RESUMO
Objective:To study the application value of narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Methods:A total of 275 patients admitted to the inpatient department or laryngoscopy room of the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 2022 to April 2023 due to throat discomfort were selected as the research subjects. All of them completed RSI, RFS scoring scales and electronic laryngoscopyï¼including ordinary white light and NBIï¼. According to the expert consensus of LPRD in 2022, RSI and RFS scoring scale were used as diagnostic criteria to divide them into LPR group and non-LPR group. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences of positive rates of characteristic manifestations under NBI among different groups. The consistency of NBI and scale diagnostic methods was analyzed by Kappa, and RSI and RFS scoring were used as diagnostic criteria, The diagnostic efficiency of NBI method was analyzed. Results:There were 190 people in the LPR group, 157 of whom showed characteristic performance under the NBI mode, with a positive rate of 82.6%ï¼157/190ï¼; there were 85 people in the non-LPR group, with a positive rate of 18.8%ï¼16/85ï¼. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate between the two groupsï¼χ²=102.47, P<0.05ï¼. The consistency rate between RSI, RFS and NBI was 82.2%ï¼226/275ï¼. Kappa consistency analysis was used, and Kappa=0.605ï¼P<0.05ï¼, indicating good consistency between the two diagnostic methods. Using RSI and RFS as diagnostic criteria for LPR, the sensitivity of NBI diagnostic method was 82.6%ï¼157/190ï¼, specificity 81.2%ï¼69/85ï¼, positive predictive value 90.8%ï¼157/173ï¼ and negative predictive value 67.6%ï¼69/102ï¼. Conclusion:Narrow-band imaging, as a new endoscopic imaging technique, can show small changes in mucosal surface micro vessels and play an important role in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Assuntos
Refluxo Laringofaríngeo , Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Banda Estreita , Laringoscopia/métodos , Faringe , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
Objective:To study the application value of narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Methods:A total of 275 patients admitted to the inpatient department or laryngoscopy room of the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 2022 to April 2023 due to throat discomfort were selected as the research subjects. All of them completed RSI, RFS scoring scales and electronic laryngoscopy(including ordinary white light and NBI). According to the expert consensus of LPRD in 2022, RSI and RFS scoring scale were used as diagnostic criteria to divide them into LPR group and non-LPR group. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences of positive rates of characteristic manifestations under NBI among different groups. The consistency of NBI and scale diagnostic methods was analyzed by Kappa, and RSI and RFS scoring were used as diagnostic criteria, The diagnostic efficiency of NBI method was analyzed. Results:There were 190 people in the LPR group, 157 of whom showed characteristic performance under the NBI mode, with a positive rate of 82.6%(157/190); there were 85 people in the non-LPR group, with a positive rate of 18.8%(16/85). There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate between the two groups(χ²=102.47, P<0.05). The consistency rate between RSI, RFS and NBI was 82.2%(226/275). Kappa consistency analysis was used, and Kappa=0.605(P<0.05), indicating good consistency between the two diagnostic methods. Using RSI and RFS as diagnostic criteria for LPR, the sensitivity of NBI diagnostic method was 82.6%(157/190), specificity 81.2%(69/85), positive predictive value 90.8%(157/173) and negative predictive value 67.6%(69/102). Conclusion:Narrow-band imaging, as a new endoscopic imaging technique, can show small changes in mucosal surface micro vessels and play an important role in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Assuntos
Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Banda Estreita , Laringoscopia/métodos , Faringe , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) are two common diseases that lower patients' quality of life. OSA is defined by cyclic events of airflow obstruction that occur during sleep, while LPR is characterized by upper airway inflammatory signs and symptoms due to the return of gastroduodenal gaseous and liquid elements. pH-metry is the gold standard in LPR diagnosis, but considering its invasiveness among other negative traits, questionnaires that catalog symptoms and signs of the disease such as Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI) and Reflux Finding Score (RFS) are preferred. Moreover, LPR can be evaluated by testing the presence of pepsin in tears, and Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) has been introduced for the early diagnosis of larynx oncological disease. This paper aims to test whether LPR is more frequent in OSA patients than in control ones, performing a non-invasive protocol composed of RSI, RFS test (with light vs. NBI techniques), followed by pepsin detection in tears. 68 LPR patients were enrolled in the study (45 with OSA and 23 without OSA). A strong linear relationship between Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) was found, and patients who presented pepsin in tears had higher values of AHI and ODI in comparison to patients without it. Pathological RFS and NBI showed higher values of AHI and ODI in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, pathological RSI showed higher values of AHI and ODI in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, this diagnostic combined non-invasive protocol may be a good method to perform an early diagnosis of LPR.
Assuntos
Refluxo Laringofaríngeo , Pepsina A , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Banda Estreita , Pepsina A/análise , Qualidade de Vida , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico por imagem , Lágrimas/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a prevalent disease in the ENT outpatient department. Methods of LPR diagnosis differ much. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) and Salivary pepsin-level measurements have been considered as totally new ways for the diagnosis of LPR in recent years. AIM: We aimed to identify the specific manifestation of LPR and assess the correlation between NBI views and pepsin levels in LPR diagnosing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 130 Patients enrolled in our study were divided into LPR group and non-LPR group according to the scores of RSI and RFS. All individuals received endoscopic NBI tests and salivary pepsin measurements. NBI views of the larynx were divided into four grades based on the existing descriptive guidelines and our clinical observations, and the correlation between NBI grading and salivary pepsin levels was calculated. RESULTS: NBI grading and pepsin levels are significantly correlated with RFS/RSI scores. The diagnostic concentration of salivary pepsin was 33 ng/ml. There was a significant correlation between NBI grading and salivary levels. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: NBI grading system was proved to provide a better diagnostic value in the diagnosis of LPR. There was a possibility that a combination of these two methods might increase the diagnostic accuracy of this disease.
Assuntos
Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Imagem de Banda Estreita , Pepsina A/análise , Saliva/química , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Laringoscopia , Masculino , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: No gold-standard investigation exists for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII)-pH testing has uncertain utility in LPR. Meanwhile, reflux scintigraphy allows immediate and delayed visualisation of tracer reflux in the esophagus, pharynx, and lungs. The present study aimed to correlate MII-pH and scintigraphic reflux results in patients with primary LPR. METHODS: Consecutive patients with LPR underwent MII-pH and scintigraphic reflux studies. Abnormal values for MII-pH results were defined from existing literature. MII-pH and scintigraphic data were correlated. RESULTS: 105 patients with LPR [31 males (29.5%), median age 60 years (range 20-87)] were studied. Immediate scintigraphic reflux was seen in the pharynx in 94 (90.4%), and in the proximal esophagus in 94 (90.4%). Delayed scintigraphic contamination of the pharynx was seen in 101 patients (96.2%) and in the lungs of 56 patients (53.3%). For MII-pH, abnormally frequent reflux was seen in the distal esophagus in 12.4%, proximal esophagus in 25.7%, and in the pharynx in 82.9%. Patients with poor scintigraphic clearance had higher Demeester scores (p = 0.043), more proximal reflux episodes (p = 0.046), more distal acid reflux episodes (p = 0.023), and more prolonged bolus clearance times (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Reflux scintigraphy has a high yield in LPR patients. Scintigraphic time-activity curves correlated with validated MII-pH results. A high rate of pulmonary microaspiration was found in LPR patients. This study demonstrated a high level of pharyngeal contamination by scintigraphy and MII-pH, which supports the use of digital reflux scintigraphy in diagnosing LPR.
Assuntos
Refluxo Laringofaríngeo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Impedância Elétrica , Monitoramento do pH Esofágico , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cintilografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We describe two cases of patients with Steinert's dystrophy or myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) who presented with frequent respiratory exacerbations and pneumonia. They did not report any risk factors for asthma, allergy, bronchopathy or dysphagia in their history. The Videofluoroscopic swallow study test allowed to highlight post-swallowing aspiration phenomena responsible for respiratory exacerbations.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Fluoroscopia/métodos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo , Distrofia Miotônica , Pneumonia Aspirativa , Infecções Respiratórias , Gravação em Vídeo , Adulto , Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/etiologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/fisiopatologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/terapia , Logoterapia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distrofia Miotônica/diagnóstico , Distrofia Miotônica/fisiopatologia , Pneumonia Aspirativa/etiologia , Pneumonia Aspirativa/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/etiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Secundária , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an anatomical difference in esophageal hiatus (EH) size exists between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (n = 87). METHODS: Clinical records and images of dogs that underwent computed tomography between June 2015 and September 2018 were reviewed. For the first part of the study, EH and aortic (Ao) cross-sectional surface areas were measured in brachycephalic (group 1) and nonbrachycephalic dogs of similar body size (<15 kg) without respiratory or gastroesophageal (GE) signs (group 2) by using multiplanar reconstruction. Esophageal hiatus:aortic ratio was calculated. In the second part of the study, absolute EH measurements were also compared in weight-matched (WM) dogs (8-10 kg) from groups 1 and 2. RESULTS: Mean (±SD) of EH:Ao values for group 1 (8.1 ± 2.8) were higher (P < .0001) than those for group 2 (3.7 ± 1.1). In addition, EH measurements of 20 WM dogs in group 1 were higher than those of 20 dogs in group 2 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Esophageal hiatus cross-sectional surface area (directly and indirectly measured) in brachycephalic dogs was considerably larger than that in nonbrachycephalic dogs of generally similar body size. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Results of this study provide evidence to support the existence of a specific anatomical factor that could likely correlate to functional GE alterations (eg, regurgitation, gastroesophageal reflux, and sliding hiatal hernia) commonly seen in brachycephalic dogs.
Assuntos
Craniossinostoses/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/veterinária , Hérnia Hiatal/veterinária , Animais , Craniossinostoses/patologia , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Cães , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/fisiopatologia , Hérnia Hiatal/diagnóstico por imagem , Hérnia Hiatal/fisiopatologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/fisiopatologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterináriaRESUMO
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a prevalent disease affecting a high proportion of patients seeking laryngology consultation. Diagnosis is made subjectively based on history, symptoms, and endoscopic assessment. The results depend on the examiner's interpretation of endoscopic images. There are still no consistent objective diagnostic methods. The aim of this study is to use image processing techniques to quantize the laryngeal variation caused by LPR, to judge and analyze its severity. This study proposed methods of screening sharp images automatically from laryngeal endoscopic images and using throat eigen structure for automatic region segmentation. The proposed image compensation improved the illumination problems from the use of laryngoscope lens. Fisher linear discriminant was used to find out features and classification performance while support vector machine was used as the classifier for judging LPR. Evaluation results were 97.16% accuracy, 98.11% sensitivity, and 3.77% false positive rate. To evaluate the severity, quantized data of the laryngeal variation was used. LPR images were combined with reflux symptom index score chart, and severity was graded using a neural network. The results indicated 96.08% accuracy. The experiment indicated that laryngeal variation induced by LPR could be quantized by using image processing techniques to assist in diagnosing and treating LPR.
Assuntos
Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Laringoscopia/métodos , Humanos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/estatística & dados numéricos , Laringoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Lineares , Redes Neurais de Computação , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The effect of laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication (LTF) for the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of LTF for the treatment of LPR-related symptoms and disease-specific quality of life (QoL) up to 3-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational cohort study (2015-2019). Patients suffering from LPR were included. Preoperative evaluation included esophagogastroduodenoscopy, esophageal manometry and 24-h pH/impedance study. Symptoms and QoL were measured with the reflux symptom index (RSI) and the laryngopharyngeal reflux-health-related quality of life (LPR-HRQL) validate questionnaires at baseline and during follow-up. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were included. Twenty-three (27%) patients had pure LPR while 63 (73%) presented with combined LPR/GERD. Cough (89.7%), dyspnea/choking (39.6%) and asthma (25.6%) were the most commonly reported extraesophageal symptoms. The median (interquartile range, IQR) total RSI score before operation and at 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year and 3-year follow-up was 36.1 (10.3), 9.58 (12.3), 11.8 (10.2), 12.4 (9.6), 12.0 (13.1) and 10.1 (12.0), respectively. The median (IQR) total LPR-HRQL score before operation and at 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year and 3-year follow-up was 57.4 (22.2), 13.4 (14.9), 15.2 (12.8), 11.4 (10.9) and 11.9 (13.5), respectively. The subscores "voice," "cough," "throat" and "swallow" showed a significant improvement after intervention. Compared to baseline, each per-year follow-up pairwise comparison was significantly improved (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LTF seems feasible, effective and promising for the treatment of LPR with improved symptoms and disease-specific patients' quality of life perception up to 3-year follow-up.
Assuntos
Fundoplicatura/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Studies have demonstrated that comorbidities, especially cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, correlated with poorer clinical outcomes. However, the impact of digestive system diseases has not been issued. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) on hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We extracted clinical data regarding 95 patients in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China, between 26 January and 21 February 2020. The Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) was used to assess the presence and severity of LPRD. An RSI greater than 13 is considered to be abnormal. A total of 95 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled, with 61.1% (58/95), 32.6% (31/95), and 6.3% (6/95) being moderately ill, severely ill, and critically ill, respectively. In this study, 38.9% (37/95) of the patient had an RSI score over 13, which was indicative of LPRD. In univariable analysis, the age and RSI scores of severely or critically ill patients were statistically significantly higher than patients with moderate disease (P = .026 and P = .005, respectively). After controlling for age difference in a multivariable model, the RSI greater than 13, compared to RSI equal to 0, was associated with significantly higher risk of severe infection (P < .001; odds ratio [OR] = 11.411; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.95-42.09) and critical infection (P = .028; OR= 19.61; 95% CI, 1.38-277.99). Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, RSI scores greater than 13, indicative of LPRD, correlated with poorer clinical outcomes. The prevalence of LPRD may be higher than the general population, which indicated that COVID-19 can impair the upper esophageal sphincter and aggravate reflux.
Assuntos
COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/fisiopatologia , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , COVID-19/virologia , China , Comorbidade , Feminino , Hospitalização , Hospitais , Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between the endoscopic signs of laryngo-pharyngeal reflux, the lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) and its inflammation, adopting Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) technology. METHODS: We enrolled, as cases, patients with clinical diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD), a Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) ≥ 13, and a Reflux Finding Score (RFS) ≥ 7. Controls were enrolled among patients who underwent the same transnasal endoscopy, equipped with NBI, with a RSI < 13 and a RFS < 7. Nasopharynx, Lingual Tonsils (LT), Hypopharynx and Larynx were evaluated by two experienced otolaryngologists, who calculated the Reflux Finding Scale (RFS) score and focused their attention on the base of the tongue, observing its surface with NBI technology. RESULTS: 82 patients with diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux were enrolled as cases. Mean RFS was 11.7 (SD = 2.9). As controls, we enrolled 80 patients. Mean RFS was 2.7 (SD = 1.63). We found that RFS positivity was associated with a significant increase in LT dimension (2.5 vs 1.1, p < 0.001), with a higher LT crypt inflammation grading (1.8 vs 0.09, p < 0.001) and with a higher Roman Cobblestone pattern grading (1.48 vs 0.11, p < 0.001). A significant correlation between the crypt inflammation and the hyperemia subscore of RFS was present (r = 0.696, p < 0.0001), while it was not possible to find a correlation between crypt inflammation and either diffuse laryngeal edema (r = 0.166, p = 0.135) and posterior commissure hypertrophy (r = 0.089, p = 0.427). CONCLUSIONS: NBI allowed us to identify endoscopically the presence of enlarged lingual tonsil, crypt inflammation and superficial mucosal changes, in patients affected by LPRD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 (prospective, case-control study).
Assuntos
Inflamação/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Banda Estreita/métodos , Tonsila Palatina/diagnóstico por imagem , Língua/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endoscopia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertrofia , Inflamação/patologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Língua/patologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In our previous study, we demonstrated that there might be correlations between laryngopharyngeal reflux disorder and the hue value of laryngoscopic images. And we found that different regions of larynx have different hue values. It was hypothesized that the degree of inflammation varies between different laryngeal regions, due to an acid reflux pattern. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the changing trends of hue values of different laryngeal regions in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients, including 20 pH-positive, 19 pH-negative were tested for LPR through multichannel intraluminal impedance 24-hour pH monitoring, and 58 controls with reflux symptom index less than 13. Laryngoscopic images of all patients were obtained. The hue values of 7 areas of interest, including both sides of the true vocal folds, the false vocal folds, the arytenoids, and the interarytenoid space, were quantified using a hue calculation. The analysis of variance analysis was applied to find if there was significant difference between different groups within each region. RESULTS: (1) In the regions of both sides of the true vocal folds and interarytenoid, there was no significant difference between positive group and negative group; (2) in the regions of both sides of false vocal folds, there was no significant difference between negative group and control group; (3) in the regions of both sides of arytenoids, there was neither significant difference between positive group and negative group nor between negative group and control group; (4) in other comparisons, there were significant differences. CONCLUSION: Hue values of separate laryngeal regions are different. In negative group, the hue values of interarytenoid region are similar with positive group, and the sensitivity to the acid are different from different regions. The sensitivity in the true vocal folds may be present.
Assuntos
Cor , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Laringoscopia , Laringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Impedância Elétrica , Monitoramento do pH Esofágico , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Prega Vocal/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the utility of narrow band imaging (NBI) in patients with symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and tried to quantitatively evaluate the signs found under the NBI Laryngoscope. METHODS: Patients with and without LPR symptoms completed reflux symptom index (RSI) questionnaires prior to enrolment. The throat was examined by standard white light endoscopy followed by NBI. LPR status was determined using the reflux finding score and the RSI. Laryngoscope images and videos from 70 subjects with LPR and 70 control subjects without LPR were obtained. Features seen only by NBI were compared between the two groups. Then the RGB values of the throat mucosa of the two groups were measured by Photoshop software, and finally statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: In total, 140 patients were eligible for final analysis (LPR group mean ageâ¯=â¯50.0, 47 males; control group mean ageâ¯=â¯44.8, 45 males). A significantly higher proportion of patients with LPR had increased vascularity, green spots, contact ulcers and granulomas. Of these, increased vascularity and green spots can only be found under NBI, and the prevalence rates in the LPR group were found to be 92.8% and 88.6% (Pâ¯<â¯0.05), respectively. In the control group, the prevalence rates of increased vascularity and green spots were 21.4% and 7.1%, respectively (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). The RGB value of the LPR group was generally higher than that of the control group. The difference is statistically significant (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). CONCLUSION: LPR presents vascularity and green spots with high specificity and sensitivity under NBI which can play a role in the auxiliary diagnosis of LPR.
Assuntos
Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Laringoscopia/métodos , Imagem de Banda Estreita/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imagem de Banda Estreita/métodos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Valores de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To establish a novel and effective reflux model with a modified nasogastric aspiration tube and to investigate the association between different types of nasogastric aspiration tubes and reflux laryngitis, we conducted this study. METHODS: Thirty-eight healthy New Zealand albino rabbits (2.5-3.5 kg) were divided into three groups: control (CTR, n = 6)-non-intubated; normal nasogastric intubation (NNI, n = 16)-intubated with 4#, 6#, 8#, and 10# normal nasogastric aspiration tubes; and modified nasogastric intubation (MNI, n = 16)-intubated with 4#, 6#, 8#, and 10# modified nasogastric aspiration tubes. The laryngoscopy, body weight, and pH values at the esophageal entrance were recorded before and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after intubation. After the final laryngoscopy, the animals in groups with a pH below 4 were sacrificed to obtain histological and gene expression analysis results. RESULTS: The reflux finding score (RFS) after 4 weeks showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the 8# NNI group (7 ± 0.816, P < 0.001), the 8# MNI group (11.5 ± 2.517, P < 0.001) and the 10# MNI (12.75 ± 1.893, P < 0.001) group compared with the control group (1.83 ± 1.602). The pH values of these three groups were lower than 4. However, the weight loss of the rabbits in the 10# NNI and 10# MNI groups was more obvious. Submucous gland hyperplasia and inflammation were significantly increased in the 8# NNI group, 8# MNI group and the 10# MNI group, but in the level of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and COX-2, the MNI group was significantly higher than the NNI group (8# NNI × 8# MNI, P < 0.01; 8# MNI × 10# MNI, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed that 8# modified nasogastric intubation (MNI) produces effective reflux laryngitis in the rabbits.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Laringite/etiologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/complicações , Coelhos , Animais , Intubação Gastrointestinal/efeitos adversos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/instrumentação , Laringite/diagnóstico por imagem , Laringite/patologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/patologia , Laringoscopia , Masculino , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
RESUMEN: El reflujo faringolaríngeo. Se origina por el flujo retrógrado de contenido gástrico hacia la faringe, pero existen factores, capaces de perpetuarlo: disfunción del esfínter esofágico, tiempo de exposición y sensibilidad del tejido al material refluido, estos elementos permiten considerar al reflujo faringolaríngeo como una entidad diferente del reflujo gastroesofágico. OBJETIVO: Encontrar una correlación entre los signos endoscópicos de pacientes con síntomas por reflujo gastroesofágico y reflujo faringolaringeo a través de los hallazgos de la fibrolaringoscopía flexible y video endoscopia digestiva alta. Además de identificar la distribución epidemiológica de los pacientes participantes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes que consultaron al servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Gastroenterología de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola Córdoba Argentina, por sintomatología de reflujo faringolaríngeo y gastroesofágico. Entre mayo/2016 y mayo/2017. Los hallazgos de reflujo faringolaríngeo por fibrolaringoscopía flexible y de esofagitis por video endoscopia digestiva alta de cada paciente se compararon con la prueba de Chi cuadrado. Se consideró significativo un valor de p ≤0.05. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 49 pacientes entre 7 y 80 años; de éstos, el 45% son de género masculino, y 55% femenino. El 100% de los pacientes presentaron criterios fibrolaringoscópicos diagnósticos de reflujo faringolaríngeo, por el contrario, la video endoscopia digestiva alta mostró que solo el 55% de los pacientes tenían signos de esofagitis (p= 0.24). CONCLUSIONES: En este estudio, no se observó una correlación diagnóstica entre los signos de la fibrolaringoscopía y video endoscopia digestiva alta en relación al diagnóstico de reflujo faringolaríngeo y esofagitis. No se encontró una diferencia entre ambos géneros y los signos de reflujo faringolaríngeo y esofagitis. La frecuencia de las manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas del reflujo faringolaríngeo se relaciona directamente con el incremento de la edad; sobre todo, la cuarta década de la vida. (AU)
OBJECTIVE: Find a correlation between the endoscopic signs of patients with symptoms due to gastroesophagic reflux and faringolaryngeal reflux through the findings of fiber-optic laryngoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In addition, identify the epidemiological distribution of the participant's patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective and analytical study of patients who have consulted the service of Otorhinolaryngology and Gastroenterology of the Reina Fabiola University Clinic, due to symptomatology of pharyngolaryngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux. Between May/2016 and May/2017. The findings of pharyngolaryngeal reflux by fiber-optic laryngoscopy and esophagitis by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy of each patient were compared with the Chi square test. A value of p ≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: We included 49 patients between 7 and 80 years old; 45% of them were male and 55% were female. 100% of the patients had fiber-optic laryngoscopy diagnostic criteria of pharyngolaryngeal reflux. In contrast, upper digestive endoscopy showed that only 55% of the patients had signs of esophagitis (p = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, wasn´t observed a diagnostic correlation between the signs of fiber-optic laryngoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in relation to the diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal reflux and esophagitis. We did not find a difference between both genders and signs of esophageal pharyngolaryngeal reflux. The frequency of otorhinolaryngological manifestations of pharyngolaryngeal reflux is directly related to the increase in age. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico por imagem , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Esofagite Péptica/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/epidemiologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Functional regurgitation (FR) is common in early infancy and represents a major drain on healthcare resources. This double-blind, randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a formula containing partially hydrolysed, 100% whey protein, starch and Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) on gastric emptying rate (GErate) and regurgitation frequency in infants with FR. Enrolled infants were randomly allocated to receive either the test formula or a standard starter formula for four weeks. Ultrasound GErate assessment was performed at baseline (week 0) and at week 4; the number of regurgitations, feed volumes and potential adverse events were recorded in a daily diary. Eighty infants aged four weeks to five months were enrolled; 72 (test group = 37; control group = 35) completed the study. Compared to controls, the test group showed greater percentage changes in GErate (12.3% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.01). Mean daily regurgitations decreased from 7.4 (0.8) at week 0 to 2.6 (1.0) at week 4 in the test group and from 7.5 (1.0) to 5.3 (1.0) in controls (between-group difference, p < 0.0001). Compared to a standard formula, a starch-thickened partially hydrolysed whey protein formula supplemented with Lactobacillus reuteri is more effective in decreasing the frequency of regurgitation and improving GErate, and can be of benefit to infants with FR.
Assuntos
Esvaziamento Gástrico , Fórmulas Infantis , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/prevenção & controle , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/fisiologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Hidrolisados de Proteína/administração & dosagem , Amido/administração & dosagem , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis/efeitos adversos , Itália , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/fisiopatologia , Probióticos/efeitos adversos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/efeitos adversos , Amido/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/efeitos adversosRESUMO
A five-year-old rabbit was evaluated for a 7 to 8 month history of regurgitation, weight loss, and hyporexia. Previously performed whole body radiographs, plasma biochemistry results and complete blood count revealed had no significant abnormalities. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a circumferential caudal esophageal thickening. The animal received supportive care until euthanasia was performed 6 weeks later. Caudal esophageal smooth muscle hypertrophy was diagnosed on necropsy. This case indicates that regurgitation can occur in rabbits and advanced imaging can investigate the underlying cause.
Assuntos
Doenças do Esôfago/veterinária , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Esôfago/patologia , Esôfago/patologia , Hipertrofia/veterinária , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Músculo Liso/patologia , Coelhos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to compare the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux signs between two groups of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for voluminous goiter: substernal goiters and voluminous cervical goiter without thoracic extension. Subjects and methods A retrospective case-control study was performed with data retrieved of the charts of the patients submitted to thyroidectomies occurred at a tertiary care center (Head and Neck Surgery Department, University of São Paulo Medical School) between 2010 and 2014. The selected thyroidectomies were allocated in two groups for study: patients with substernal goiters and patients with voluminous cervical goiter without thoracic extension. Cervical goiters were selected by ultrasonography mensuration. Clinical criterion was used to define substernal goiter. Results The average thyroid volume in patients with substernal goiter was significantly greater than the average volume in patients with only cervical goiter (p < 0.001). The prevalence of signs of reflux laryngitis at laryngoscopy was significantly greater in substernal goiter patients (p = 0.036). Moreover, substernal goiter was considered as the unique independent variable for high reflux laryngitis signs at laryngoscopy (OR = 2.75; CI95%: 1.05-7.20; p = 0.039) when compared to only cervical goiter patients. Conclusion This study shows a significant association between substernal goiters and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux at preoperative laryngoscopy. Therefore, when compared with voluminous cervical goiters, the substernal goiters increase the chance of reflux laryngitis signs in patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/epidemiologia , Bócio Subesternal/epidemiologia , Tireoidectomia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/complicações , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Bócio/cirurgia , Bócio/complicações , Bócio/fisiopatologia , Bócio/epidemiologia , Bócio Subesternal/cirurgia , Bócio Subesternal/complicações , Bócio Subesternal/fisiopatologia , LaringoscopiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux signs between two groups of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for voluminous goiter: substernal goiters and voluminous cervical goiter without thoracic extension. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed with data retrieved of the charts of the patients submitted to thyroidectomies occurred at a tertiary care center (Head and Neck Surgery Department, University of São Paulo Medical School) between 2010 and 2014. The selected thyroidectomies were allocated in two groups for study: patients with substernal goiters and patients with voluminous cervical goiter without thoracic extension. Cervical goiters were selected by ultrasonography mensuration. Clinical criterion was used to define substernal goiter. RESULTS: The average thyroid volume in patients with substernal goiter was significantly greater than the average volume in patients with only cervical goiter (p < 0.001). The prevalence of signs of reflux laryngitis at laryngoscopy was significantly greater in substernal goiter patients (p = 0.036). Moreover, substernal goiter was considered as the unique independent variable for high reflux laryngitis signs at laryngoscopy (OR = 2.75; CI95%: 1.05-7.20; p = 0.039) when compared to only cervical goiter patients. CONCLUSION: This study shows a significant association between substernal goiters and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux at preoperative laryngoscopy. Therefore, when compared with voluminous cervical goiters, the substernal goiters increase the chance of reflux laryngitis signs in patients.
Assuntos
Bócio Subesternal/epidemiologia , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Bócio/complicações , Bócio/epidemiologia , Bócio/fisiopatologia , Bócio/cirurgia , Bócio Subesternal/complicações , Bócio Subesternal/fisiopatologia , Bócio Subesternal/cirurgia , Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/complicações , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Laringoscopia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , TireoidectomiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION Fundoplication for laryngopharyngeal disease with oesophageal dysmotility has led to mixed outcomes. In the presence of preoperative dysphagia and oesophageal dysmotility, this procedure has engendered concern in certain regards. METHODS This paper describes a consecutive series of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) patients with a high frequency of dysmotility. Patients were selected for surgery with 24-hour dual channel pH monitoring, oesophageal manometry and standardised reflux scintigraphy. RESULTS Following careful patient selection, 33 patients underwent fundoplication by laparoscopy. Surgery had high efficacy in symptom control and there was no adverse dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of proximal reflux can select a group of patients for good results of fundoplication for atypical symptoms.