Psychological, social environmental, and physical environmental variables in explaining physical activity in Korean older adults / Variables psicológicas, socioambientales y físico ambientales en la explicación de la actividad física en adultos mayores coreanos / Variáveis ambientais psicológicas, sociais e embientais físicas na explicaçao da atividade física em adultos mais coreanos

The current study investigated the direct and indirect paths of psychological, social environmental, and physical environmental variables in explaining physical activity among Korean older adults. A total of 401 adults aged 65 years old or older (Mage = 75.17 years, SD = ±7.24) were recruited from the Nowon district of northern Seoul. Standardized scales were used to measure physical activity and its related social ecological variables. The results indicated that physical activity was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, family support, friend support, availability of facilities, and quality of facilities. All of psychological, social environmental, and physical environmental variables had a significant direct path to explain physical activity. In addition, self-efficacy and perceived benefits significantly mediated the relationship between family support and physical activity, and while the relationship between availability of facilities and physical activity was substantially mediated by perceived barriers. The current study implies that application of the social ecological model is warranted to provide a more concrete association of the contextual factors to explain physical activity and to design a more effective intervention for promoting physical activity among older adults (AU)

El presente estudio investigó los efectos directos e indirectos de las variables psicológicas, socioambientales y físicoambientales para explicar la actividad física entre los adultos mayores de Corea. Un total de 401 adultos de 65 años de edad o más (Medad = 75,17 años, DT = ± 7,24) fueron reclutados del distrito de Nowon, en el norte de Seúl. Se utilizaron escalas estandarizadas para medir la actividad física y sus variables sociales y ecológicas. Los resultados indicaron que la actividad física estaba significativamente correlacionada con la autoeficacia, los beneficios percibidos, las barreras percibidas, el apoyo familiar, el apoyo a los amigos, la disponibilidad de instalaciones y la calidad de las instalaciones. Todas las variables ambientales psicológicas, sociales, ambientales y físicas tenían un efecto directo significativo para explicar la actividad física. Además, la autoeficacia y los beneficios percibidos mediaron de forma significativa la relación entre el apoyo familiar y la actividad física, y mientras que la relación entre la disponibilidad de instalaciones y la actividad física estaba sustancialmente mediada por las barreras percibidas. El presente estudio implica que la aplicación del modelo socio-ecológico se justifica para proporcionar una asociación más concreta de los factores contextuales para explicar la actividad física y diseñar una intervención más eficaz para promover la actividad física entre los adultos (AU)

O mayores presente estudo investigou os caminhos diretos e indiretos das variáveis ambientais psicológicas, sociais, ambientais e físicas na explicação da atividade física entre idosos coreanos. Um total de 401 adultos com 65 anos de idade ou mais (Mage = 75,17 anos, DP = ± 7,24) foram recrutados no distrito de Nowon, no norte de Seul. Escalas padronizadas foram utilizadas para medir a atividade física e suas variáveis sociais e ecológicas. Os resultados indicaram que a atividade física estava significativamente correlacionada com auto-eficácia, benefícios percebidos, barreiras percebidas, apoio familiar, apoio amigo, disponibilidade de instalações e qualidade das instalações. Todas as variáveis ambientais psicológicas, sociais, ambientais e físicas tiveram um caminho direto significativo para explicar a atividade física. Além disso, a auto-eficácia e os benefícios percebidos mediaram significativamente a relação entre apoio familiar e atividade física, e enquanto a relação entre a disponibilidade de instalações ea atividade física era substancialmente mediada por barreiras percebidas. O presente estudo implica que a aplicação do modelo sócio-ecológico é justificada para proporcionar uma associação mais concreta dos fatores contextuais para explicar a atividade física e para projetar uma intervenção mais efetiva para promover a atividade física entre os adultos mais velhos (AU)

Perfil del sujeto con daño cerebral adquirido en fase crónica en un recurso de atención sociosanitaria / Clinical profile in subjects with acquired brain injury in chronic phase in a social and health care center

Introducción. En nuestro país existen escasos recursos dirigidos a la atención del sujeto con daño cerebral adquirido (DCA) en fase posthospitalaria. En este nivel de atención, el Centro de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal de Bergondo se plantea como un recurso sociosanitario para facilitar la integración del sujeto con DCA en su entorno. Objetivos. Describir el perfil clínico de los sujetos integrados en nuestra unidad y valorar los objetivos de recuperación clínica y funcional en fases crónicas del DCA. Pacientes y métodos. Muestra de 105 sujetos admitidos en nuestro centro hasta diciembre de 2010, 86 hombres y 19 mujeres, con una edad media de 32,16 años y un tiempo de evolución más frecuente de menos de cinco años (64,76%). Se recogieron las variables sexo, edad, etiología, tiempo de evolución, diagnóstico de cambio de personalidad, medida de independencia funcional a la admisión, participación previa en programas de rehabilitación y existencia de objetivos de recuperación. Resultados. La principal etiología encontrada fue el traumatismo craneoencefálico (62,5%). El 54,28% recibía rehabilitación física a la admisión, mientras que el 49,52% había participado en intervenciones de neuropsicología. Se identificó a un 42,85% de sujetos con objetivos de recuperación física y a un 78,09% con objetivos en el campo de la neuropsicología. Conclusión. El perfil observado es el de un varón joven con secuelas derivadas de un traumatismo craneoencefálico de menos de cinco años de evolución, que ha recibido una escasa atención en el ámbito de la neuropsicología y que continúa recibiendo tratamientos de fisioterapia (AU)

Introduction. There are few resources for acquired brain injury (ABI) in post-hospitalary phase in our country. At this level of carefulness, Personal Autonomy Promotion Center in Bergondo contemplates like a social and health care resource in order to facilitate community integration in subjects with ABI. Aims. To describe clinical profile in the subjects admitted in our unit, and to assess intervention possibilities with clinicofunctional recovery goals in the chronic phases in ABI. Patients and methods. Sample of 105 subjects admitted in our center until December 2010. 86 men and 19 women, with a mean age of 32.16 years old and a most frequent evolution time of less than 5 years (64.76%). Variables collected were: sex, age, etiology, evolution time, personality changes diagnosis, admission FIM, previous participation in rehabilitation programmes and have recovery goals. Results. The main etiology was traumatic brain injury (62.5%). The 54.28% of the subjects was taking physical rehabilitation at the moment of admission, while the 49.52% had participated in neuropsychological interventions. Physical recovery goals were identified in the 42.85% of the subjects and the 78.09% had goals in neuropsychology field. Conclusion. The clinical profile observed was young man with sequelae caused by a traumatic brain injury suffered in last five years, who has received poor neuropsychological care and that still takes physiotherapy treatment (AU)

El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la violencia de género: investigación en una Ong. en Maschwitz partido de Escobar Pcia. Bs. As / The use of psychoactive substances in domestic violence: a research Ong. Maschwitz match in Buenos Aires Escobar Pcia

En el presente trabajo se investigo el consumo de psicofármacos, sustancias psicoactivas ilícitas y abuso de alcohol entre los consultantes y familiares que fueron asistidos en la ONG, institución dedicada a brindar contención, tratamiento psicoterapéutico y orientación jurídica cuando existe violencia de género. Para ello se revisaron los registros de 72 consultantes que ingresaron durante los años 2009/2010, haciendo hincapié en la composición del grupo familiar y sus características socio ambientales, existencia de enfermedad psiquiátrica concomitante e incidencia de alcoholismo y otras drogodependencias.

ABSTRACT: In this paper we investigate the use of psychotropic drugs, illicit psychoactive substances and alcohol abuse among the consultants and family who were assisted in the ONG, institution dedicated to provide counseling, psychotherapy and legal counsel when there is gender violence. To do this we reviewed the records of 72 consultants who were admitted during 2009/2010, making emphasis on household composition and socio-environmental characteristics, existence of concomitant psychiatric disease and incidence of alcoholism and other addictions.

El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la violencia de género: investigación en una Ong. en Maschwitz partido de Escobar Pcia. Bs. As / The use of psychoactive substances in domestic violence: a research Ong. Maschwitz match in Buenos Aires Escobar Pcia

En el presente trabajo se investigo el consumo de psicofármacos, sustancias psicoactivas ilícitas y abuso de alcohol entre los consultantes y familiares que fueron asistidos en la ONG, institución dedicada a brindar contención, tratamiento psicoterapéutico y orientación jurídica cuando existe violencia de género. Para ello se revisaron los registros de 72 consultantes que ingresaron durante los años 2009/2010, haciendo hincapié en la composición del grupo familiar y sus características socio ambientales, existencia de enfermedad psiquiátrica concomitante e incidencia de alcoholismo y otras drogodependencias.(AU)

ABSTRACT: In this paper we investigate the use of psychotropic drugs, illicit psychoactive substances and alcohol abuse among the consultants and family who were assisted in the ONG, institution dedicated to provide counseling, psychotherapy and legal counsel when there is gender violence. To do this we reviewed the records of 72 consultants who were admitted during 2009/2010, making emphasis on household composition and socio-environmental characteristics, existence of concomitant psychiatric disease and incidence of alcoholism and other addictions.(AU)

[Does sociotherapy lose importance in scientific discourse?]. / Verliert die Soziotherapie im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs an Bedeutung?

BACKGROUND: Sociotherapy is an approved method in the treatment of mental disorders. The present study aimed at evaluating the role of sociotherapy in a scientific journal during the last 20 years. METHODS: A systematic analysis of all papers published in the "Psychiatrische Praxis" in the years 1985/1986, 1995/1996 and 2005/2006 was carried out. RESULTS: During the last two decades the proportion of papers with sociotherapeutic topics has decreased significantly. 20 years ago one out of four articles dealt with sociotherapy, currently only one out of ten. In addition, the spectrum of themes is diminished, only the topics work rehabilitation and relatives are represented in the latest issues of the journal. CONCLUSION: In contrast to its clinical value, sociotherapy has lost importance in psychiatric research. Multidisciplinary collaboration is required to enhance sociotherapy in mental health care research.

[Rehabilitation after total laryngectomy--vision and realization]. / Rehabilitacja chorych po laryngektomii--wizja a realizacja.

Universality, early initiation, complexity and continuity - should be the main attributes of rehabilitation in patients after laryngectomy. The authors discuss the problem of universality and accessibility of rehabilitation in Poland. A great role in realization of this attributes played since 20 years the Polish Society of Laryngectomees. Till now the governmental help and the participation of the National Health Fund for the patients after laryngectomy is very limited. The early rehabilitation should be started before the operation and a particular note must be taken to the patient's changed vital situation after the surgical treatment. The complexity of the rehabilitation must cover the whole spectrum of rehabilitation; it means voice and speech therapy, the improvement of respiratory system function, the problems of respiratory air conditioning and the psychological as well as social psychological aspects. The authors describe a model of such a complex rehabilitation that can be provided in health resorts. In the postoperative period the role of the laryngectomee clubs and associations is very important to assure the continuity of rehabilitation.

Prevention research in eating disorders: theory and new directions.

BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades, scores of articles and several books have been published calling for more attention to the prevention of eating disorders, but less than two dozen prevention intervention studies have been conducted to date. METHODS: This paper reports the results of a systematic review of 20 empirical intervention studies on eating disorders prevention, discussing the data accumulated on what has and has not been effective. Beyond a description of study design and findings, this paper devotes special attention to the theoretical orientations of the studies and their implied assumptions about preventive strategies. RESULTS: Though there has been a compelling interest in social, political and economic factors influencing the incidence of disordered eating, little of this interest has been carried over into the prevention end of eating disorders research. Most studies reported thus far have been designed to target and measure change principally on the individual level, to the exclusion of considering leverage points for intervention in the larger social environment. CONCLUSIONS: This paper concludes with a recommendation for new attention to a model of proactive primary prevention targeted at environmental change and cross-disciplinary collaboration to achieve a reduction in the incidence of eating disorders.

Continuous quality improvement: conceptual foundations and application to mental health care.

Continuous quality improvement (CQI), a philosophy and a set of techniques for managing the quality of services in health care, involves procedures for defining an organization's goals and work processes and applying quantitative measures of quality focused on patient outcome. To successfully adapt CQI to specific mental health care settings, staff must understand the attitude, approach, and processes that distinguish CQI and must address the challenges of defining quality within mental health care and coordinating the efforts of multidisciplinary treatment teams. After detailing the development of the conceptual underpinnings of CQI, the author uses an example of implementation of CQI on a unit for chronic mentally ill patients at a state psychiatric hospital to show how these challenges can be addressed by reconceptualizing and specifying the treatment mission.

Psychiatric nursing in a psychosocial setting.

The revolutionary upheaval in this nation's health care system may cause many psychiatric nurses in traditional settings to be concerned about their future role. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services (1990), there were 66,142 psychiatric registered nurses employed in inpatient hospital settings as of 1988. The advent of managed care, decrease in entitlements, and overburdening of the health care system has again led to less accessibility to inpatient psychiatric hospitalization, and briefer stays once hospitalized. As treatment once again moves into the community, nurses may wonder what types of new programs will follow, and if they will employ psychiatric nurses. One type of community based program uses the principles of psychosocial rehabilitation. The Village Integrated Services Agency is such an organization, allowing nurses to fully use their nursing skills, but without the focus on illness and the constraints on autonomy typically experienced in hospital settings.