Distraction of Children Undergoing Vaccination / Distração de Crianças Durante Vacinação / Distracción de Niños durante la Vacunación

Abstract Vaccination is a procedure considered painful for children; therefore, the healthcare team should provide conditions for adequate pain assessment and control. This study sought to evaluate whether behavioral distraction procedures contribute to reduce pain perception and anxiety indicators in children during vaccination. One hundred and four children between three and 12 years attending a Health Center in the Federal District participated in the study. Children were divided into four groups: baseline, groups with balloons, cards and tablets. Data were obtained by means of sociodemographic questionnaires, the Monica and Friends Pain Scale and the Observational Scale of Distress Behavior. The collected data were measured using the SPSS Statistics program. Results show that the intervention groups had lower averages, concerning pain levels, incidence of competing behaviors and duration of vaccine procedures, compared to baseline.

Resumo A vacina é um procedimento considerado doloroso para crianças, portanto, a equipe de saúde deve fornecer condições para avaliação e controle adequados da dor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se procedimentos de distração comportamental contribuem para a redução da percepção de dor e de indicadores de ansiedade de crianças durante a vacinação. Participaram 104 crianças entre três e 12 anos em um Centro de Saúde do Distrito Federal. As crianças foram divididas em quatro grupos: linha de base, grupos com balões, cartões e tablet. Os dados foram obtidos através de: questionários sociodemográficos, Escala de Dor da Turma da Mônica e Observational Scale of Distress Behavior. Os dados coletados foram medidos por meio do programa SPSS Statistics. Os resultados revelaram que os grupos de intervenção apresentaram médias menores, em termos de níveis de dor, incidência de comportamentos concorrentes e duração dos procedimentos de vacina, em relação à linha de base.

Resumen La vacunación es un procedimiento considerado doloroso para los niños, por lo que el equipo de salud debe brindar las condiciones adecuadas para evaluación y control del dolor. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si los procedimientos de distracción conductual contribuyen a disminuir la percepción del dolor y los indicadores de ansiedad en los niños durante la vacunación. En este estudio participaron 104 niños de entre 3 y 12 años de un Centro de Salud del Distrito Federal (Brasil). Los niños se dividieron en cuatro grupos: grupo de línea de base, grupo con globos, tarjeta y tableta. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de cuestionarios sociodemográficos, la Escala de Dolor de Mónica y sus Amigos y la Observational Scale of Distress Behavior. Los datos recopilados se midieron utilizando el programa SPSS Statistics. Los resultados revelaron que los grupos de intervención tenían medias más bajas, en cuanto a los niveles de dolor, incidencia de conductas concurrentes y duración de los procedimientos de vacunación, en comparación con el de línea de base.

Use of a public park for physical activity in the Caribbean: evidence from a mixed methods study in Jamaica.

BACKGROUND: Small island Caribbean countries such as Jamaica are now facing an epidemic of obesity and decreased physical activity (PA) levels. Public parks have been shown to be important resources for PA that also provide psychological and social benefits associated with increased PA. There are no studies that document PA in parks in the Caribbean. METHODS: This study utilized a mixed method approach by using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) to obtain baseline data on park usage patterns in Emancipation Park, a large urban public park in Jamaica. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted to gain additional insights on the park's use for PA. RESULTS: The park was used mostly by females, in the evenings and by persons 18-64 years old. Females had significantly lower mean energy expenditure (EE) than males (0.078 versus 0.080 kcal/kg/min, p < 0.05). In-depth interviews revealed that safety, a central location within a business district, aesthetic appeal, a walking track and individual health benefits were key reasons for persons engaging in PA at the park. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to describe the usage of a public park for PA in Jamaica. The study elicited aspects of park use for PA in a major urban park in Jamaica from different vantage points by using direct systematic observation augmented with a qualitative approach. It revealed important differential park use for PA by sex, age group and EE levels, and provided insights into factors that motivate and hinder park usage for PA. This can be used by policymakers in Jamaica to inform PA interventions to reduce obesity, provide baseline data for comparisons with other parks in developing countries and to advocate for well-designed public parks.

Brincar na perspectiva psicoetológica: implicações para pesquisa e prática / Approche psycho-éthologique du jeu: de la recherche à la pratique / El juego desde una perspectiva psicoetológica: implicaciones para la investigación y la práctica / Psychoethological perspective on play: implications for research and practice

Este ensaio trata do brincar a partir da perspectiva psicoetológica e examina implicações para a pesquisa e a prática. Ao longo das últimas décadas, crianças vêm ganhando oportunidades de escolarização e atividades dirigidas por adultos, mas perdendo oportunidades de brincadeira livre autogerenciada. Isto é preocupante, considerando as indicações de modelos animais de que a brincadeira social autogerenciada é importante para o desenvolvimento do cérebro social e da capacidade de autorregulação de emoções. Este estudo representa um convite-justificativa para que as crianças recuperem oportunidades de brincadeira natural das quais vêm sendo privadas. Quanto mais conhecermos sobre o brincar, mais adequados seremos nas oportunidades que poderemos oferecer a elas. Precisamos de mais pesquisa sobre este tema na academia, num ambiente intelectual que facilite a colaboração entre etólogos, psicólogos, educadores e neurocientistas, promovendo interação bidirecional entre teoria e prática

Cet article se concentre sur le jeu dans la perspective psycho-éthologique et examine les implications pour la recherche et la pratique. Au cours des dernières décennies, les enfants reçoivent plus de possibilités d'éducation et activités dirigées par des adultes, mais souffrent d'un grave déficit de jeu autogéré. Cette situation est particulièrement préoccupante compte tenu des indications de modèles animaux que le jeu social autogéré est très important pour le développement du cerveau social et d'autorégulation émotionnelle. Ce texte est une invitation/justification pour promouvoir des occasions de jeu naturel pour les enfants. Plus on connaît les fondamentaux de jeu, le plus approprié seront les opportunités que nous pouvons offrir à nos enfants. Nous avons besoin de toute urgence davantage de recherches sur ce sujet, dans un environnement intellectuel qui facilitent les collaborations entre les éthologues, les psychologues, les éducateurs et les neuroscientifiques, et la promotion d'une interaction bidirectionnelle entre la théorie et la pratique

Este ensayo trata del juego desde el punto de vista psicoetológico y examina implicaciones para la investigación y la práctica. A lo largo de las últimas décadas, los niños han recibido oportunidades de escolarización y actividades dirigidas por adultos, pero han perdido oportunidades para el juego libre y autogestionado. Lo que resulta preocupante, teniendo en cuenta las sugerencias de los modelos animales de que el juego social autogestionado es importante para el desarrollo del cerebro social y de la capacidad de autorregulación emocional. Este artículo es una invitación/justificación para que los niños recuperen oportunidades para el juego natural del que han sido privados. Cuánto más sepamos acerca del juego, más éxito tendremos. Necesitamos más investigación sobre este tema en la academia, en un ambiente intelectual que facilite la colaboración entre los etólogos, psicólogos, educadores y neurocientíficos, para promover una interacción bidireccional entre la teoría y la práctica

This study focuses on play from a psychoethological perspective and examines the implications for research and practice. Over the past decades, children are provided with more educational opportunities and more access to adult-led activities, albeit suffering a severe lack of self-directed play. This fact is worrying when we consider the indications in animal models that self-directed play is important for the development of the social brain and emotional self-regulation. This essay represents an invitation-justification for children to recover opportunities for natural play, of which they have been deprived. The more we know about play, the more suitable the opportunities we can offer them will be. We need to conduct further research on this topic, in an intellectual environment that enables collaboration between ethologists, psychologists, educators, and neuroscientists, promoting a bidirectional interaction between theory and practice

Electronic gaming machines and gambling disorder: A cross-cultural comparison between treatment-seeking subjects from Brazil and the United States.

AIMS: The objective of this paper is to perform a cross-cultural comparison of gambling disorder (GD) due to electronic gaming machines (EGM), a form of gambling that may have a high addictive potential. Our goal is to investigate two treatment-seeking samples of adults collected in Brazil and the United States, countries with different socio-cultural backgrounds. This comparison may lead to a better understanding of cultural influences on GD. METHODS: The total studied sample involved 733 treatment-seeking subjects: 353 men and 380 women (average age=45.80, standard deviation ±10.9). The Brazilian sample had 517 individuals and the American sample 216. Subjects were recruited by analogous strategies. RESULTS: We found that the Brazilian sample was younger, predominantly male, less likely to be Caucasian, more likely to be partnered, tended to have a faster progression from recreational gambling to GD, and were more likely to endorse chasing losses. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that there are significant differences between treatment-seeking samples of adults presenting GD due to EGM in Brazil and in the United States. These findings suggest that cultural aspects may have a relevant role in GD due to EGM.

[Places children use for physical activity in peripheral neighborhoods of the city of Cordoba]. / Lugares donde niños y niñas realizan actividad física en los barrios periféricos de la ciudad de Córdoba.

The way neighborhoods are designed can have enormous potential for encouraging physical activity. The aim of this study was to explore the recreational spaces available in peripheral neighborhoods of the city of Cordoba, Argentina, and determine the frequency with which children attending local public primary schools use them for physical activity. In 2011, parents answered self-administered questionnaires in which they reported their proximity to those spaces, the frequency with which children use them for physical activity, the sex of their child and the educational level of the mother. We found that places closer to the home were used more frequently by children for physical activity. Differences by the child's sex and the mother's educational level were observed. The results show the importance of these areas as resources for children's physical activity as well as the social inequalities that exist in access to these spaces.

Lugares donde niños y niñas realizan actividad física en los barrios periféricos de la ciudad de Córdoba / Places children use for physical activity in peripheral neighborhoods of the city of Cordoba

La forma en que se diseñan los barrios tiene un enorme potencial para fomentar la práctica de actividad física. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar los espacios de recreación disponibles en los barrios periféricos de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, y conocer la frecuencia con la que los niños y las niñas de escuelas primarias municipales los utilizan para realizar actividad física. Padres y madres respondieron en el año 2011 cuestionarios autoadministrados para informar sobre la distancia a dichos espacios, su frecuencia de utilización para realizar actividad física, sexo del menor y nivel de escolaridad de la madre. Se pudo observar que los espacios localizados a menor distancia del hogar de las niñas y los niños son más utilizados para la actividad física. Se detectaron diferencias por sexo y nivel de escolaridad materna. Los resultados muestran la importancia de estos espacios como recursos para la realización de actividad física, así como la presencia de desigualdades sociales en su uso.

The way neighborhoods are designed can have enormous potential for encouraging physical activity. The aim of this study was to explore the recreational spaces available in peripheral neighborhoods of the city of Cordoba, Argentina, and determine the frequency with which children attending local public primary schools use them for physical activity. In 2011, parents answered self-administered questionnaires in which they reported their proximity to those spaces, the frequency with which children use them for physical activity, the sex of their child and the educational level of the mother. We found that places closer to the home were used more frequently by children for physical activity. Differences by the child's sex and the mother's educational level were observed. The results show the importance of these areas as resources for children's physical activity as well as the social inequalities that exist in access to these spaces.

Forest owners' perceptions of ecotourism: Integrating community values and forest conservation.

The use of forest land for ecotourism has been well accepted due to its ability to provide income to local people and to conserve the forest. Preparing the forest with infrastructure to attract and educate visitors has been reported of importance. This study applied Q methodology in a small rural community of the State of Puebla, Mexico, to reveal forest owners' perceptions to build infrastructure in their forest as part of their ecotourism project. It also discloses forest owners' underlying motives to use their forest for ecotourism. Ecotourism is perceived as a complementary activity to farming that would allow women to be involved in community development. Low impact infrastructure is desired due to forest owners' perception to preserve the forest for the overall community well-being.

As representações sociais de violência dos usuários de jogos eletrônicos / The social representations of violence by electronic games users The social representations of violence by electronic games users The social representations of violence by electronic games users

O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar as representações sociais em relação à violência contida nos jogos eletrônicos e, especificamente, verificar se os participantes estabelecem conexões entre a violência contida nos jogos eletrônicos e comportamentos violentos. Foi utilizada a teoria das representações sociais como alicerce teórico, a qual aponta a forma em que os sujeitos de um determinado grupo constituem teorias do senso comum, as quais são construídas e compartilhadas socialmente, permitindo justificar ações e posicionamentos diante de objetos de interesse coletivo. Foram entrevistados vinte usuários de jogos eletrônicos, maiores de idade, sendo dezenove do sexo masculino. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo do tipo categorial-temática de Bardin. Os resultados das categorias e subcategorias apontaram para temas como a diversão, aprendizagem do idioma inglês e catarse. A violência, elemento camuflado na fala dos usuários, não foi considerada uma influência na prática dos jogadores, revelando contradições nos discursos(AU)

The following study had as its general objective the investigation of social representations in accordance to the violence contained in electronic games and, specifically, to verify if the participants establish links between the violence contained in electronic games and violent behavior. The social representations theory as a theoretical basis was used, which shows the way in which individuals of a particular group constitute theories as common sense, which are socially constructed and shared, allowing one to justify actions and positions before objects of collective interest. Twenty users of electronic games, of legal age, nineteen being of male sex, were interviewed. The Bardin thematic-categorical type analyses of content was used. The results of the categories and subcategories indicated themes such as entertainment, learning the English language and catharsis. Violence, a concealed element in the speech of users, was not considered as an influence on the players, thus revealing contradictions in discourses(AU)

Practice of leisure-time physical activities and episodes of mood alteration amongst men and women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and episodes of mood alteration in a population-based sample of adults, and its relation with gender. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional population-based study with young adults aged between 18 and 35 years old. Sample selection was performed by clusters. The practice of physical activity was evaluated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), whereas mood disorders were evaluated using a short structured diagnostic interview-the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for DSM-IV and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders. LIMITATION: Causal inferences are limited due the study׳s design. RESULTS: Sample consisted of 1953 young adults. The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and of depressive episodes in the total sample was 25.3% and 17.2%, respectively. The prevalence of activity amongst men was 1.18 (CI 95% 1.18-1.32) times higher than in the women׳s group, whereas depression was 1.87 (CI 95% 1.41-2.47) times more prevalent amongst women than men. The prevalence of physical activity was not different between women (p=0.287), nor between men (p=0.895) regarding the presence of mania/hypomania episode. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of physical activity and depression was different concerning gender. The prevalence of physical activity is lower amongst women, whereas the prevalence of depression is higher amongst women when compared to men.

Uso do tempo livre através de recursos expressivos: contribuição para um grupo de idosos institucionalizados / Use of free time through expressive resources: contribution to an elderly institutionalized group

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória-descritiva,que teve como objetivo avaliar a contribuição do uso de recursos expressivos no tempo livre para mudanças no modo de ser e estar dos idosos residentes em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos. A coleta dos dados se deu em dois momentos, no período de abril a maio de 2013. Em um primeiro momento foram realizadas oficinas lúdicas com os idosos, num total de cinco encontros. Em um segundo momento foi efetuado entrevista com funcionários da instituição, para que eles expressassem sua percepção quanto às repercussões da utilização dos recursos expressivos junto aos idosos. A partir da análise temática de conteúdo do que emergiu das entre- vistas foi possível identificar os aspectos positivos das oficinas lúdicas realizadas com os idosos residentes: redução da agressividade, diminuição da acomodação, aproveitamento do tempo ocioso, despertar do interesse, promoção da interação e sociabilidade e estímulo para desenvolver capacidades. Aspectos negativos não foram mencionados. Assim, considera-se que o uso das atividades lúdicas trazem benefícios no que se refere ao modo de ser e estar dos idosos residentes, refletindo na sua melhoria da qualidade de vida. Esta prática se revelou como uma estratégia importante de cuidado, que deveria ser estimulada de forma regular e continuada.

This is about a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, which aimed to evaluate the contribution of the use of expressive features in free time to changes in the mode of living of old-aged people who reside in a Long-Term Care Institution. The data collection took place in two stages between April and March 2013. At first, there were recreational workshops with the old-aged people. There were five meetings. In a second step, semi-structured interviews with seven employees Establishing Long Term Elderly occurred in order to express their perceptions about the impact of the use of expressive features with the old-aged people, emphasizing the benefits and disadvantages of such participation in recreational activities. From the thematic analysis of what emerged from the interviews, it was possible to identify the positive aspects of recreational workshops conducted with elderly residents: aggression reduction, decreased accommodation, use of idle time, interest stimulation, interaction and sociability promotion and stimulation to develop capabilities. Negative aspects were not mentioned. Thus, it is considered that the use of recreational activities provide benefits with regard to the mode and being of elderly residents, reflecting improvement in their quality of life. This practice has proved to be an important care strategy that should be encouraged in a regular and continued way.

Uso do tempo livre através de recursos expressivos: contribuição para um grupo de idosos institucionalizados / Use of free time through expressive resources: contribution to an elderly institutionalized group

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória-descritiva,que teve como objetivo avaliar a contribuição do uso de recursos expressivos no tempo livre para mudanças no modo de ser e estar dos idosos residentes em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos. A coleta dos dados se deu em dois momentos, no período de abril a maio de 2013. Em um primeiro momento foram realizadas oficinas lúdicas com os idosos, num total de cinco encontros. Em um segundo momento foi efetuado entrevista com funcionários da instituição, para que eles expressassem sua percepção quanto às repercussões da utilização dos recursos expressivos junto aos idosos. A partir da análise temática de conteúdo do que emergiu das entre- vistas foi possível identificar os aspectos positivos das oficinas lúdicas realizadas com os idosos residentes: redução da agressividade, diminuição da acomodação, aproveitamento do tempo ocioso, despertar do interesse, promoção da interação e sociabilidade e estímulo para desenvolver capacidades. Aspectos negativos não foram mencionados. Assim, considera-se que o uso das atividades lúdicas trazem benefícios no que se refere ao modo de ser e estar dos idosos residentes, refletindo na sua melhoria da qualidade de vida. Esta prática se revelou como uma estratégia importante de cuidado, que deveria ser estimulada de forma regular e continuada. (AU)

This is about a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, which aimed to evaluate the contribution of the use of expressive features in free time to changes in the mode of living of old-aged people who reside in a Long-Term Care Institution. The data collection took place in two stages between April and March 2013. At first, there were recreational workshops with the old-aged people. There were five meetings. In a second step, semi-structured interviews with seven employees Establishing Long Term Elderly occurred in order to express their perceptions about the impact of the use of expressive features with the old-aged people, emphasizing the benefits and disadvantages of such participation in recreational activities. From the thematic analysis of what emerged from the interviews, it was possible to identify the positive aspects of recreational workshops conducted with elderly residents: aggression reduction, decreased accommodation, use of idle time, interest stimulation, interaction and sociability promotion and stimulation to develop capabilities. Negative aspects were not mentioned. Thus, it is considered that the use of recreational activities provide benefits with regard to the mode and being of elderly residents, reflecting improvement in their quality of life. This practice has proved to be an important care strategy that should be encouraged in a regular and continued way. (AU)

A utilização do brincar nas práticas de terapeutas ocupacionais da Baixada Santista / Use of the play in the practices of occupational therapists in the Baixada Santista

O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e caracterizar as práticas desenvolvidas pelos terapeutasocupacionais que atuam na região metropolitana da Baixada Santista, quanto à utilização do brincar. Para tanto, foi aplicado um questionário estruturado com 36 terapeutas ocupacionais que atuam na área da infância. Os principais referenciais teóricos utilizados pelos profissionais são a Terapia de Integração Sensorial e o Método Neuroevolutivo Bobath. Os profissionais caracterizam a utilização do brincar como um recurso facilitadordo processo terapêutico ocupacional, utilizando-o durante todos os momentos do atendimento. Portanto, o brincar é visto como recurso terapêutico utilizado para a promoção do desenvolvimentoinfantil como um dos principais objetivos da clínica em TerapiaOcupacional. O estudo procurou contribuir na caracterização da prática profissional quanto à utilização do brincar...

This study aimed to identify and to characterize the practice developed by occupational therapists working in themetropolitan area of Baixada Santista, on the use of play. In this study a questionnaire was applied to 36 professionals working in the childhood area. As theoretical reference, these professionals use mainly the Sensory Integration Therapy and NeuroevolutiveBobath Methods. To the professionals, the play is seen primarily as a therapeutic tool used to promote child development, as an central resource to the Occupational Therapy clinic. The present work aimed to contribute to the characterization of professional practices regarding the use of play in the practice of occupational therapists...

Intervenção interdisciplinar em crianças obesas e o impacto na saúde e qualidade de vida / Interdisciplinary intervention in obese children and impact on health and quality of life

OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção com exercício físico, atividades recreativas e orientação nutricional na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de crianças obesas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico controlado. A população inicial do estudo envolveu crianças com idades entre oito e 11 anos e com índice de massa corporal acima de 97 percentil por idade e sexo, conforme os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde, totalizando 44 crianças pareadas em sexo e idade, sendo: grupo caso (n = 22) e grupo controle (n = 22). Determinou-se, antes e após 12 semanas de intervenção (três vezes semanais), o índice de massa corporal e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde autor-relatada pelo questionário PedsQL. O grupo controle não participou da intervenção. RESULTADOS: Completaram o estudo 32 crianças (16 em cada). O grupo caso apresentou redução significativa do índice de massa corporal (p = 0,001) e melhorou a qualidade de vida nos domínios físico (p = 0,001), emocional (p = 0,014), social (p = 0,004), psicossocial (p = 0,002) e qualidade de vida geral (p = 0,001), o que não foi observado no grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: O programa foi efetivo na melhora da saúde e da qualidade de vida de crianças obesas.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of an intervention program including physical exercise and recreational activities, as well as nutritional counseling, on the health-related quality of life of obese children. METHODS: This was a controlled clinical trial. The initial study population included children aged eight to 11 years with a body mass index (BMI) > 97th percentile for age and gender, according to the criteria of the World Health Organization, totaling 44 children matched by gender and age, as case (n = 22) and control groups (n = 22). BMI and self-reported health-related quality of life by Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory were measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention (three times weekly). The control group did not participate in the intervention. RESULTS: Thirty-two children completed the study (16 in each group). The case group showed significant reduction in BMI (p = 0.001) and improved quality of life in the physical (p = 0.001), emotional (p = 0.014), social (p = 0.004), and psychosocial (p = 0.002) domains, as well as in overall quality of life (p = 0.001), which was not observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: The program was effective in improving the health and quality of life of obese children.

[Perceived distance to recreational facilities and the association with physical activity and exercise among adolescents in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil]. / Distância percebida até as instalações de lazer e sua associação com a prática de atividade física e de exercícios em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.

The aim of this study was to verify the association between perceived distance to recreational facilities (parks, gyms, sports courts, and bike lanes) for physical activity and exercise among adolescents in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,474 adolescents (14-18 years) enrolled in public schools. There was an inverse association between distance (> 31 minutes) to gyms and sports courts and physical activity among boys (PR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.69-0.88 and PR = 0.79; 95%CI: 0.66-0.95, respectively). The number of facilities near home was positively associated with physical activity in boys (PR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.04-1.34). Among girls, distance (> 31 minutes) to sports courts was inversely associated with strength training (PR = 0.93; 95%CI: 0.87-0.99). The findings suggest that distance from home and number of recreational facilities in the neighborhood may affect patterns of physical activity among adolescents and that the association differs between boys and girls.

Distância percebida até as instalações de lazer e sua associação com a prática de atividade física e de exercícios em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil / Perceived distance to recreational facilities and the association with physical activity and exercise among adolescents in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil / La percepción de la distancia a las instalaciones de ocio y su relación con la actividad física y el ejercicio en los adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre a distância percebida até instalações de lazer (parques, praças, academias, ginásios e ciclovias) com a prática de atividade física e de exercícios em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado com amostra representativa de 1.474 adolescentes (14-18 anos), alunos da rede pública de ensino. Foi verificada associação inversa entre a distância > 31 minutos até academias e ginásios com a prática de atividade física nos meninos (RP = 0,78; IC95%: 0,69-0,88 e RP = 0,79; IC95%: 0,66-0,95, respectivamente). O número de instalações próximas da residência associou-se positivamente com a prática de atividade física nos meninos (RP = 1,18; IC95%: 1,04-1,34). Para as meninas, a distância > 31 minutos até um ginásio apresentou associação inversa com a prática de exercícios de força (RP = 0,93; IC95%: 0,87-0,99). Esses achados sugerem que a distância e a quantidade de instalações de lazer no bairro podem afetar o padrão de atividade física de adolescentes, sendo essa relação diferente entre os sexos.

The aim of this study was to verify the association between perceived distance to recreational facilities (parks, gyms, sports courts, and bike lanes) for physical activity and exercise among adolescents in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,474 adolescents (14-18 years) enrolled in public schools. There was an inverse association between distance (> 31 minutes) to gyms and sports courts and physical activity among boys (PR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.69-0.88 and PR = 0.79; 95%CI: 0.66-0.95, respectively). The number of facilities near home was positively associated with physical activity in boys (PR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.04-1.34). Among girls, distance (> 31 minutes) to sports courts was inversely associated with strength training (PR = 0.93; 95%CI: 0.87-0.99). The findings suggest that distance from home and number of recreational facilities in the neighborhood may affect patterns of physical activity among adolescents and that the association differs between boys and girls.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación entre la distancia percibida a instalaciones recreativas (parques, gimnasios, gimnasios y carriles-bici) para la práctica de actividad física y el ejercicio en los adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Es un estudio transversal con una muestra representativa de 1.474 adolescentes (14-18 años), estudiantes de escuelas públicas. Se observó una asociación inversa entre la distancia > 31 minutos hasta los gimnasios y centros de acondicionamiento físico con la práctica de la actividad física de los niños (RP = 0,78; IC95%: 0,69-0,88 y RP = 0,79; IC95%: 0,66-0,95, respectivamente). El número de lugares cerca de la residencia se asoció positivamente con la práctica de la actividad física de los niños (RP = 1,18; IC95%: 1,04-1,34). Para las niñas, la distancia > 31 minutos a un gimnasio se asoció inversamente con el ejercicio del poder (RP = 0,93; IC95%: 0,87-0,99). Estos hallazgos sugieren que la distancia y la cantidad de instalaciones de ocio en la zona puede afectar el patrón de actividad física de los adolescentes, diferenciándose esta relación entre sexos.

Interdisciplinary intervention in obese children and impact on health and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of an intervention program including physical exercise and recreational activities, as well as nutritional counseling, on the health-related quality of life of obese children. METHODS: This was a controlled clinical trial. The initial study population included children aged eight to 11 years with a body mass index (BMI) > 97th percentile for age and gender, according to the criteria of the World Health Organization, totaling 44 children matched by gender and age, as case (n = 22) and control groups (n = 22). BMI and self-reported health-related quality of life by Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory were measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention (three times weekly). The control group did not participate in the intervention. RESULTS: Thirty-two children completed the study (16 in each group). The case group showed significant reduction in BMI (p = 0.001) and improved quality of life in the physical (p = 0.001), emotional (p = 0.014), social (p = 0.004), and psychosocial (p = 0.002) domains, as well as in overall quality of life (p = 0.001), which was not observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: The program was effective in improving the health and quality of life of obese children.

O brincar como modo de tratamento ao real da doença / Playing as a method of the real treatment of disease

Este artigo discute, a partir de uma perspectiva psicanalítica, como o brincarconstitui-se como um modo de tratamento ao real da doença, em crianças acometidas de diversos tipos de câncer. Traça considerações sobre o brincar e o simbólico, a partir das idéias freudianas para, em seguida, discutir omodo como Lacan pensa o brincar e a sua função na clínica com crianças. Apartir de um fragmento de caso clínico, este artigo tenta demonstrar o modocomo os pressupostos teóricos assumidos servem de operadores lógicos, no que se refere aos casos de crianças em tratamento no Instituto de Pediatria e Puericultura Marzagão Gesteira...

This article discusses, from a psychoanalytic perspective, as the play is as a way of treating the actual disease in children suffered from various types of cancer. Moth considerations play and symbolic, from the Freudian ideas tothen discuss how Lacan thinks the play and its role in clinical work with children. From a fragment of a clinical case, attempts to demonstrate how the theoretical assumptions made and logical operators are used to treat cases of children being treated at the Institute of Pediatrics and Child Care Marzagão Gesteira...

O brincar como modo de tratamento ao real da doença / Playing as a method of the real treatment of disease

Este artigo discute, a partir de uma perspectiva psicanalítica, como o brincarconstitui-se como um modo de tratamento ao real da doença, em crianças acometidas de diversos tipos de câncer. Traça considerações sobre o brincar e o simbólico, a partir das idéias freudianas para, em seguida, discutir o modo como Lacan pensa o brincar e a sua função na clínica com crianças. A partir de um fragmento de caso clínico, este artigo tenta demonstrar o modocomo os pressupostos teóricos assumidos servem de operadores lógicos, no que se refere aos casos de crianças em tratamento no Instituto de Pediatria e Puericultura Marzagão Gesteira. (AU)

This article discusses, from a psychoanalytic perspective, as the play is as a way of treating the actual disease in children suffered from various types of cancer. Moth considerations play and symbolic, from the Freudian ideas to then discuss how Lacan thinks the play and its role in clinical work with children. From a fragment of a clinical case, attempts to demonstrate how the theoretical assumptions made and logical operators are used to treat cases of children being treated at the Institute of Pediatrics and Child Care Marzagão Gesteira. (AU)