Heat and cold stress increases the risk of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a common arrhythmia in adults. Its occurrence depends on the presence of the reentry circuit and the trigger of the paroxysm. Stress, emotional factors, and comorbidities favour the occurrence of such an episode. We hypothesized that the occurrence of PSVT follows extreme thermal episodes. The retrospective analysis was based on the data collected from three hospital emergency departments in Poland (Olsztyn, Radom, and Wroclaw) involving 816 admissions for PSVT in the period of 2016-2021. To test the hypothesis, we applied the Universal Climate Thermal Index (UTCI) to objectively determine exposure to cold or heat stress. The risk (RR) for PSVT increased to 1.37 (p = 0.006) in cold stress and 1.24 (p = 0.05) in heat stress when compared to thermoneutral conditions. The likelihood of PSVT during cold/heat stress is higher in women (RR = 1.59, p< 0.001 and RR = 1.36, p = 0.024, respectively) than in men (RR = 0.64 at p = 0.088 and RR = 0.78, p = 0.083, respectively). The susceptibility for PSVT was even higher in all groups of women after exclusion of perimenopausal group of women, in thermal stress (RR = 1.74, p< 0.001, RR = 1.56, p = 0.029, respectively). Females, particularly at the perimenopausal stage and men irrespective of age were less likely to develop PSVT under thermal stress as compared to thermoneutral conditions. Progress in climate change requires searching for universal methods and tools to monitor relationships between humans and climate. Our paper confirms that the UTCI is the universal tool describing the impact of thermal stress on the human body and its high usefulness in medical researches.

Improvement in Protein-Losing Enteropathy in a Patient With Fontan Circulation After Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prescriptive Exercise.

Fontan-associated protein-losing enteropathy is difficult to treat and associated with poor prognosis. Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise are thought to have beneficial effects for patients with Fontan circulation. We report the case of a young adult patient palliated to Fontan circulation, with a decade-long history of symptoms related to protein-losing enteropathy. At age 23 years, he appreciated an improvement in symptoms and laboratory values after cardiac rehabilitation and prescriptive exercise.

Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia as a rare complication of interventional closure of ventricular spetal defect and its treatment by radiofrequency catheter ablation: A case report (CARE-compliant).

INTRODUCTION: Trans-catheter closure of peri-membranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) using Amplatzer-Type devices, has been widely reported in the past decade. We hereby report a rare complication of frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (PVT) sustained 48 days after the closure of VSD.More importantly, the arrhythmias were successfully treated with radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) after medical therapy failed to restore and maintain sinus rhythm. PATIENT CONCERNS: We reported an 8-year-old boy with frequent PVCs and PVT sustained 48 days after the closure of VSD. The boy has no palpitation, chest distress and other uncomfortable symptoms. DIAGNOSIS: This patient was diagnosed as frequent PVCs and PVT by Holter monitoring for 24 hours. INTERVENTIONS: RFCA was administered. OUTCOMES: The patient was discharged 48 hours with no complication and remained asymptomatic 12 months after the ablation. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation helps treat PVCs and PVT in children and has a higher efficacy in restoring and maintaining sinus rhythm.

Hiperactividad paroxística simpática secundaria a una encefalitis herpética / Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after herpetic encephalitis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hiperactividad simpática paroxística (HSP) es un síndrome caracterizado por episodios repetidos de aumento de actividad simpática (taquicardia, taquipnea, hipertensión arterial, fiebre, sudoración) y actividad motora (distonía, hiperextensión) en pacientes con un daño cerebral adquirido. CASO CLÍNICO: Presentamos el caso de un lactante con HSP secundaria a una encefalitis aguda por el virus del herpes simple tipo 1. CONCLUSIÓN: La HSP es una entidad infradiagnosticada, cuyo tratamiento, basado en la combinación de fármacos, debe ser precoz para evitar comorbilidades y mejorar su pronóstico

INTRODUCTION: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH), previously known as dysautonomia or sympathetic storming, is a syndrome characterized by repeated episodes of increases in sympathetic activity (tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypertension, fever and sweating) and motor activity (dystonia, hyperextension) in patients with an acquired brain injury. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a toddler with PSH after acute encephalitis by herpes simplex virus 1. CONCLUSIONS: The PSH is an underdiagnosed entity whose treatment, based on the combination of different drugs, must be premature to avoid comorbidities and to improve its prognosis

Effect of dual-chamber minimal ventricular pacing on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation incidence in myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, crossover study.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common finding in the myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) population. Pacemakers (PMs) may facilitate the diagnosis and management of frequent subclinical asymptomatic AF episodes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of minimal ventricular pacing on paroxysmal AF incidence in DM1 patients during a 24-month follow-up period. METHODS: We enrolled 70 DM1 patients (age 43.4 ± 13.8 years; 39 women) who underwent dual-chamber PM implantation. Patients were randomized to minimizing ventricular pacing features (ON) or not (OFF). Patients crossed over to the opposite pacing programming 12 months later. We counted the number of DM1 patients with at least 1 episode of AF, the AF total duration, and the burden recorded by PM diagnostics during the MVP ON and OFF phases. RESULTS: Twenty-five DM1 patients (41.7%) showed at least 1 AF episode. Seven patients (11.7%) demonstrated AF episodes during MVP ON phase and 25 patients (41.7%) during MVP OFF phase (P <.001). Thirty-five patients had no AF during MVP ON or OFF phase, 3 patients had AF episodes only during MVP ON phase, 21 patients had AF episodes only during MVP OFF phase, and 4 patients had AF episodes during MVP ON and OFF phases. Activation of the MVP algorithm was associated with a 44% reduction in relative risk of developing AF. Furthermore, during the MVP ON phases, the study population showed a shorter total AF duration and a lower AF burden. CONCLUSION: MVP is an efficacy strategy for reducing the risk of AF in DM1 patients who have undergone PM implantation.

Evaluation of P wave Dispersion and Tissue Doppler Imaging for Predicting Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: There are no previous studies dealing with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension using electrocardiogram and tissue doppler imaging (TDI). The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the predictive indicators for paroxysmal AF in hypertensive patients using P wave dispersion (Pd) and TDI. METHODS: Patients with hypertension were enrolled. Patients with paroxysmal AF were classified as the PAF group, and patients without a history of paroxysmal AF were classified as the NAF group. The clinical data, P wave indicators and TDI indicators were collected and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were enrolled into the study with 40 cases in the PAF group and 80 cases in the NAF group. Compared with NAF group, Pd, maximum P wave duration (Pmax), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd) and left atrial dimension (LAD) were significantly longer (P < .05) in the PAF group. PAL, PAI, PAR, LR, LI and IR were significantly longer (P < .05) in the PAF group than in the NAF group. As for ROC analysis, Pd and PAL had the greatest area under the curve. The best diagnostic value of Pd and PAL was 40ms and 78ms, respectively. The combination of Pd ≥40ms with Pmax ≥ 110ms showed higher specificity and positive predictive value but decreased sensitivity and negative predictive value for paroxysmal AF. CONCLUSIONS: The PAF group had significantly longer atrial electromechanical time and higher Pd compared with NAF group. The combination of Pd and TDI may be helpful to predict the onset of paroxysmal AF in patients with hypertension.

A Case of Multiple Cardiovascular and Tracheal Anomalies Presented with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome in a Middle-aged Adult.

Congenital cardiovascular anomalies, such as dextrocardia, persistent left superior vena cava (SVC), and pulmonary artery (PA) sling, are rare disorders. These congenital anomalies can occur alone, or coincide with other congenital malformations. In the majority of cases, congenital anomalies are detected early in life by certain signs and symptoms. A 56-year-old man with no previous medical history was admitted due to recurrent wide QRS complex tachycardia with hemodynamic collapse. A chest radiograph showed dextrocardia. After synchronized cardioversion, an electrocardiogram revealed Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Persistent left SVC, PA sling, and right tracheal bronchus were also detected by a chest computed tomography (CT) scan. He was diagnosed with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) associated with WPW syndrome, and underwent radiofrequency ablation. We reported the first case of situs solitus dextrocardia coexisting with persistent left SVC, PA sling and right tracheal bronchus presented with WPW and PSVT in a middle-aged adult. In patients with a cardiovascular anomaly, clinicians should consider thorough evaluation of possibly combined cardiovascular and airway malformations and cardiac dysrhythmia.

Supraventricular tachycardia after withdrawal of prolonged dexmedetomidine infusion in a paediatric patient without heart disease.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to be safe in paediatric patients. CASE DESCRIPTION: We present the case of a girl without heart disease admitted at our PICU due to an influenza A acute respiratory distress syndrome, who suffered a paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) twelve hours after DEX progressive withdrawal was completed. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: This is the first report of PSVT as an adverse reaction to DEX in a paediatric patient without heart disease.

Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy complicated by paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

: We report a case of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia complicating Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy. We hypothesize that increased adrenergic tone supposedly underlying transient apical ballooning syndrome may facilitate the onset of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias in predisposed patients.

Predictors of new onset atrial fibrillation during 10-year follow-up after first-ever ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) may be underdiagnosed in ischemic stroke patients but may be pivotal for initiation of oral anticoagulation therapy. We assessed clinical and ECG predictors of new-onset AF during 10-year follow-up (FU) in ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: The study sample comprised of 227 first-ever ischemic stroke patients without AF (median age 73, interquartile range 25%-75% 63-80years, 92 female) and 1:1 age- and gender-matched controls without stroke and AF enrolled in the Lund Stroke Register from March 2001 to February 2002. New-onset AF during FU was assessed by screening through regional ECG database and by record linkage with Swedish National Patient Register. The standard 12-lead sinus rhythm ECGs at stroke admission were retrieved from electronic database and digitally processed. Clinical baseline characteristics were studied using medical records. RESULTS: During FU, AF was found in 39 stroke patients and 30 controls, p=0.296. In stroke patients in multivariate Cox regression analysis AF was associated with hypertension (HR 3.45 CI 95% 1.40-3.49, p=0.007) and QRS duration (HR 1.02 CI 95% 1.00-1.03, p=0.049). High cardiovascular risk was predictive for AF development: for CHADS2≥4 HR 2.46 CI 95% 1.45-4.18, p=0.001 and for CHA2DS2-VASc≥5 HR 2.29 CI 95% 1.43-3.68, p=0.001. New onset AF was not associated with baseline ischemic stroke: HR 1.46 95% CI 0.90-2.35, p=0.121. CONCLUSION: High CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores, but not baseline ischemic stroke, predict new onset AF in FU. QRS duration might be considered a potential risk marker for prediction of AF after ischemic stroke.

[Cardioversion for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during lung surgery in a patient with concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].

We report a case of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) that occurred during video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy in a patient with concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. A 59-year-old man with lung cancer was scheduled for VATS lobectomy under general anesthesia. After inserting a thoracic epidural catheter, general anesthesia was induced with intravenous administration of propofol. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of desfurane in an air/oxygen mixture and intravenous infusion of remifentanil. Recurrent PSVT occurred three times, and the last episode of PSVT continued for 50 minutes regardless of administration of antiarrhythmic drugs. Synchronized electric shock via adhesive electrode pads on the patient's chest successfully converted PSVT back to normal sinus rhythm. The remaining course and postoperative period were uneventful. An electrophysiological study performed after hospital discharge detected concealed WPW syndrome, which had contributed to the development of atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. Concealed WPW syndrome is a rare, but critical complication that could possibly cause lethal atrial tachyarrhythmias during the perioperative period. In the present case, cardioversion using adhesive electrode pads briefly terminated PSVT in a patient with concealed WPW syndrome.