RESUMO
The Middle Stone Age (MSA) is associated with early behavioral innovations, expansions of modern humans within and out of Africa, and occasional population bottlenecks. Several innovations in the MSA are seen in an archaeological sequence in the rock shelter Sibudu (South Africa). At ~77,000 years ago, people constructed plant bedding from sedges and other monocotyledons topped with aromatic leaves containing insecticidal and larvicidal chemicals. Beginning at ~73,000 years ago, bedding was burned, presumably for site maintenance. By ~58,000 years ago, bedding construction, burning, and other forms of site use and maintenance intensified, suggesting that settlement strategies changed. Behavioral differences between ~77,000 and 58,000 years ago may coincide with population fluctuations in Africa.
Assuntos
Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho/história , Arqueologia , Comportamento , Cyperaceae , Fósseis , Sedimentos Geológicos , História Antiga , Humanos , Inseticidas , Folhas de Planta , Plantas , Poaceae , Dinâmica Populacional , África do SulAssuntos
Arte/história , Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho/história , Emigração e Imigração/história , Prisioneiros/história , Mulheres/história , Austrália , Exposições como Assunto , Feminino , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Reino UnidoRESUMO
This research describes nurses' experiences in administering "the water cure," hot or cold wet sheet packs, and continuous tub baths in state mental hospitals during the early twentieth century. Student and graduate nurses were required to demonstrate competence in hydrotherapy treatments used to calm agitated or manic patients in the era before neuroleptics. The nurses interviewed for this study indicated that, although labor intensive, hydrotherapy worked, at least temporarily. Although no longer used in state hospitals, hydrotherapy is regaining popularity with the general public and may serve as an adjunct to pharmacological treatments to calm hospitalized patients in the future.