Inappropriate sinus tachycardia may be related to an immunologic disorder involving cardiac beta andrenergic receptors.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying inappropriate sinus tachycardia are not fully known. An autonomic imbalance seems to play a role, but no attempts have been made to investigate a relationship between this arrhythmia and the antiautonomic membrane receptor antibodies found in other heart disorders and arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and the functional and biochemical effects of circulating antiautonomic receptor antibodies in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia. METHODS: We studied 21 patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia and 15 healthy volunteers. The chronotropic effects of the IgG fractions (also of affinity-purified anti-beta1 adrenergic receptor antibodies in selected cases) were assessed on cultured cardiomyocytes before and after exposure to atropine and propranolol. The effects of the IgG fractions from five patients and five healthy volunteers on cAMP production were evaluated in COS-7 cells transfected with genes encoding for beta1 or beta2 adrenergic receptor. RESULTS: The IgG fractions from patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia exerted a positive chronotropic action with a high prevalence of anti-beta receptor antibodies (52%) and induced a clear-cut and long lasting increment of cAMP. No anti-M2 cholinergic receptor antibodies were found. The IgG fractions from healthy volunteers did not contain antiautonomic receptor antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest, for the first time, a link between inappropriate sinus tachycardia and circulating anti-beta adrenergic receptor antibodies that induce a persistent increment in cAMP production. This finding offers new insight into the physiopathology of inappropriate sinus tachycardia with potential therapeutic consequences.

Los anticuerpos antirreceptores ß-adrenérgicos en el síndrome de taquicardia sinusal inapropiada, ¿un nuevo factor en su fisiopatogénesis? / Anti ß-adrenergic receptor antibodies in inappropiate sinus tachycardia syndrome, a novel physiopatogenic factor?

INTRODUCCION: El síndrome de taquicardia inapropiada (STSI) se ha atribuído a un aumento de la frecuencia intrínseca del nódulo sinusal, asociado con hipersensibilidad -adrenérgica y atenuación de la respuesta a la estimulación vagal. No se ha explorado la posibilidad de que en su patogenia intervenga una alteración inmunorregulatoria que involucre a los receptores -adrenérgicos. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la presencia de anticuerpos antirreceptores -adrenérgicos (Ac anti-) y antirreceptores M2-colinérgicos (Ac anti-M2) en pacientes con STSI. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se incluyeron 10 mujeres de 21 a 64 años portadoras del síndrome y 10 voluntarias sanas. La presencia de Ac anti- y Ac anti-M2 se determinó por el efecto cronotrópico de la IgG sobre cultivos de miocardiocitos de ratas neonatas en condiciones basales y luego de adicionar los bloqueantes atropina (10-7 mol/L) y propanolol (10-7 mol/L). RESULTADOS: La IgG de las voluntarias sanas no presentó anticuerpos antirreceptores autonómicos. En cambio, 8 de las 10 pacientes con STSI presentaron Ac anti- (80 por ciento, p= 0,0004), pero en ninguna de ellas se detectaron Ac anti-M2. CONCLUSION: Un porcentaje elevado de las pacientes con STSI presentan anticuerpos que reconocen y estimulan los receptores ß-adrenérgicos. Esta observación inédita sugiere la posibilidad de que en la patogenia de este síndrome participe una anormalidad inmunorregulatoria que involucra a esos receptores. (AU)