Equine endometrial biopsy: enhancement of clinical value by more extensive histopathology and application of new diagnostic techniques?

During the 1960s and 1970s, the clinical value of equine endometrial histopathology was firmly established after it was shown that fertility outcome was correlated with the presence and severity of specific microscopic lesions. The objective of this paper is to summarize reports from the veterinary literature published after the mid 1980s that describe new diagnostic methods of assessing equine uterine health using material collected by endometrial biopsy.

[Prenatal medicine: from the obstetric stethoscope to the computerized telecardiotocography]. / La medicina dell'età prenatale: dallo stetoscopio ostetrico alla telecardiotocografia computerizzata.

The aim of this article is to illustrate the history of fetal auscultation from the 19(th) century, when the fetus was considered as an object and the obstetrician as a ''mechanic of the birth'', to the present age, when the fetus is a subject and the obstetricians have at their disposal all the means they need to confirm his well-being and to early diagnose his pathologies, even using prenatal telemedicine.