Paul C. Hodges and the Early Development of Radiology in China.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the contributions of Paul C. Hodges to the development of radiology in China. CONCLUSION. During his 8 years in China, Hodges made important contributions to improving radiologic diagnostics and developing radiation therapy. He added and improved radiographic equipment, established a standardized system for radiographic examinations, and successfully designed a simple, portable radiographic machine that could be used with the domestic power supply. He also started a radiology school, held a summer training class, and trained many Chinese radiology experts, which provided a solid talent and technology foundation for the early development of radiology in China. Because of his contributions, Hodges can be referred to as the founder of radiology in China.

RADIOLOGÍA, los clínicos y los radiólogos / RADIOLOGÍA, clinicians and radiologists

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A personal reflection on the history of radiation oncology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.

PURPOSE: To provide a historical and personal narrative of the development of radiation oncology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), from its founding more than 100 years ago to the present day. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Historical sources include the Archives of MSKCC, publications by members of MSKCC, the author's personal records and recollections, and her communications with former colleagues, particularly Dr. Basil Hilaris, Dr. Zvi Fuks, and Dr. Beryl McCormick. CONCLUSIONS: The author, who spent 38 years at MSKCC, presents the challenges and triumphs of MSKCC's Radiation Oncology Department and details MSKCC's breakthroughs in radiation oncology. She also describes MSKCC's involvement in the founding of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

Radiología e informes radiológicos en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá: 108 años de la sociedad de cirugía de Bogotá / Radiology and radiological reports in the Hospital de San José de Bogotá: 108 years of the sociedad de cirugía de Bogotá

Nos proponemos enmarcar en la historia del Hospital de San José los orígenes y evolución del servicio de Imágenes Diagnósticas, uno de los primeros que hubo en el país.

We intend to frame in the history of Hospital de San José the origins and evolution of Diagnostic Imaging Services, one of the first that occurred in the country.

[The amazing treatment of ringworm in a Nantes hospital at the beginning of the 20th century]. / Le surprenant traitement de la teigne dans un hôpital nantais au début du XXème siècle.

In 1900, in Nantes, the ringworm was a real plague. Despite the very painful cares recovery could not be hoped before two years while the poor boys were roaming around far from school. At the Home St Jacques, a district for children suffering from ringworm and a department of electro-radiology were open where Doctor Gustave Bureau began to use X Rays to cure the ill hair and create a long lasting alopecia. The result was spectacular and patches disappeared in a few days. Besides three cases of radio dermatitis, there was no noticeable incident in spite of irradiation for twenty to twenty five minutes. The treatment has been used for about fifty years as it changed the life of the children till an effective drug. Then some studies showed the harmful long-term effects of such expositions to X rays.

Crisis también en la Radiología? / Is there also a crisis in radiology?

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[The first Hungarian radiotherapy department was founded at Uzsoki Street Hospital 75 years ago]. / 75 éves az önálló sugárterápia az Uzsoki utcai Kórházban.

The first Hungarian radiotherapy department treating cancer patients by using 226Ra brachytherapy was founded in the Uzsoki Hospital 75 years ago. This institution represented the European level of the 1930s. The authors are presenting a brief summary of the main activities and the technical development of the Municipal Oncoradiological Centre as well as scientific investigations at the beginning of the 21st century.

Redefining cancer during the interwar period: British medical officers of health, state policy, managerialism, and public health.

The implementation of radiation technologies within the British hospital system was a significant element in the establishment of the managerial organization of medicine in the interwar period. One aspect of this implementation process was that, in order to install cancer patients within the "radiotherapy factory," British medical officers of health adapted their organizational cultures from being environmentalists to being administrators of medical services. One of the consequences of this change was the accomplishment of a much more reductive approach to cancer compared with a more holistic approach to the disease.

Recent history of the shielding of medical x-ray imaging facilities.

Since the discovery of x rays by Roentgen in 1895, a progression of reports containing recommendations to reduce the hazards from this "invisible light" have been published. These reports, generated by a number of expert national and international bodies, issued ever-evolving protection guidelines for shielding radiation workers and members of the public from the potential health effects of this radiation. In recent years, significant changes have been made in the recommended dose limits, and a number of articles that provide updated shielding data, parameters, and methodologies for x-ray imaging facilities have been published. Scientific Committee 9 (SC9) of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) (formed with the support of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine), was given the charge of reviewing the literature and updating the NCRP shielding recommendations for x rays used for medical imaging purposes (i.e., for diagnostic and interventional procedures). This article focuses on the new data and models presented in these recent publications and on the recommendations of the current NCRP report, produced by SC9, for the design of radiation barriers in medical imaging facilities.