RESUMO
La fluorosocopia es una técnica esencial para la realización de la mayoría de bloqueos en tratamiento del dolor pero, a pesar de utilizarse diariamente, un gran porcentaje de especialistas no ha recibido formación específica, según se describe en una encuesta realizada entre los encuestados de la especialidad (1). Con este artículo pretendemos exponer conceptos básicos de los tipos de radiación, sobre cómo se generan los rayos X y cómo podemos controlar la imagen que obtenemos en el monitor modificando diferentes parámetros como corriente o voltaje. También se describen los límites de dosis establecidos en la legislación española, cómo se puede monitorizar la radiación, las recomendaciones para reducir la exposición a rayos X y tratamos de insistir en la importancia de informar al paciente del uso de rayos X, lo cual raramente realizamos (AU)
The use of fluoroscopy is an essential tool for the practice of blocks and techniques in pain management. However and despite its frequent use, a large number of pain specialists have not received specific training, according to the study that we carried out among pain practitioners (1). In the present study we pretend to describe the basic principles of radiation, generation of X rays, and control of the monitor image using the, voltage or current. We also describe the dose limits established by Spanish law, how to monitor radiation, recommendations to reduce exposure to X rays and finally we insist on the importance to inform the patient about the use of X rays, since rarely it is done (AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fluoroscopia/instrumentação , Fluoroscopia/métodos , Fluoroscopia , /métodos , /normas , Manejo da Dor/instrumentação , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Radioterapia/métodos , Manejo da Dor/normas , Manejo da Dor , Terapia por Raios X/tendências , Radiação/classificação , Radiação Ionizante , Exposição à RadiaçãoRESUMO
X-ray therapy was used to treat pneumonia during the first half of the 20th century. Fifteen studies report that approximately 700 cases of bacterial (lobar and bronchopneumonia), sulfanilamide non-responsive, interstitial, and atypical pneumonia were effectively treated by low doses of X-rays, leading to disease resolution, based on clinical symptoms, objective disease biomarkers, and mortality incidence. The capacity of the X-ray treatment to reduce mortality was similar to serum therapy and sulfonamide treatment during the same time period. Studies with four experimental animal models (i.e., mice, guinea pig, cat, and dog) with bacterial and viral pneumonia supported the clinical findings. The mechanism by which the X-ray treatment acts upon pneumonia involves the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype that leads to a rapid reversal of clinical symptoms, facilitating disease resolution. The capacity of low doses of X-rays to suppress inflammatory responses is a significant new concept with widespread biomedical and therapeutic applications.
