Systemic Complications of COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) creates severe respiratory distress and often a cascade of other systemic complications impacting several organ systems. The immune response includes a cytokine storm that creates many life-threatening problems including coagulopathies, arrhythmias, and secondary infections. This article discusses the multisystem responses to the physical insults created by this corona virus.

Clinical features and management of COVID-19: A systematic review.

Novel coronavirus disease, the latest world pandemic is one of the most contagious viral infections to date. There has been a lack of uniformity on recognizing this condition clinically because of poorly understood pathophysiology and clinical nature. Also due to ongoing clinical trials, its management is also varied. This is a systematic review from evidence-based studies until March 1st, 2020, covering an update on its clinical features and management. This study shows the multisystem involvement of COVID-19 with dominant respiratory features followed by the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal system and others. The clinical features varied from asymptomatic to severe forms. Major causes of fatality were acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, and arrhythmia. Major modalities of management included supportive, antiviral and antibiotic therapy. There was no direct relationship between the specific treatment and the outcome.

Botriomicosis muscular en el recto anterior del abdomen: hallazgos radiológicos / Muscular botryomycosis in the rectus abdominis muscle: imaging findings

La botriomicosis es una rara infección bacteriana granulomatosa crónica y supurativa de la piel y las vísceras. Se clasifica en 2 grupos: la forma cutánea, que puede producir afectación ósea y muscular por contigüidad, como parece probable en este caso, y la forma visceral.Se presenta un caso de botriomicosis muscular en el recto anterior del abdomen en un paciente con antecedente de intervención quirúrgica sobre la pared abdominal. Se interpretó como una tumoración neoplásica de partes blandas y el paciente fue sometido a resección quirúrgica con resultado de botriomicosis muscular. Se describen la presentación clínica y las características radiológicas (AU)

Botryomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative granulomatous bacterial infection of the skin and viscera. It is classified into 2 groups: the visceral type and the cutaneous type, which can lead to involvement of contiguous muscle and bone, as appears probable in this case.We present a rare case of muscular botryomycosis in the rectus abdominis muscle in a patient with a history of abdominal wall surgery. Botryomycosis was initially mistaken for a soft-tissue tumor; after surgical resection it was diagnosed as muscular botryomycosis. We describe the clinical presentation and the imaging characteristics of this rare entity (AU)

The risk of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV infection among musculoskeletal tissue donors in Australia.

In Australia, there are no current national estimates of the risks of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human T-lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) by musculoskeletal tissue transplantation. We determined the prevalence rates of antibodies against HIV (anti-HIV), HCV (anti-HCV) and HTLV (anti-HTLV) and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for 12,415 musculoskeletal tissue donors from three major bone tissue banks across Australia for the period 1993-2004. The prevalence (per 100,000 persons) was 64.44 for anti-HIV, 407.13 for HBsAg, 534.63 for anti-HCV and 121.88 for anti-HTLV. The estimated probability of viremia at the time of donation was 1 in 128,000, 1 in 189,000, 1 in 55,000 and 1 in 118,000, respectively. With the addition of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), the probability of donor viremia would be reduced to 1 in 315,000 for HIV, 1 in 385,000 for HBV and 1 in 500,000 for HCV. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV although low, are higher among musculoskeletal tissue donors than among first-time blood donors. The risks associated with musculoskeletal donation will be reduced with NAT, though further cost analysis is required prior to its implementation.

No influence of collagenous proteins of Achilles tendon, skin and cartilage on the virus-inactivating efficacy of peracetic acid-ethanol.

The risk of transmitting human pathogenic viruses via allogeneic musculoskeletal tissue transplants is a problem requiring effective inactivation procedures. Virus safety of bone transplants was achieved using peracetic acid (PAA)-ethanol sterilisation. Proteins are known to have an adverse effect on the virus-inactivating capacity of PAA. Therefore we investigated virus inactivation by PAA in collagenous tissues. Achilles tendon, skin and cartilage were cut into small pieces, lyophilised and contaminated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) or porcine parvovirus (PPV). The inactivating capacity of PAA-ethanol was investigated by determining virus titres in the supernatant or the tissue pellet at different time-points. In all virus-contaminated tissue samples treatment for 10 min with PAA-ethanol resulted in titre reductions by a factor of >10(3). PRV was rapidly inactivated below the detection limit (< or =2.8 x 10(1) TCID(50)/ml). After 240 min a reduction by a factor of >10(4) was obtained for PPV in all samples, but a residual infectivity remained. Collagenous proteins of Achilles tendon, skin and cartilage had no adverse effect on the virus-inactivating capacity of PAA. PAA-ethanol used in the production process at the Charité tissue bank can therefore be recommended for treatment of non-osseous musculoskeletal tissues.