RESUMO
This article reviews the history of the barium swallow from its early role in radiology to its current status as an important diagnostic test in modern radiology practice. Though a variety of diagnostic procedures can be performed to evaluate patients with dysphagia or other pharyngeal or esophageal symptoms, the barium study has evolved into a readily available, non-invasive, and cost-effective technique that can facilitate the selection of additional diagnostic tests and guide decisions about medical, endoscopic, or surgical management. This article focuses on the evolution of fluoroscopic equipment, radiography, and contrast media for evaluating the pharynx and esophagus, the importance of understanding pharyngoesophageal relationships, and major advances that have occurred in the radiologic diagnosis of select esophageal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, infectious esophagitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, esophageal carcinoma, and esophageal motility disorders.
Assuntos
Sulfato de Bário/história , Meios de Contraste/história , Esôfago/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluoroscopia/história , Faringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia/história , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluoroscopia/métodos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Radiografia/métodosRESUMO
Barium sulfate, BaSO4, is shown by Raman microscopy to be readily identifiable in early (1920s) industrially produced anatase (TiO2) and thus, if present, may act as a date marker for early industrial anatase. Later processes (except that for producing Titanox B) did not involve usage of barium sulfate. The matter is relevant to the possible dating of certain artwork.
