directions Behavioral Health collaborated with a large Kansas City primary care practice to integrate a licensed psychologist (i.e., behavioral health clinician) into the practice. Patient claims data were examined 21 months prior to and 14 months after the psychologist began providing full-time behavioral health services within the practice. Claims data from patients with Blue Cross Blue Shield of Kansas City insurance (BCBSKC) who had at least one encounter with the psychologist (N = 239) were compared to control patients (BCBSKC fully insured patients at large) to calculate cost savings. The results demonstrated that integrating behavioral health services into the practice was associated with $860.16 per member per year savings or 10.8% savings in costs for BCBSKC patients. Integrating behavioral health services into primary care may lead to reductions in health care costs.

Leonard D. Goodstein (1927-2016).

Presents an obituary for Leonard D. Goodstein, who died in Scottsdale, Arizona, on July 20, 2016, at the age of 89. Goodstein was CEO of APA at a crucial time in its history when it faced both crippling financial difficulties and intramural conflict regarding the purpose of the organization. His efforts yielded important financial results and lasting structural changes to the organization. (PsycINFO Database Record

Review of research grant allocation to psychosocial studies in diabetes research.

AIMS: To estimate and discuss the allocation of diabetes research funds to studies with a psychosocial focus. METHODS: Annual reports and funded-research databases from approximately the last 5 years (if available) were reviewed from the following representative funding organizations, the American Diabetes Association, the Canadian Diabetes Association, Diabetes Australia, Diabetes UK, the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation and the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, in order to estimate the overall proportion of studies allocated research funding that had a psychosocial focus. RESULTS: An estimated mean of 8% of funded studies from our sample were found to have a psychosocial focus. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of funded studies with a psychosocial focus was small, with an estimated mean ratio of 17:1 observed between funded biomedical and psychosocial studies in diabetes research. While several factors may account for this finding, the observation that 90% of funded studies are biomedical may be partly attributable to the methodological orthodoxy of applying biomedical reductionism to understand and treat disease. A more comprehensive and systemic whole-person approach in diabetes research that resembles more closely the complexity of human beings is needed and may lead to improved care for individuals living with diabetes or at risk of diabetes.

Capturing Psychologists' Work in Academic Health Settings: The Role of the Educational Value Unit (EVU).

This paper describes how psychology faculty positions in academic health centers (AHCs) have evolved to meet the changing needs in healthcare. In that context, the roles of psychologists have expanded significantly to include a wide array of clinical responsibilities, teaching and supervisory roles, administrative functions, research initiatives, and academic scholarship. Traditionally, faculty compensation plans have been calculated through the use of Relative Value Units which are primarily based on clinical service delivery, hence, incomplete when attempting to account for these growing academic responsibilities. This paper reviews the need to expand the ways in which the work provided by psychologists is appropriately identified and compensated for in AHCs. Drawing upon six models utilized in other areas of medical education, this paper describes the potential utility of incorporating Educational Value Units as a metric for capturing this expanding set of academic responsibilities and systematically incorporating them into a psychologist's job design. Recommendations for future considerations are provided.

Mechanisms of the Effect of Involuntary Retirement on Older Adults' Self-Rated Health and Mental Health.

This study examined mechanisms of the effect of involuntary retirement on self-rated health and mental health among adults aged 50 or older. Using two waves of the Health and Retirement Study (2006 and 2010), we selected a sample of 1,195 individuals working for pay at baseline who responded to a lifestyle questionnaire in both waves. Regression-based path analyses were conducted to test the mediating effects of financial control, positive and negative family relationships, and social integration on the relationship between involuntary retirement and self-rated health and mental health. Results of mediation analyses indicated that transition to involuntary retirement was directly negatively associated with subsequent self-rated health and indirectly negatively associated with mental health via perception of less financial control. Voluntary retirement was indirectly positively associated with both self-rated and mental health via perception of more financial control. No significant direct or indirect effects of retirement were found when retirement was measured with an aggregate measure without specifying its voluntariness. Findings emphasize the importance of specifying the voluntariness of retirement and recognizing the heterogeneity in the mechanisms of involuntary and voluntary retirement.

Are professional psychology training programs willing the future to economic illiterates?: a clarion call for pedagogical action.

BACKGROUND: The behavioral health care environment in the United States is changing and many experts expect seismic shifts in access, accountability and reimbursement policies. Students in professional psychology training programs will be called upon to administer, manage, supervise and deliver clinically sound as well as cost effective services. While in general, traditional professional psychology training curricula prepare students well for clinical challenges, most students enter the profession naïve to the economic, financial and business enterprise crucibles in the behavioral health care marketplace. AIMS: This article examines the problem of such naiveté and offers several recommendations for improving graduate students' economic literacy. Moreover, the article argues that increased business and economic acumen may serve to close the research-practice gap in professional psychology. METHODS: The article reviews literature pertinent to training psychologists and highlights pedagogical gaps. RESULTS: Several recommendations for curricular development are offered. Specifically, adding courses in health care economics and basic business principles is suggested. Integrating cost-effectiveness analyses across all course content is proposed. The article also emphasizes both didactic and experiential learning opportunities. CONCLUSION: Course work should be augmented with training opportunities at the practicum, internship, and post-doctoral fellowship level.

Implications of RDoC for the research and practice of psychotherapy.

The field of psychotherapy is at an important juncture. Recent changes in the field include (a) the skeptical reception of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and (b) NIMH's prioritization of an alternative classification system to guide translational and intervention research. Moreover, (c) the field continues to be held accountable to governmental agencies and third-party payers to demonstrate its empirical basis. Thus, psychological research as it relates to the practice of psychotherapy is at a crossroads. In this article, we provide a brief overview of several generations of psychotherapy outcome research, including the consequences that followed in the 1980s as psychotherapy research moved toward randomized controlled trials for clinical disorders. We delineate the inherent strengths and limitations of this movement and address how the NIMH has recently responded with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). We then address philosophical and practical implications of the emphasis on a neuroscientific conceptualization of psychological problems. Finally, we discuss opportunities for a next generation of convergent science that incorporates, rather than replaces, psychosocial variables across stages of translational research and treatment development.

The American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Academy of Neuropsychology, and Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (APA Division 40) 2015 TCN Professional Practice and 'Salary Survey': Professional Practices, Beliefs, and Incomes of U.S. Neuropsychologists.

OBJECTIVE: The current survey updated professional practice and income information pertaining to clinical neuropsychology. METHODS: Doctoral-level members of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, Division 40 (Clinical Neuropsychology) of the American Psychological Association, and the National Academy of Neuropsychology and other neuropsychologists, as well as postdoctoral trainees in the Association of Postdoctoral Programs in Clinical Neuropsychology and at other training sites were invited to participate in a web-based survey in early 2015. The sample of 1777 respondents, of whom 1579 were doctoral-level practitioners and 198 were postdoctoral trainees, was larger than the prior 2010 income and practice survey. RESULTS: The substantial proportional change in gender has continued, with women now a clear majority in the postdoctoral trainee sample as well as in the practitioner sample. Dissimilar from the median age trajectory of American Psychological Association members, the median age of clinical neuropsychologists remains essentially unchanged since 1989, indicating a substantial annual influx of young neuropsychologists. The question of whether the Houston Conference training model has become an important influence in the specialty can now be considered settled in the affirmative among postdoctoral trainees and practitioners. Testing assistant usage remains commonplace, and continues to be more common in institutions. The vast majority of clinical neuropsychologists work full-time and very few are unemployed and seeking employment. The numbers of neuropsychologists planning to retire in the coming 5-10 years do not suggest a "baby boomer" effect or an unexpected bolus of planned retirements in the next 10 years that would be large enough to be worrisome. Average length of time reported for evaluations appears to be increasing across time. The most common factors affecting evaluation length were identified, with the top three being: (1) goal of evaluation, (2) stamina/health of examinee, and (3) age of examinee. Pediatric specialists remain more likely than others to work part-time, more likely to work in institutions, report lower incomes than respondents with a lifespan professional identity, and are far more likely to be women. Incomes continue to vary considerably by years of clinical practice, work setting, amount of forensic practice, state, and region of country. Neurologists are the number one referral source in institutions and in private practice, as well as for pediatric, adult, and lifespan practitioners. Learning disability is no longer among the top five conditions seen by pediatric neuropsychologists; traumatic brain injury and seizure disorder are common reasons for clinical evaluations at all age ranges. There is a continued increase in forensic practice and a clear consensus on the use of validity testing. There is a substantial interest in subspecialization board certification, with the greatest interest evident among postdoctoral trainees. Income satisfaction, job satisfaction, and work-life balance satisfaction are higher for men. Job satisfaction varies across general work setting and across age range of practice. Work-life balance satisfaction is moderately correlated with income satisfaction and job satisfaction. Again in this five-year interval survey, a substantial majority of respondents reported increased incomes, despite experiencing substantial negative practice effects related to changes in the US health care system. Numerous breakdowns related to income and professional activities are provided. CONCLUSIONS: Professional practice survey information continues to provide valuable perspectives regarding consistency and change in the activities, beliefs, and incomes of US clinical neuropsychologists.

Grant and contract activity in 2012.

Presents a list of the American Psychological Association's grant and contract activity during 2012. The titles, grants or sponsors, and total award amounts are provided. Most grants include multiyear funding, and only active externally funded grants in excess of $1,500 are listed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).

Sample size planning with the cost constraint for testing superiority and equivalence of two independent groups.

The allocation of sufficient participants into different experimental groups for various research purposes under given constraints is an important practical problem faced by researchers. We address the problem of sample size determination between two independent groups for unequal and/or unknown variances when both the power and the differential cost are taken into consideration. We apply the well-known Welch approximate test to derive various sample size allocation ratios by minimizing the total cost or, equivalently, maximizing the statistical power. Two types of hypotheses including superiority/non-inferiority and equivalence of two means are each considered in the process of sample size planning. A simulation study is carried out and the proposed method is validated in terms of Type I error rate and statistical power. As a result, the simulation study reveals that the proposed sample size formulas are very satisfactory under various variances and sample size allocation ratios. Finally, a flowchart, tables, and figures of several sample size allocations are presented for practical reference.