Migratory capacity and function of dendritic cells from mesenteric afferent lymph nodes after feeding a single dose of vitamin A.

Lamina propria dendritic cells (DCs) have a permanent turnover with constitutive migration to mesenteric lymph nodes and replenishment by progenitors. Luminal bacteria and dietary constituents provide key signals that endow DCs their unique properties in vivo. Taking into account that the intestinal immune system is greatly influenced by retinoids, we evaluated in B6 mice 3, 8, 16 and 24 h after feeding a single dose of vitamin A phenotype and function of cells present in mesenteric afferent lymph nodes as well as signals involved in migration. We studied the frequency of CD11c+MHC-II+CD103+CD86+ and RALDH+ DCs by flow cytometry, we determined CCL-21 and D6 levels in tissue homogenates by Western blot, and we co-cultured cells isolated from afferent lymphatics with sorted CD4+ lymphocytes to assess Foxp-3 induction and homing receptor expression. Sixteen hours after vitamin A administration, DCs isolated from afferent lymphatics were able to induce homing receptors and Foxp3 expression in CD4+ lymphocytes. Our results show that a single dose of vitamin A generated a stream of signals and amplified the tolerogenic activity of DCs migrating to lymphoid tissue.

Insuficiencia venosa cerebroespinal crónica y esclerosis múltiple: revisión y actualización del tema / Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis: a review and update of the subject

La etiología de la esclerosis múltiple se desconoce en el momento actual, aunque se acepta el origen inflamatorio autoinmune como el más probable. En la historia de esta enfermedad se propuso una fisiopatología vascular, la cual ha resurgido recientemente a partir de los trabajos de Paolo Zamboni y se ha denominado ‘insuficiencia venosa cerebroespinal crónica’. Siguiendo esta hipótesis, Zamboni plantea un tratamiento curativo para la esclerosis múltiple mediante tratamiento endovascular de la vena yugular interna y la vena ácigos. Sin embargo, varios equipos han intentado replicar sus resultados sin conseguirlo. En esta revisión describimos cronológica y objetivamente los estudios tanto de Zamboni como de los intentos posteriores de réplica. Nuestra principal conclusión es que con los resultados disponibles hasta la actualidad debemos ser cautos y no recomendar por el momento este tratamiento a nuestros pacientes de una forma sistemática (AU)

The aetiology of multiple sclerosis remains unknown at the present time, although the most likely explanation is that it has an autoimmune inflammatory origin. During the history of this disease a vascular pathophysiology was once proposed, and it has recently re-emerged as a result of the work by Paolo Zamboni with the name of ‘chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency’. Following this hypothesis, Zamboni puts forward a curative treatment for multiple sclerosis by means of endovascular treatment of the internal jugular vein and the azygos vein. However, several teams have attempted to replicate his findings without success. In this review, we offer a chronological description of the studies carried out by Zamboni and the later attempts to replicate his work. Our main conclusion is that, given the results we currently have available, we should be cautious and, for the time being, it would be advisable not to recommend the systematic use of this treatment for our patients (AU)