Inmunidad Antiviral contra el virus dela Rubeola: Estudio piloto seroepidemiologico en mujeres en edad reproductiva / Antiviral immunity against the virus of the Rubeola: Study seroepidemiologico pilot in women in reproductive age

La infección por el virus de la rubeola contraída por mujeres en estado de gravidez puede causar en el feto un cuadro clínico que incluye malformaciones congénitas de diverso grado de severidad. La incidencia de infección congénita puede llegar hasta un 90 porciento durante los primeros meses de concepción, por lo que la reactividad inmunitaria juega un rol vital. La importancia de esta infección en nuestra población aún no se ha establecido, en este trabajo se determinó la inmunidad anti-rubeola de 92 mujeres voluntarias de 15 a 38 años de edad mediante la cuantificación de anticuerpos antivirales tipo IgG por ensayo inmunoenzimático. De la población estudiada, 13 porciento es susceptible a contraer la infección y el 18.5 porciento presenta baja concentración de anticuerposilO a 50 UI/mi). Estos resultados sugieren que el control de ia inmunidad antirubeola debería inciuirse en la asistencia prenatal y que la vacuna debería también dirigirse a población femenina, previa determinación de susceptibilidad inmunitaria

Rubella surveillance to June 1994: third joint report from the PHLS and the National Congenital Rubella Surveillance Programme.

A downward trend in the incidence of acquired rubella in England and Wales was reversed in 1993 when there were local outbreaks. These affected young adult males in particular, especially those living in college residences. Some spread to local antenatal populations occurred. Twenty-five confirmed infections were reported in pregnant women, most of whom were young and in their first pregnancy; this compares with totals of 12 and two in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Reports of congenital rubella have not risen since the 1993 outbreaks. Diagnosis lags behind birth, however, and further evaluation may be needed. Notifications of 14 infants, including one set of triplets, born with congenital infection since the beginning of 1991 have been received. Nine of the 12 mothers were immigrants, and three of these acquired their infection abroad. Data on antibody prevalence have revealed a large pool of susceptible males aged 10 to 25 years, which indicates that outbreaks in males would continue for some years if no action were taken. The national measles and rubella vaccination campaign in schools this month should abolish the difference in susceptibility between boys and girls up to 16 years of age and hasten progress towards the interruption of rubella transmission in the United Kingdom. Susceptibility in girls aged 13 to 14 years rose to 5.8% in 1993 from an average of 3.6% between 1986 and 1992. This suggests that the vaccination of schoolgirls has recently declined, but this component of the selective rubella vaccination programme will be discontinued after the measles and rubella campaign.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Congenital rubella syndrome in the United States, 1970-1985. On the verge of elimination.

The National Congenital Rubella Syndrome Registry, a passive surveillance system, and the Birth Defects Monitoring Program, a newborn hospital discharge data set, are used to monitor the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in the United States. Reports to the registry contain clinical and laboratory data which allow cases to be classified into six categories according to the likelihood of having congenital rubella syndrome. The monitoring program records newborn discharge diagnoses, without detailed information, of a nonrandom sample of about one fourth of the births in the United States annually. To evaluate the two systems and to estimate the actual incidence of congenital rubella syndrome, the authors collected hospital discharge summaries on all cases as reported by the monitoring program from 1970-1985 and classified them by the registry criteria. Of the 392 cases reported to the monitoring program during 1970-1985, 24% (n = 93) could be classified as confirmed or compatible compared with 79% (n = 415) of the 526 cases reported to the registry (rate ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9-3.8). Diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome was made during the neonatal period for 68% (263 of 389) registry cases for whom such data were available. When the Lincoln-Peterson capture-recapture method of estimating population size for independent surveillance systems was used, an estimated 1,064 confirmed and compatible cases (95% CI 668-1,460) diagnosed during the neonatal period occurred during 1970-1979, for an average of 106 cases per year. During 1980-1985, an estimate of 122 neonatal confirmed and compatible cases (95% CI 8-236) occurred, for an average of 20 cases per year. A downward secular trend in the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome beginning in 1980 was observed. The registry detected 22% of all neonatal confirmed and compatible cases, the monitoring program detected 8%, and the two systems combined detected a total of 28%. The results indicate that congenital rubella syndrome may be on the verge of elimination in the United States.