Efetividade do ácido hialurônico na terapia tópica de queimaduras de espessura parcial e/ou espessura parcial profunda: revisão sistemática / Effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in topical treatment of partial thickness burns and/or deep partial thickness: systematic review

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade e segurança do ácido hialurônico na cicatrização completa, cicatrização parcial, tempo médio de cicatrização e prevenção de formação de queloides e cicatrizes hipertróficas, em pacientes hospitalizados com queimaduras de espessura parcial e/ou espessura parcial profunda, comparado com outros tratamentos. Método: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados, recuperados nas bases eletrônicas: (1) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, (2) Excerpta Medica Database, (3) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Health Literature, (4) Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, (5) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e (6) Web of Science. A busca foi realizada no período de junho e julho de 2015. Foram selecionados estudos que descreviam a aplicação de ácido hialurônico em pacientes hospitalizados, adultos ou crianças, que apresentavam queimaduras de espessura parcial ou parcial profunda, considerando diferentes formulações e associações de produtos. Os desfechos selecionados foram: (1) cicatrização completa, (2) cicatrização parcial ou redução da área da ferida, (3) prevenção de queloides e cicatrizes hipertróficas, (4) efeitos colaterais e efeitos adversos. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o programa Review Manager 5.3. Dois revisores independentes avaliaram o risco de viés dos ensaios clínicos e determinaram a inclusão dos estudos. As divergências entre avaliadores foram resolvidas pela intervenção de terceiro revisor. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi definida com a utilização da Ferramenta de Risco de Viés da Colaboração Cochrane. Resultados: Foram recuperados 69 estudos, dos quais, 20 estavam replicados entre as bases. Quatro estudos foram pré-selecionados e avaliados na íntegra, e dois que associaram ácido hialurônico e sulfadiazina de prata em queimaduras de espessura parcial foram incluídos à revisão. A cicatrização completa, que representou o desfecho principal dos estudos, apresentou significância estatística em favor do grupo intervenção. O teste de inconsistência do programa Review Manager 5.3 da Colaboração Cochrane apontou para uma heterogeneidade de 97%, inviabilizando assim, a realização de metanálise entre os estudos para o desfecho "tempo médio de cicatrização". Como houve cicatrização completa de todas as lesões durante o tempo de segmento não foi possível realizar a análise das variáveis categóricas. Conclusão: Os resultados desta revisão sistemática apontam que são necessários novos ensaios clínicos aleatorizados devido à escassez de estudos identificados e ao número reduzido de pacientes avaliados. No entanto, a ação tópica de creme de ácido hialurônico em associação com sulfadiazina de prata apresentou resposta significativamente favorável no que tange a cicatrização de queimaduras de espessura parcial ou espessura parcial profunda, sugerindo assim, a possibilidade para a utilização clínica do produto.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HA in complete healing, partial healing, average time of healing, and prevention of formation of keloid and hypertrophic scars in hospitalized patients with partial thickness burns and/or deep partial thickness burns, compared to other treatments. Methods: This study is based on a systematic review of randomized clinical trials retrieved in electronic databases: (1) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, (2) Excerpta Medica Database, (3) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Health Literature, (4) Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, (5) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and (6) Web of Science. The search was carried out from June to July 2015. Studies selected reporting the application of hyaluronic acid in hospitalized, adults or children, who had burns of partial thickness or deep partial thickness, considering different formulations and products associations. The selected endpoints were: (1) complete healing; (2) partial healing or reduction of wound area; (3) prevention of keloid and hypertrophic scars; and (4) side effects and adverse effects. For statistical analysis, the Review Manager 5.3 software was used. Two independent reviewers determined the inclusion of studies and evaluated the risk of bias of clinical trials. Disagreements among reviewers were resolved by the intervention of a third reviewer. The methodological quality of the studies was determined by Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Results: Sixty-nine studies were retrieved, from which twenty studies were replicated among the bases. Four studies were pre-selected and evaluated in full, including two which associated hyaluronic acid and silver sulfadiazine in partial thickness burns. Complete healing, which represented the main conclusion of the studies, showed statistically significant in favor of the intervention group. The Review Manager 5.3 inconsistency test of the Cochrane Collaboration indicated heterogeneity of 97%, thus impeding the holding of meta-analysis of studies for the outcome "mean time to healing". There was complete healing of all lesions during the segment time, therefore, analysis of categorical variables couldn't be performed. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review indicate that requires new randomized clinical trials due to scarcity of identified studies and the small number of evaluated patients. However, the topical action of hyaluronic acid cream in combination with silver sulfadiazine showed significantly a favorable response as it pertains the healing of partial-thickness or deep partialthickness burns, thus suggesting the possibility for the clinical use of the product.

[Collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone: a new therapeutic option for treatment of sequelae after radical mastectomy in women with breast cancer. Preliminary study]. / Colágeno-polivinilpirrolidona, nueva opción para tratar secuelas de la mastectomía radical en mujeres con cáncer mamario. Informe preliminar.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% of women who undergo mastectomy without reconstructive treatment due to breast cancer present sequelae. These include paresthesias, keloid healing, hypoesthesia, lymphedema and limitation of the function of the ipsilateral upper extremity. We undertook this study to present the results using collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Clg- Pvp) as treatment for posmastectomy sequelae in women with breast cancer. METHODS: We conducted a unicentric, longitudinal and prospective clinical trial between August 1, 2007 and July 31, 2008. Included variables were age, lymphedema, limitation of the function of the ipsilateral upper extremity, collapse of the wound, keloid healing, paresthesias, and appearance of the surgical area. The appearance of the surgical area (aesthetic aspect) was evaluated before and 6 months after treatment was initiated. Clg-Pvp was administered weekly for a 6-month period. RESULTS: Seven women were included with a median age of 49 years (range: 40-72 years). One patient (14.28%) presented lymphedema, two patients (28.57%) presented collapse of the wound, two patients (28.57%) had keloid healing, three patients (42.85%) experienced paresthesias, five patients (71.4%) reported pain, and five patients (71.4%) reported limitation of the function of the ipsilateral upper extremity. At the completion of the treatment, aesthetic improvement was statistically significant (p = 0.0020, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and aesthetic results are good after application of Clg-Pvp for treating sequelae in women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy without reconstructive surgery.

Keloids: a new challenge for nutrition.

Keloids are the result of a dysfunctional scarring process that leads to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in susceptible individuals, causing them physical, psychological, and social discomfort. Many studies have investigated various aspects of keloid physiopathology; however, the relationship between dietary components and keloids has not received much attention. The present literature review was conducted to examine the available evidence related to the relationships between nutrition/nutrients and keloids. Findings from in vitro and in vivo studies indicate possible associations exist between keloids and fatty acids, soluble fibers, and phytochemicals. However, these relationships have not been fully explored and new studies need to be carried out before any efficient diet-based therapy can be prescribed for the prevention and treatment of keloids.

Effects of low-level laser therapy on pain and scar formation after inguinal herniation surgery: a randomized controlled single-blind study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an infrared GaAlAs laser operating with a wavelength of 830 nm in the postsurgical scarring process after inguinal-hernia surgery. BACKGROUND: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to be beneficial in the tissue-repair process, as previously demonstrated in tissue culture and animal experiments. However, there is lack of studies on the effects of LLLT on postsurgical scarring of incisions in humans using an infrared 830-nm GaAlAs laser. METHOD: Twenty-eight patients who underwent surgery for inguinal hernias were randomly divided into an experimental group (G1) and a control group (G2). G1 received LLLT, with the first application performed 24 h after surgery and then on days 3, 5, and 7. The incisions were irradiated with an 830-nm diode laser operating with a continuous power output of 40 mW, a spot-size aperture of 0.08 cm(2) for 26 s, energy per point of 1.04 J, and an energy density of 13 J/cm(2). Ten points per scar were irradiated. Six months after surgery, both groups were reevaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), the Visual Analog Scale, and measurement of the scar thickness. RESULTS: G1 showed significantly better results in the VSS totals (2.14 +/- 1.51) compared with G2 (4.85 +/- 1.87); in the thickness measurements (0.11 cm) compared with G2 (0.19 cm); and in the malleability (0.14) compared with G2 (1.07). The pain score was also around 50% higher in G2. CONCLUSION: Infra-red LLLT (830 nm) applied after inguinal-hernia surgery was effective in preventing the formation of keloids. In addition, LLLT resulted in better scar appearance and quality 6 mo postsurgery.

Postoperative strontium-90 brachytherapy in the prevention of keloids: results and prognostic factors.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of keloidectomy and strontium 90 brachytherapy in the prevention of keloid recurrence following excision and to identify outcome and the prognostic factors that predict keloid recurrence after irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data of 612 patients with 892 keloids treated between 1992 and 2006 were evaluated retrospectively. Brachytherapy was performed using a Sr-90Y surface applicator. Total dose was 20 Gy in 10 fractions. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 61 months, the overall recurrence-free response rate for all keloids was 87.6%. Multivariate analysis revealed the following prognostic factors for recurrence: keloid size > 5 cm (p < 0.0001), burn scars as the keloid etiology (p < 0.0001), and previous treatment (p < 0.0001). Outcome was not found to be significantly related to the interval between surgery and radiotherapy, sex, or age. Pruritus and skin reddening were the most common symptoms of keloids, but all signs and symptoms abated with time after treatment. Cosmetic results from the keloid treatment were considered good or excellent in 70.6% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Our study findings show that excision plus Sr-90 brachytherapy is effective in the eradication of keloids. Sr-90 radiotherapy (20 Gy in 10 fractions) achieved a similar local control rate, as have higher doses per fraction in other series. It also resulted in a good cosmetic rate and relief of symptoms. Our data further suggest that the initiation of postoperative irradiation within hours of surgical excision is not important to therapeutic outcome.

Postsurgical use of imiquimod 5% cream in the prevention of earlobe keloid recurrences: results of an open-label, pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Traditional surgical modalities for the management of earlobe keloids are often associated with high recurrence rates. A recent report suggests that imiquimod 5% cream can be effective in the prevention of keloid recurrences after surgical excision. OBJECTIVES: To establish the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the prevention of recurrences of excised earlobe keloids. METHODS: Patients who attended a dermatologic surgery clinic for the treatment of earlobe keloids were recruited into the study. Earlobe keloids underwent parallel shave excision. Imiquimod 5% cream was applied daily for 8 weeks followed by an observation period of 16 weeks. In patients who presented with bilateral earlobe keloids, paired comparisons of imiquimod versus intralesional steroid injections were performed. RESULTS: Eight earlobes were treated with imiquimod 5% cream after parallel keloid removal. Twenty-four weeks after surgery, six (75%) remained recurrence free. Four patients underwent bilateral paired comparisons. At the end of the observation period, two patients (50%) remained recurrence free in the imiquimod-treated areas while experiencing recurrences in the intralesional steroid-treated areas. Local irritation secondary to imiquimod application required rest periods in three cases. In all cases, patients were able to resume therapy and completed the study without further complications. CONCLUSION: Although small and uncontrolled, the results of this open-label, pilot study suggest that imiquimod 5% cream may prove to be a reasonably effective adjuvant therapeutic alternative for the prevention of recurrences in excised earlobe keloids.