Saúde reforça importância do acesso de adolescentes às diferentes formas de prevenção ao HIV e à Aids

Desde 2022, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) possibilita a prescrição da profilaxia pré-exposição (PrEP) ao HIV para adolescentes acima de 15 anos que pesem acima de 35 quilos, sejam sexualmente ativos e apresentem risco aumentado para a infecção pelo vírus. No entanto, o número de dispensações da profilaxia para essa população ainda é baixo.

Continuidad de cuidados en Salud Mental infanto-juvenil

El siguiente artículo indaga las condiciones de articulación de la red socio-sanitaria en las prácticas de salud mental infanto-juvenil en el subsector público de salud en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, siguiendo el hilo de políticas específicas de continuidad de cuidados en la red de servicios de salud mental en los últimos veinte años y las derivas presentes en la recepción de la llamada niñez en riesgo en sus recorridos de vida, singulares y colectivos. (AU)

¿Hay alguien ahí?: Experiencias en la clínica psicopedagógica grupal con púberes en tiempos de pandemia / Anyone there?: Experiences in the psychopedagogical clinic group with pubescents in times of pandemic

Escrito del Equipo de Psicopedagogía del Centro de Salud Nº 10, perteneciente al Área Programática del Hospital Dr. José María Penna, de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Debido a la pandemia la atención clínica presencial debió ser suspendida, y se continuó con la asistencia a los pacientes de manera virtual. Con algunxs se realizaron seguimientos telefónicos con lxs referentes familiares y en algunos casos con lxs niñxs así como también se mantuvieron comunicaciones con las escuelas, derivaciones e interconsultas; con otrxs se logró cierta continuidad en el tratamiento por lo general a través de videollamadas de whastapp. Este es el caso del grupo de tratamiento de púberes del que se propone compartir y reflexionar. En la sede de este equipo, el abordaje clínico grupal data ya de varios años pero particularmente el grupo de púberes surgió en el año 2018. Por tanto, en un primer momento, se propone historizar y contextualizar al grupo de tratamiento psicopedagógico así como también compartir la concepción de la clínica grupal. Además, se comparten la conceptualización de la pubertad que sostiene el equipo y los procesos psíquicos esperables que se dan en este tiempo articulado con el contexto actual. (AU)

Salud

Población por tipo de cobertura médica; gráfico de hospitales con internación por tipo y especialidad, y de centros de salud; y promedio diario de niños y adolescentes beneficiados por distintas dependencias de la Dirección General de Niños/as y Adolescentes.

Informe de rotación electiva

El siguiente informe tiene como objetivo dar cuenta de la experiencia de rotación electiva realizada en la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social, Ambiente y Salud de la Municipalidad de Gualeguaychú, provincia de Entre Ríos. La misma se desarrolló en el periodo del 19 de abril al 30 de junio de 2021 en el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 y se dió en el marco de la Residencia Interdisciplinaria de Educación y Promoción de la Salud (RIEPS) dependiente del Ministerio de Salud del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (GCBA). La sede formadora es el Centro de Salud y Acción Comunitaria (CeSAC) nº 24 dependiente del Área Programática del Hospital Piñero. La experiencia aquí presentada se desarrolló principalmente en el Centro de Atención Primaria de la Salud (CAPS) Villa María y el Área de Género y Diversidad Sexual. Ambos espacios se encuentran bajo la órbita de la Secretaría antes mencionada. (AU)

[COVID-19 and mental health services in Europe]. / COVID-19 e servizi di salute mentale in Europa.

The area of mental health is directly affected by the pandemic and its consequences, for various reasons: 1-the pandemic triggered a global lockdown, with dramatic socioeconomic and therefore psychosocial implications; 2-mental health services, which treat by definition a fragile population from the psychological, biological and social points of view, have a complex organizational frame, and it was expected that this would be affected (or overwhelmed) by the pandemic; 3-mental health services should, at least in theory, be able to help guide public health policies when these involve a significant modification of individual behaviour. It was conducted a narrative review of the publications produced by European researchers in the period February-June 2020 and indexed in PubMed. A total of 34 papers were analyzed, which document the profound clinical, organizational and procedural changes introduced in mental health services following this exceptional and largely unforeseen planetary event.Among the main innovations recorded everywhere, the strong push towards the use of telemedicine techniques should be mentioned: however, these require an adequate critical evaluation, which highlights their possibilities, limits, advantages and disadvantages instead of simple triumphalist judgments. Furthermore, should be emphasized the scarcity of quantitative studies conducted in this period and the absence of studies aimed, for example, at exploring the consequences of prolonged and forced face-to-face contact between patients and family members with a high index of "expressed emotions".

Salud

Cobertura de atención de salud de la población; gráfico de hospitales con internación por tipo y especialidad, y de centros de salud y acción comunitaria; y datos de atención social a niños, niñas y adolescentes

Salud

Tipo de cobertura de la atención medica de la población de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, gráfico de la distribución de hospitales con internación y centros de salud comunitarios, y datos de la atención social a niños, niñas, y adolescentes.

Informe de Rotación Electiva

El presente informe recupera la experiencia de trabajo y los aprendizajes alcanzados durante el proceso de rotación electiva en el tercer año de la Residencia Interdisciplinaria de Educación y Promoción de la Salud (RIEPS). En el mismo se presentan los objetivos de rotación; las actividades realizadas para alcanzar dichos objetivos; algunos obstáculos y dificultades; y se describen los principales aprendizajes y conclusiones. Esta rotación electiva fue realizada en el Centro Especializado en Salud Integral de Adolescentes Dr. Pozzi (CESIA Pozzi), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. (AU)

Guía Nacional de Anticoncepción para Adolescentes / National Guide to Contraception for Adolescents

Abordada desde la perspectiva del MSPAS que es consciente de que el embarazo en adolescentes afecta su salud, desarrollo y proyecto de vida, y que ha contribuido al logro de avances importantes, para garantizar los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de los adolescentes que son atendidos en las redes de servicios de salud. Además, el documento refleja los compromisos adquiridos en torno a disminuir: embarazos en adolescentes y muertes maternas, además de la prevención del VIH/Sida, las ITS y la violencia sexual. Esta guía está dirigida al personal de salud de los tres niveles de atención del MSPAS con la finalidad de fortalecer las competencias técnicas y orientarles para que brinden atención de forma integral y con calidad, garantizando la información, orientación, consejería balanceada y provisión de métodos anticonceptivos y porque además el ministerio, aporta atención desde espacios amigables y clínicas integrales hospitalarias para adolescentes, así como la provisión de métodos anticonceptivos (y clínicas de planificación familiar).

Sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) for adolescents in Enugu state, Nigeria: a mixed methods approach.

BACKGROUND: Availability and accessibility of sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents are very crucial for prevention and control of sexual and reproductive health problems. These services also play vital roles in the promotion of adolescents' sexual and reproductive health generally. The main purpose of the study was to determine the availability and accessibility (geographical and financial) of sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) among adolescents in Enugu State, Nigeria. METHODS: A mixed methods approach was adopted for the study. 192 health facilities were reached to check availability of SRH services. Randomly sampled 1447 adolescents (12-22 years) completed the questionnaire correctly. Twenty-seven interviews and 18 group discussions were conducted. Instruments for data collection consisted of a checklist, a questionnaire, a focus group discussion guide and an in-depth interview guide. All instruments were pre-tested. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. NVivo 11 Pro software was used to code and thematically analyze the qualitative data. RESULTS: A total of 1447 adolescents (between 12 and 22 years) completed the questionnaire correctly. Among these adolescents, males constituted 42.9% while females were 57.1%. The majority (86.7%) of the adolescents reported availability of safe motherhood services, and 67.5% reported availability of services for prevention and management of STIs and HIV and AIDS. The majority reported that these services were geographically accessible but few were financially accessible to adolescents. However, qualitative data revealed that available services were not specifically provided for adolescents but for general use. Age (p = ≤ .05), education (p = ≤ .05) and income (p = ≤ .05) were found to be significantly associated with access to SRHS. CONCLUSION: SRHS were generally physically available but not financially accessible to adolescents. Adolescents' clinics were not available and this could affect the access of SRHS by adolescents. Education and income were significantly associated with access to SRHS.

The no-go zone: a qualitative study of access to sexual and reproductive health services for sexual and gender minority adolescents in Southern Africa.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents have significant sexual and reproductive health needs. However, complex legal frameworks, and social attitudes about adolescent sexuality, including the values of healthcare providers, govern adolescent access to sexual and reproductive health services. These laws and social attitudes are often antipathetic to sexual and gender minorities. Existing literature assumes that adolescents identify as heterosexual, and exclusively engage in (heteronormative) sexual activity with partners of the opposite sex/gender, so little is known about if and how the needs of sexual and gender minority adolescents are met. METHODS: In this article, we have analysed data from fifty in-depth qualitative interviews with representatives of organisations working with adolescents, sexual and gender minorities, and/or sexual and reproductive health and rights in Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. RESULTS: Sexual and gender minority adolescents in these countries experience double-marginalisation in pursuit of sexual and reproductive health services: as adolescents, they experience barriers to accessing LGBT organisations, who fear being painted as "homosexuality recruiters," whilst they are simultaneously excluded from heteronormative adolescent sexual and reproductive health services. Such barriers to services are equally attributable to the real and perceived criminalisation of consensual sexual behaviours between partners of the same sex/gender, regardless of their age. DISCUSSION/ CONCLUSION: The combination of laws which criminalise consensual same sex/gender activity and the social stigma towards sexual and gender minorities work to negate legal sexual and reproductive health services that may be provided. This is further compounded by age-related stigma regarding sexual activity amongst adolescents, effectively leaving sexual and gender minority adolescents without access to necessary information about their sexuality and sexual and reproductive health, and sexual and reproductive health services.

Ateneo General de la Residencia de Psicopedagogía: ¿Quién ser y qué hacer en el Siglo XXI? Adolescentes en el espacio de Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional / General athenaeum of the Psychopedagogy Residence: Who to be and what to do in the 21st century? Adolescents in the occupational vocational guidance space

Ateneo del equipo de residentes de Psicopedagogía del Hospital D. Vélez Sarsfield de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Ante la disminución en las demandas de adolescentes por un proceso de Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional, surgieron interrogantes como eje de este trabajo: ¿Por qué son cada vez menos los adolescentes que se acercan al Área Programática del hospital en busca de un proceso de Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional? ¿Cuánta influencia tiene el contexto, los pares y la familia a la hora de elegir una vocación / ocupación? ¿Cuál es el rol de la escuela? ¿Guarda todo esto alguna relación con los tiempos actuales? ¿De qué manera? Incluye bibliografía y los anexos: Compendio de técnicas para Orientación Vocacional, y Encuestas realizadas a jóvenes que se encuentran finalizado o ya han finalizado la escuela secundaria.

Meeting the mental health needs of children and youth through integrated care: A systems and policy perspective.

The health home program established under the Affordable Care Act (2010) is derived from the medical home concept originated by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1968 to provide a care delivery model for children with special health care needs. As applied to behavioral health, health homes or medical homes have become increasingly adult-focused models, with a primary goal of coordinating physical and behavioral health care. For children and youth with serious emotional disorders, health homes must go beyond physical and behavioral health care to connect with other child-focused sectors, such as education, child welfare, and juvenile justice. Each of these systems have a significant role in helping children meet health and developmental goals, and should be included in integrated approaches to care for children and youth. Health homes for young people should incorporate a continuum of care from health promotion to the prevention and treatment of disorders. The challenge for child- and youth-focused health homes is to integrate effective services and supports into the settings where young people naturally exist, drawing on the best evidence from mental health, physical medicine, and other fields. What may be needed is not a health home as currently conceptualized for adults, nor a traditional medical home, but a family- and child-centered coordinated care and support delivery system supported by health homes or other arrangements. This article sets out a health home framework for children and youth with serious mental health conditions and their families, examining infrastructure and service delivery issues.

Availability of Youth Services in U.S. Mental Health Treatment Facilities.

Despite concern about access to mental health (MH) services for youth, little is known about the specialty treatment infrastructure serving this population. We used national data to examine which types of MH treatment facilities (hospital- and community-based) were most likely to offer youth services and which types of communities were most likely to have this infrastructure. Larger (p < 0.001) and privately owned (p < 0.001) facilities were more likely to offer youth services. Rural counties, counties in which a majority of residents were nonwhite, and/or counties with a higher percentage of uninsured residents were less likely to have a community-based MH treatment facility that served youth (p < 0.001).

Effective strategies to provide adolescent sexual and reproductive health services and to increase demand and community support.

Access to youth friendly health services is vital for ensuring sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and well-being of adolescents. This study is a descriptive review of the effectiveness of initiatives to improve adolescent access to and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in low- and middle-income countries. We examined four SRHS intervention types: (1) facility based, (2) out-of-facility based, (3) interventions to reach marginalized or vulnerable populations, (4) interventions to generate demand and/or community acceptance. Outcomes assessed across the four questions included uptake of SRHS or sexual and reproductive health commodities and sexual and reproductive health biologic outcomes. There is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of initiatives that simply provide adolescent friendliness training for health workers. Data are most ample (10 initiatives demonstrating weak but positive effects and one randomized controlled trial demonstrating strong positive results on some outcome measures) for approaches that use a combination of health worker training, adolescent-friendly facility improvements, and broad information dissemination via the community, schools, and mass media. We found a paucity of evidence on out-of-facility-based strategies, except for those delivered through mixed-use youth centers that demonstrated that SRHS in these centers are neither well used nor effective at improving SRH outcomes. There was an absence of studies or evaluations examining outcomes among vulnerable or marginalized adolescents. Findings from 17 of 21 initiatives assessing demand-generation activities demonstrated at least some association with adolescent SRHS use. Of 15 studies on parental and other community gatekeepers' approval of SRHS for adolescents, which assessed SRHS/commodity uptake and/or biologic outcomes, 11 showed positive results. Packages of interventions that train health workers, improve facility adolescent friendliness, and endeavor to generate demand through multiple channels are ready for large-scale implementation. However, further evaluation of these initiatives is needed to clarify mechanisms and impact, especially of specific program components. Quality research is needed to determine effective means to deliver services outside the facilities, to reach marginalized or vulnerable adolescents, and to determine effective approaches to increase community acceptance of adolescent SRHS.

Conductas problema en adolescentes en la ciudad de Monterrey, México / Problem behaviors in adolescents in the city of Monterrey, Mexico

En este trabajo se comparan las encuestas de población objetivo de información aplicadas en México en relación a las conductas problema de los adolescentes (alcohol, tabaco, drogas, sexo desprotegido, accidentes y hábitos alimenticios), comparándolas con el Cuestionario de Conductas Problema mismo que mide la presencia o ausencia de las conductas problema, así como la aparición de dichas conductas en los ambientes en los que se desenvuelve el adolescente (familia, amigos, vecindario y escuela). Se utilizó un diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y se evalúan las conductas problema de 551 adolescentes de primer semestre (M= 14.8 años, DT= 2.35) de nivel medio superior de una institución pública de la Ciudad de Monterrey, N.L. México. Los resultados muestran que es necesario analizar los fenómenos desde una encuesta descriptiva más amplia que involucre los ambientes en los que se lleva a cabo el fenómeno medido con el fin de entender las necesidades de cada población, así como realizar programas psicoeducativos dirigidos a las necesidades detectadas (AU)

In this paper, we compare the surveys that we applied to the Mexico population in relation to problem behaviors in adolescents (alcohol, snuff or tobacco, drugs, unprotected sex, accidents and eating habits), as compared to the Problem Behaviors Questionnaire which measures the presence or absence of problem behaviors and the occurrence of these behaviors in the environments in which it operates teenager (family, friends, neighborhood and school). We used a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and evaluated the problem behaviors of 551 adolescents in first semester (M = 14.8 years, SD = 2.35) high school level of a public institution of the City of Monterrey, NL Mexico. The results show that it is necessary to analyze the phenomena from a larger descriptive survey involving the environments in which they carried out the phenomenon measured in order to understand the needs of each population as well as perform psychoeducational programs aimed at the needs identified (AU)

Barreras y facilitadores para el control prenatal en adolescentes: resultados de un estudio cualitativo en Chile / Barriers and facilitators to antenatal care in adolescents: results of a qualitative study in Chile

Objetivo. Analizar barreras y facilitadores de acceso a control prenatal en adolescentes urbanas de 15-19 años en Santiago, Chile. Material y métodos. Estudio cualitativo con 17 madres adolescentes basado en la teoría fundamentada. Se realizaron 11 entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo focal. Resultados. La negación y ocultamiento del embarazo es la principal barrera para ingresar a control en el grupo de acceso tardío; no se identificaron facilitadores. Para mantenerse en control, todas las participantes identifican como facilitador contar con una figura de apoyo. La vulnerabilidad familiar y social explica que algunas adolescentes ingresen a control tardíamente. Conclusión. La presencia de facilitadores es determinante para el ingreso oportuno y mantenerse en control, ya que reduce o anula el efecto de las barreras. El sistema de salud debe constituirse en un facilitador que acompañe desde muy temprano a las adolescentes favoreciendo un vínculo de confianza y respeto.

Objective. Analyze barriers and facilitators of access to prenatal care in pregnant urban adolescents between 15-19 years of age in Santiago, Chile. Materials and methods. Qualitative study based on grounded theory with 17 adolescent mothers. Eleven semi-structured interviews and one focus group were conducted. Results. The denial and concealment of pregnancy is the main barrier to start the prenatal care in the "delayed access group". This group does not identify facilitators. For maintenance in antenatal care, all participants identified a support figure as a facilitator. Family and social vulnerabilities explain why some adolescents start the prenatal care late. Conclusion. The presence of facilitators is crucial for both, the timely entry and the maintenance in antenatal care because they reduce or nullify the effect of barriers. The health system must become a facilitator to accompany adolescents and promote a bond of trust and respect.