Salvage brachytherapy for second ipsilateral breast tumor event: Relating dosimetric analysis to late side effects.

PURPOSE: For second ipsilateral breast tumor event (2ndIBTE), conservative treatment (CT) involving wide local excision plus accelerated partial breast reirradiation (APBrI) is increasingly used as an alternative to mastectomy. This study investigates the impact of APBrI technique and multicatheter interstitial high dose-rate brachytherapy (MIB) dosimetry parameters on toxicity and survival in patients with 2ndIBTE. MATERIALS-METHODS: Data from patients with 2ndIBTE treated with CT, were analyzed. Inclusion criteria specified 2ndIBTE occurring at least one year after 1st CT for primary breast cancer. Treatment details and dosimetry parameters were recorded. Primary endpoint was late toxicity. Secondary endpoints were late toxicity prognostic factors analysis and oncological outcome. RESULTS: From 07/2005 and 07/2023, 201 patients (pts) received 2nd CT. With a median follow-up of 49.6 months (44.9-59.5), tumor size was less than 2 cm (88.1%), with estrogen receptor positive (92.7%). Patients were low (63.7%) or intermediate (29.8%) GEC-ESTRO APBI risk classification. Late toxicities were observed in 34.8% (G1 52.3%, G2 40.7%). Cutaneous fibrosis was the most common toxicity. Cosmetic outcomes were excellent in 64.1%. Dosimetry analysis revealed positive correlations between complications and absolute volumes of CTV, V100, V150, and V200. Volumes requiring higher needle number and lower DNR resulted in fewer complications. 5-year disease-free and overall survival were 88% and 95% respectively. CONCLUSION: Second CT for 2ndIBTE showed favorable oncological outcomes and survival rates. Complications were correlated with specific dosimetric parameters, emphasizing the importance of tailored treatment planning. This study provides valuable insights in risk stratification and MIB optimization for APBrI.

Reirradiation: A complex situation.

Reirradiation of a tumor recurrence or second cancer in a previously irradiated area is challenging due to lack of high-quality physical, radiobiological, clinical data and inherent substantial risks of toxicity with cumulative dose and uncertain tissue recovery. Yet, major advances have been made in radiotherapy techniques, that have the potential to achieve cure while limiting severe toxicity rates, but still much research is necessary to better appraise the therapeutic index in such a complex situation.

Retreatment of Recurrent or Second Primary Head and Neck Cancer After Prior Radiation: Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria.

Retreatment of recurrent or second primary head and neck cancers occurring in a previously irradiated field is complex. Few guidelines exist to support practice. We performed an updated literature search of peer-reviewed journals in a systematic fashion. Search terms, key questions, and associated clinical case variants were formed by panel consensus. The literature search informed the committee during a blinded vote on the appropriateness of treatment options via the modified Delphi method. The final number of citations retained for review was 274. These informed 5 key questions, which focused on patient selection, adjuvant reirradiation, definitive reirradiation, stereotactic body radiation, and reirradiation to treat nonsquamous cancer. Results of the consensus voting are presented along with discussion of the most current evidence. This provides updated evidence-based recommendations and guidelines for the retreatment of recurrent or second primary cancer of the head and neck.

Estimating the percentage of patients who might benefit from proton beam therapy instead of X-ray radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: High-energy Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) commenced in England in 2018 and NHS England commissions PBT for 1.5% of patients receiving radical radiotherapy. We sought expert opinion on the level of provision. METHODS: Invitations were sent to 41 colleagues working in PBT, most at one UK centre, to contribute by completing a spreadsheet. 39 responded: 23 (59%) completed the spreadsheet; 16 (41%) declined, arguing that clinical outcome data are lacking, but joined six additional site-specialist oncologists for two consensus meetings. The spreadsheet was pre-populated with incidence data from Cancer Research UK and radiotherapy use data from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service. 'Mechanisms of Benefit' of reduced growth impairment, reduced toxicity, dose escalation and reduced second cancer risk were examined. RESULTS: The most reliable figure for percentage of radical radiotherapy patients likely to benefit from PBT was that agreed by 95% of the 23 respondents at 4.3%, slightly larger than current provision. The median was 15% (range 4-92%) and consensus median 13%. The biggest estimated potential benefit was from reducing toxicity, median benefit to 15% (range 4-92%), followed by dose escalation median 3% (range 0 to 47%); consensus values were 12 and 3%. Reduced growth impairment and reduced second cancer risk were calculated to benefit 0.5% and 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The most secure estimate of percentage benefit was 4.3% but insufficient clinical outcome data exist for confident estimates. The study supports the NHS approach of using the evidence base and developing it through randomised trials, non-randomised studies and outcomes tracking. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Less is known about the percentage of patients who may benefit from PBT than is generally acknowledged. Expert opinion varies widely. Insufficient clinical outcome data exist to provide robust estimates. Considerable further work is needed to address this, including international collaboration; much is already underway but will take time to provide mature data.

Reirradiation of Recurrent and Second Primary Cancers of the Head and Neck: a Review of the Contemporary Evidence.

OPINION STATEMENT: Recurrent and second primary head and neck cancers represent a clinical challenge due to frequently unresectable and/or locally advanced disease. Given that many of these patients have received definitive doses of radiation previously, reirradiation is associated with significant morbidity. Use of modern approaches such as conformal photon-based planning and charged particle therapy using protons or carbon ions allows for greater sparing of normal tissues while maintaining or escalating doses to tumor volumes. While the reirradiation data has consistently shown benefits to local control and even survival from escalation of radiotherapy dose, excessive cumulative doses can result in severe toxicities, including fatal carotid blowout syndrome. For all modalities, appropriate patient selection is of utmost importance. Large-scale trials and multi-institutional registry data are needed to standardize treatment modalities, and to determine optimal doses and volumes for reirradiation.

Long-term risk of subsequent ipsilateral lesions after surgery with or without radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy (RT) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) reduces ipsilateral breast event rates in clinical trials. This study assessed the impact of DCIS treatment on a 20-year risk of ipsilateral DCIS (iDCIS) and ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (iIBC) in a population-based cohort. METHODS: The cohort comprised all women diagnosed with DCIS in the Netherlands during 1989-2004 with follow-up until 2017. Cumulative incidence of iDCIS and iIBC following BCS and BCS + RT were assessed. Associations of DCIS treatment with iDCIS and iIBC risk were estimated in multivariable Cox models. RESULTS: The 20-year cumulative incidence of any ipsilateral breast event was 30.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 28.9-32.6) after BCS compared to 18.2% (95% CI 16.3-20.3) following BCS + RT. Women treated with BCS compared to BCS + RT had higher risk of developing iDCIS and iIBC within 5 years after DCIS diagnosis (for iDCIS: hazard ratio (HR)age < 50 3.2 (95% CI 1.6-6.6); HRage ≥ 50 3.6 (95% CI 2.6-4.8) and for iIBC: HRage<50 2.1 (95% CI 1.4-3.2); HRage ≥ 50 4.3 (95% CI 3.0-6.0)). After 10 years, the risk of iDCIS and iIBC no longer differed for BCS versus BCS + RT (for iDCIS: HRage < 50 0.7 (95% CI 0.3-1.5); HRage ≥ 50 0.7 (95% CI 0.4-1.3) and for iIBC: HRage < 50 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-0.9); HRage ≥ 50 1.2 (95% CI 0.9-1.6)). CONCLUSION: RT is associated with lower iDCIS and iIBC risk up to 10 years after BCS, but this effect wanes thereafter.

Role of proton therapy in reirradiation and in the treatment of sarcomas.

Reirradiation and irradiation of sarcoma is often difficult due to the frequent need for a high dose of radiation in order to increase tumor control. This can result in a greater risk of toxicity which can be mitigated with the use of proton therapy. The present review aims to summarize the role of proton therapy in these 2 clinical contexts.

Biology-guided radiotherapy: redefining the role of radiotherapy in metastatic cancer.

The emerging biological understanding of metastatic cancer and proof-of-concept clinical trials suggest that debulking all gross disease holds great promise for improving patient outcomes. However, ablation of multiple targets with conventional external beam radiotherapy systems is burdensome, which limits investigation and utilization of complete metastatic ablation in the majority of patients with advanced disease. To overcome this logistical hurdle, technical innovation is necessary. Biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT) is a new external beam radiotherapy delivery modality combining positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with a 6 MV linear accelerator. The key innovation is continuous response of the linear accelerator to outgoing tumor PET emissions with beamlets of radiotherapy at subsecond latency. This allows the deposited dose to track tumors in real time. Multiple new hardware and algorithmic advances further facilitate this low-latency feedback process. By transforming tumors into their own fiducials after intravenous injection of a radiotracer, BgRT has the potential to enable complete metastatic ablation in a manner efficient for a single patient and scalable to entire populations with metastatic disease. Future trends may further enhance the utility of BgRT in the clinic as this technology dovetails with other innovations in radiotherapy, including novel dose painting and fractionation schemes, radiomics, and new radiotracers.

Salvage Mastectomy Versus Second Conservative Treatment for Second Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Event: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Analysis of the GEC-ESTRO Breast Cancer Working Group Database.

PURPOSE: Second conservative treatment has emerged as an option for patients with a second ipsilateral breast tumor event after conserving surgery and breast irradiation. We aimed to address the lack of evidence regarding second breast event treatment by comparing oncologic outcomes after conservative treatment or mastectomy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Oncologic outcomes were analyzed using a propensity score-matched cohort analysis study on patients who received a diagnosis of a second breast event between January 1995 and June 2017. Patient data were collected from 15 hospitals/cancer centers in 7 European countries. Patients were offered mastectomy or lumpectomy plus brachytherapy. Propensity scores were calculated with logistic regression and multiple imputations. Matching (1:1) was achieved using the nearest neighbor method, including 10 clinical/pathologic data related to the second breast event. The primary endpoint was 5-year overall survival from the salvage surgery date. Secondary endpoints were 5-year cumulative incidence of third breast event, regional relapse and distant metastasis, and disease-free and specific survival. Complications and 5-year incidence of mastectomy were investigated in the conservative treatment cohort. RESULTS: Among the 1327 analyzed patients (mastectomy, 945; conservative treatment, 382), 754 were matched by propensity score (mastectomy, 377; conservative treatment, 377). The median follow-up was 75.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.4-83.3) and 73.8 months (95% CI, 67.5-80.8) for mastectomy and conservative treatment, respectively (P = .9). In the matched analyses, no differences in 5-year overall survival and cumulative incidence of third breast event were noted between mastectomy and conservative treatment (88% [95% CI, 83.0-90.8] vs 87% [95% CI, 82.1-90.2], P = .6 and 2.3% [95% CI, 0.7-3.9] vs 2.8% [95% CI, 0.8-4.7], P = .4, respectively). Similarly, no differences were observed for all secondary endpoints. Five-year cumulative incidence of mastectomy was 3.1% (95% CI, 1.0-5.1). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the largest matched analysis of mastectomy and conservative treatment combining lumpectomy with brachytherapy for second breast events. Compared with mastectomy, conservative treatment does not appear to be associated with any differences in terms of oncologic outcome. Consequently, conservative treatment could be considered a viable option for salvage treatment.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland with primary lung cancer: A rare case report.

INTRODUCTION: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare, low-grade malignancy that occurs primarily in the parotid gland and is most common in women aged 60 to 70 years. Cases of parotid EMC have been reported previously. Furthermore, some studies have suggested an increased risk of salivary gland tumors with secondary primary malignancies. There have been few reports of parotid EMC with other primary tumors. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 62-year-old Chinese man visited the hospital with a complaint of a mass on his left cheek that had persisted for 20 years. Routine pulmonary computed tomography showed a local ground glass shadow in the lower lobe of the right lung. DIAGNOSIS: The pathological diagnosis of lung was right lower lobe lung adenocarcinoma (pT1N0). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that cytokeratin (CK)-7, NapsinA, and thyroid transcription factor-1 tested positive, while CK5/6, P40, and ALKD5F3 tested negative. The pathological diagnosis of left parotid gland: EMC. On immunohistochemistry staining, the outer cells expressed myoepithelial markers, such as CK5/6, P63, smooth muscle actin, while the inner cells expressed glandular epithelial markers, such as low-molecular-weight CK7 and CK8. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent resection of the lung and parotid tumors, and received preventive radiotherapy in the parotid gland area. OUTCOMES: The patient is in good condition. No symptom recurrence, distant metastatic spread or significant toxicity occurred during or after the treatment. The patient remains under regular surveillance. CONCLUSION: We report a rare case of parotid EMC with a second primary lung adenocarcinoma. This case is the third case of primary lung cancer associated with parotid EMC reported to date and the first to be reported in nearly 30 years.

The value of moderate dose escalation for re-irradiation of recurrent or second primary head-and-neck cancer.

BACKGROUND: Treatment for local and locoregional recurrence or second head-and-neck (H&N) cancers after previous radiotherapy is challenging, and re-irradiation carries a significantly increased risk for radiotherapy-related normal tissue toxicities and treatment failure due to a radioresistant tumor phenotype. Here, we analyzed re-irradiation management and outcomes in patients with recurrent or second primary H&N carcinoma using state-of-the-art diagnostic procedures and radiotherapy techniques. METHODS: Between 2010 and 2019, 48 patients with recurrent or second primary H&N carcinoma received re-radiotherapy at the University of Freiburg Medical Center and were included in this study. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate Cox-regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of clinico-pathological factors on treatment outcomes. Acute and chronic treatment-related toxicities were quantified using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.03). RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (64.6%) received definitive and 17 (35.4%) adjuvant radiotherapy. Simultaneous chemotherapy was administered in 28 patients (58.3%) with cetuximab as the most commonly used systemic agent (n = 17, 60.7%). After a median time of 17 months (range 4 months to 176 months) between first and second radiotherapy, patients were re-irradiated with a median of 58.4 Gy and a treatment completion rate of 87.5% (n = 42). Median OS was 25 months with a 1-year OS amounting to 62.4%, and median PFS was 9 months with a 1-year PFS of 37.6%. Univariate analyses demonstrated that both a lower rT-status and a radiotherapy boost were associated with improved OS (p < 0.05). There was a trend towards superior OS for patients who received > 50 Gy (p = 0.091) and who completed the prescribed radiotherapy (p = 0.055). Five patients (10.4%) suffered from at least one grade 3 toxicities, while 9 patients (27.3%) experienced chronic higher-grade toxicities (≥ grade 3) with one (3.0%) grade 4 carotid blowout and one (3.0%) grade 4 osteoradionecrosis. CONCLUSION: Re-irradiation of recurrent or second primary H&N cancer with modern radiation techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy resulted in promising survival rates with acceptable toxicities compared to historical cohorts. Increased re-irradiation doses, utilization of a radiotherapy boost and completion of the re-irradiation treatment were found to result in improved survival.

Safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiofrequency ablation for very large (≥8 cm) primary and metastatic liver tumors.

To assess the safety and clinical outcomes of multi-probe stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) for very large (≥8 cm) primary and metastatic liver tumors with curative treatment intent. A retrospective, single center study carried out between 01.2005 and 06.2018. 34 consecutive patients had a total of 41 primary and metastatic liver tumors with a median size of 9.0 cm (8.0-18.0 cm) at initial SRFA. Patients were treated under CT guidance using a 3D navigation system. Endpoints consisted of (i) technical efficacy; primary - requiring one treatment, and secondary - requiring two treatments (ii) complication and mortality rates (iii) local and distant recurrence (LR), (iv) disease free survival (DFS), (v) overall survival (OS). 33/41 tumors were successfully ablated at initial SRFA (80.5% primary technical efficacy rate (PTE)). Four tumors required repeat ablation, resulting in a secondary technical efficacy (STE) rate of 90.2%. Local tumor recurrence (LR) developed in 4 of 41 tumors (9.8%). The 30-day perioperative mortality was 2.3% (1/ 44 ablations). The total major complication rate was 20.5% (9 of 44 ablations). Three of nine (33.3%) major complications, such as pleural effusion, pneumothoraces or perihepatic hemorrhages were relatively easy to treat. The overall survival (OS) rates at 1-, 3-, and 5- years from the date of the first SRFA were 87.1%, 71.8%, and 62.8% for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 87.5%, 70.0% and 70.0% for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) respectively. Patients with metastatic disease had OS rates of 77.8% and 22.2% at 1- and 3- years. The clinical results of SRFA in this study are encouraging and warrant a prospective multicenter study. SRFA may become one of the best therapeutic choices for a growing number of patients with primary and metastatic liver cancer.

Second conservative treatment for second ipsilateral breast tumor event: A systematic review of the different re-irradiation techniques.

AIM: To address the different partial breast re-irradiation techniques available in the context of second conservative treatment (SCT), as an alternative to salvage mastectomy, for 2nd ipsilateral breast tumor event (IBTE) and summarize their respective oncological and toxicity outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was made based on MeSH/PubMed, including papers from 1995 to 2019. Each article was described according to the main irradiation technique, fractionation, oncological results and grade 3 toxicities related to the salvage conservative treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-two articles were identified, reporting the outcomes of over 1 000 patients. MIB Brachytherapy was the most used re-irradiation technique in case of SCT, with a median 3rdIBTE-FS rate of 88% and summed up grade 3 toxicities of 6%. As for IORT, the average rate of 3rdIBTE-FS was about Finally, external beam partial re-irradiation was recently tested in this indication with encouraging results in terms of tolerance. CONCLUSION: When presenting a 2ndIBTE, a SCT can safely be proposed to carefully selected and well-informed patients, as an alternative to salvage mastectomy. MIB appears to be the first intention and most robust choice. IORT, external beam radiotherapy and balloon brachytherapy are interesting alternatives but have only been tested in small series. Further investigations are required and their use should be limited to clinical trial only.

Platinum exposure and cause-specific mortality among patients with testicular cancer.

BACKGROUND: Although testicular cancer (TC) treatment has been associated with severe late morbidities, including second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), cause-specific excess mortality has been rarely studied among patients treated in the platinum era. METHODS: In a large, multicenter cohort including 6042 patients with TC treated between 1976 and 2006, cause-specific mortality was compared with general population mortality rates. Associations with treatment were assessed with proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 17.6 years, 800 patients died; 40.3% of these patients died because of TC. The cumulative mortality was 9.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5%-10.7%) 25 years after TC treatment. In comparison with general population mortality rates, patients with nonseminoma experienced 2.0 to 11.6 times elevated mortality from lung, stomach, pancreatic, rectal, and kidney cancers, soft-tissue sarcomas, and leukemia; 1.9-fold increased mortality (95% CI, 1.3-2.8) from IHD; and 3.9-fold increased mortality (95% CI, 1.5-8.4) from pneumonia. Seminoma patients experienced 2.5 to 4.6 times increased mortality from stomach, pancreatic, bladder cancer and leukemia. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were associated with 2.1 (95% CI, 1.8-2.5) and 2.5 times higher SMN mortality (95% CI, 2.0-3.1), respectively, in comparison with the general population. In a multivariable analysis, patients treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy had a 2.5-fold increased hazard ratio (HR; 95% CI, 1.8-3.5) for SMN mortality in comparison with patients without platinum-containing chemotherapy. The HR for SMN mortality increased 0.29 (95% CI, 0.19-0.39) per 100 mg/m2 platinum dose administered (Ptrend  < .001). IHD mortality was increased 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.5-4.2) after platinum-containing chemotherapy in comparison with patients without platinum exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Platinum-containing chemotherapy is associated with a dose-dependent increase in the risk of SMN mortality.

Radiotherapy was associated with the lower incidence of metachronous second primary lung cancer.

Our study aims to estimate the incidence of metachronous second primary lung cancer(SPLC) in initial primary lung cancer(IPLC) survivors and to determine whether radiotherapy affects the risk of metachronous SPLC in the first five years after the diagnosis of lung cancer. Incidence data of IPLC individuals who survived ≥2 years were obtained from SEER-18 database in 2004-2007. Joinpoint regression analysis and competing risk analysis were used to calculate the incidence of metachronous SPLC. Propensity score matching and decision analysis were available to estimate the effect of radiotherapy on metachronous SPLC. 264 of 11657 IPLC survivors with radiotherapy and 1090 of 24499 IPLC survivors without radiotherapy developed metachronous SPLC during 5-year follow-up, respectively. In joinpoint regression analysis, the 5-year incidence of metachronous SPLC in the radiotherapy group was lower than that in the nonradiotherapy group(2385 per 100,000 vs 4748 per 100,000, HR = 0.43,95% CI:0.39-0.47). Competing risk analysis showed that the survivors with radiotherapy were associated with the lower 5 year incidence of metachronous SPLC compared with those without radiotherapy(2.28% vs 4.47%, HR = 0.49,95% CI:0.43-0.57). Through propensity score matching, 4077 pairs of survivors were available to further study that radiotherapy potentially decreased the risk of developing metachronous SPLC with the adjustment of various factors(2.5% vs 3.3%, HR = 0.72, 95% CI:0.55-0.96). Decision analysis suggested that radiotherapy was a negative independent risk factor of metachronous SPLC with clinical net benefit in a range of risk thresholds (2% to 5%). Survivors of IPLC with radiotherapy likely had a low risk of metachronous SPLC during the first five years follow-up, especially non-small cell lung cancer.

Intraocular Metastasis in Unilateral Multifocal Uveal Melanoma Without Melanocytosis or Germline BAP1 Mutations.

Importance: There has been speculation on the pathogenesis of unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma, but there remains no convincing explanation. Genetic analysis suggests that unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma may represent intraocular metastasis with increased risk of systemic metastasis. Objective: To evaluate the pathogenesis of unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma. Design, Setting, and Participants: This clinical case series was conducted in tertiary academic ocular oncology referral centers and included patients with unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma. Main Outcomes and Measures: Gene expression and mutation profiling of tumor samples. Results: Four patients (all male; age range, 54-77 years) who were diagnosed with uveal melanoma were treated with plaque brachytherapy, and subsequently developed a second discrete uveal melanoma in the same eye were included. None demonstrated ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis. All 8 tumors available for analysis exhibited class 2 gene expression profiles. In all 4 cases, the initial and subsequent tumors were available for targeted DNA sequencing and identical driver mutations were present in both tumors. Data were collected from September 2015 to August 2018. Conclusions and Relevance: Unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma in the absence of ocular melanocytosis appears to occur preferentially in tumors with the class 2 gene expression profile and a BRCA1-associated protein 1 gene (BAP1) mutation. The presence of identical BAP1 mutations in multiple tumors in the same eye in the absence of a germline BAP1 mutation suggests intraocular metastasis rather than independent primary tumors. These findings indicate that the first site of metastasis can be within the eye itself and suggest that patients with unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma may be at increased risk of systemic metastasis.

A Prospective Phase II Trial of Radioembolization for Treatment of Uveal Melanoma Hepatic Metastasis.

Background Overall survival (OS) for patients with uveal melanoma (UM) hepatic metastases is extremely poor. Therefore, stabilization of hepatic metastases is essential to prolonging OS. Purpose To assess the safety and effectiveness of radioembolization (RE) for treatment of UM hepatic metastases. Materials and Methods Enrollment for this prospective phase II trial began November 2011 and concluded January 2017. Treatment-naïve participants (group A) and participants who progressed after immunoembolization (group B) with hepatic tumor burden less than 50% underwent RE. Participants were followed for 1 month and every 3 months for acute and delayed toxicities, respectively. MRI, CT, and PET were performed every 3 months to evaluate for tumor response and extrahepatic disease. Participants were followed for at least 2 years or until death. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used for data analysis. Results In group A, 24 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 59 years ± 13; 13 men and 11 women) underwent unilobar (n = 7), fractionated whole-liver (n = 1), or sequential lobar (n = 16) RE. One participant was excluded from the trial. Complete response (n = 0), partial response (n = 9), or stable disease (n = 11) was achieved in 20 of 23 (87.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 66.4%, 97.2%) participants. Median progression-free survival from liver metastasis was 8.1 months (95% CI: 6.4, 11.8; range, 3.3-33.7 months). Median OS was 18.5 months (95% CI: 11.3, 23.5; range, 6.5-73.7 months). In group B, 24 participants (mean age, 58 years ± 10; nine men and 15 women) underwent unilobar (n = 5) or sequential lobar (n = 19) RE. Complete response (n = 0), partial response (n = 8), or stable disease (n = 6) was achieved in 14 of 24 (58.3%; 95% CI: 36.3%, 77.9%) participants. Median progression-free survival from liver metastasis was 5.2 months (95% CI: 3.7, 9.8; range, 2.9-22.0 months). Median OS was 19.2 months (95% CI: 11.5, 24.0; range, 4.8-76.6 months). Grade 3 treatment-related toxicities included transient lymphopenia (group A, n = 1; group B, n = 1), pain (group A, n = 2) and nausea or vomiting (group A, n = 1). Conclusion Radioembolization is a promising treatment for patients with uveal melanoma hepatic metastases. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

[Reirradiation for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Indications and results]. / Réirradiations des carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aérodigestives supérieures : indications et résultats.

Despite progress in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a significant proportion of patients previously irradiated for head-and-neck cancer will develop locoregional recurrence or a second primary. Because of the heterogeneity of this population with respect to disease-related factors (localization, volume, recurrence or second primary, time interval from previous irradiation…) and patient-related factors (comorbidities, sequelae of previous irradiation…), the optimal reirradiation treatment remains to be defined. Salvage therapy using reirradiation, despite some encouraging results, has historically been avoided because of concerns regarding toxicity. The results of more recent studies using contemporary treatment techniques and conformal delivery methods such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) have been somewhat more promising. The aim of this review is to discuss the reirradiation of HNSCC in terms of patient selection and modern radiotherapy techniques.