RESUMO
As part of the national plan for elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), Oman established a national registry of CRS cases. As of May 2005, the registry included 43 surviving CRS cases, with a mean age of 11.9 years. Clinical examinations found that 84% had ocular defects, 84% had auditory/speech defects, 70% had neurological manifestations, and 42% had cardiac defects. Lifetime medical, special education, and rehabilitation costs were assessed. Using a discount rate of 3%, the average direct lifetime cost per surviving CRS patient was estimated at 18,644 US dollars. When including predicted lost productivity due to CRS, the average discounted direct and indirect lifetime costs per surviving CRS patient amounted to 98,734 US dollars.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita/economia , Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita/terapia , Vírus da Rubéola , Criança , Custos e Análise de Custo , Oftalmopatias/congênito , Oftalmopatias/economia , Oftalmopatias/terapia , Seguimentos , Transtornos da Audição/congênito , Transtornos da Audição/economia , Transtornos da Audição/terapia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/economia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/congênito , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/economia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/terapia , Omã , Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita/reabilitação , Distúrbios da Fala/economia , Distúrbios da Fala/terapia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Severe self-injurious behavior (SIB) in people with mental retardation is difficult to treat when dangerously frequent or intense responding rules out functional analysis and interventions that permit free responding. This situation is common when restrictive devices, such as straight arm splints, are used. In this study, the effects of introducing flexion into a straight-arm splint, on SIB, self-restraint, adaptive behavior, and behavioral correlates of affect were examined for three individuals with severe mental retardation. Using single-case design methodology, for two individuals self-injury was reduced to zero, while the overall level of restriction was also significantly reduced. From the observed behavioral correlates of affect, there was no evidence of an increase in negative affect with the introduction of the new splint and the fading procedure, but there was evidence of an increase in positive vocalizations. Engagement in activities and social contact were not affected by the introduction of the new splint. The reasons for a decrease in SIB with a corresponding decrease in restriction in the absence of any manipulation of contingencies for SIB are discussed, with particular reference to stimulus control.