RESUMO
Paradójicamente, la muerte es uno de los momentos más importantes en la vida de cualquier persona. Los testamentos, a pesar de la evolución sufrida a lo largo de la historia, siguen siendo el reflejo del intento de morir en paz, además de constituir una importante fuente documental. Como muestra se analiza un testamento del último tercio del siglo XIX, redactado en una situación de muerte inminente. El objetivo de este trabajo es invitar a la reflexión sobre el alcance personal que representa la muerte, independientemente del tiempo en que se produzca
Paradoxically, death is one of the most important moments in anyone's life. The testaments, despite the evolution suffered throughout history, continue to be the reflection of the attempt to die in peace, in addition to being an important documentary source. As a sample, a testament from the last third of the 19th century, written in a situation of imminent death, is analysed. The aim of this work is to invite reflection on the personal scope that represents death, regardless of the time in which it occurs
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , Morte , Testamentos Quanto à Vida/história , Direito a Morrer/história , Religião , Paleografia/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
La trascendencia social de los derechos de los pacientes ha comportado en España una prolija promulgación legislativa desde el año 2000, que culmina con el desarrollo del documento conocido como testamento vital, de instrucciones previas o de voluntades anticipadas. El fundamento del testamento vital radica en el reconocimiento de la autonomía del paciente. Este respeto va más allá de la situación de competencia del paciente al permitir anticipar situaciones clínicas y sus correspondientes decisiones. El documento de voluntades anticipadas es un documento escrito que refleja un acto de responsabilidad personal, siendo de especial ayuda en enfermos crónicos que pueden evolucionar hacia situaciones de dependencia y deterioro cognitivo. Los profesionales de la salud deben conocer la legislación vigente en materia del principio de autonomía. Resulta esencial que den a conocer a sus pacientes la posibilidad de realizar este procedimiento. Es necesaria una tarea divulgativa y pedagógica ante los profesionales y la población general (AU)
The social significance of the rights of patients has produced in Spain a diffuse legislative enactment since 2000 that culminated with the drafting of the living will document, or advanced directives. The basis of this document is the recognition of the autonomy of the patient. This respect goes beyond the competencies of the patient by enabling clinical situations to be anticipated and related decisions to be taken in advance. Living Will is a written document that reflects an act of personal responsibility. It is a tool for making clinical decisions that is particularly applicable to chronic patients susceptible of developing cognitive impairment and a state of dependency. Health professionals should be aware of current legislation on the principle of autonomy, and must make their patients aware of the option to implement this procedure. An educational and public awareness campaign aimed at professionals and the general public is required (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Testamentos Quanto à Vida/história , Testamentos Quanto à Vida/legislação & jurisprudência , Testamentos Quanto à Vida/tendências , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/legislação & jurisprudência , Relações Médico-Paciente , Bioética/tendências , Decreto Legislativo/métodos , 51725 , Assistência ao Paciente/tendências , Autonomia PessoalRESUMO
CONTEXT: The legal tools of health care advance planning have substantially changed since their emergence in the mid-1970s. Thirty years of policy development, primarily at the state legislative level addressing surrogate decision making and advance directives, have resulted in a disjointed policy landscape, yet with important points of convergence evolving over time. An understanding of the evolution of advance care planning policy has important implications for policy at both the state and federal levels. METHODS: This article is a longitudinal statutory and literature review of health care advance planning from its origins to the present. FINDINGS: While considerable variability across the states still remains, changes in law and policy over time suggest a gradual paradigm shift from what is described as a "legal transactional approach" to a "communications approach," the most recent extension of which is the emergence of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment, or POLST. The communications approach helps translate patients' goals into visible and portable medical orders. CONCLUSIONS: States are likely to continue gradually moving away from a legal transactional mode of advance planning toward a communications model, albeit with challenges to authentic and reliable communication that accurately translates patients' wishes into the care they receive. In the meantime, the states and their health care institutions will continue to serve as the primary laboratory for advance care planning policy and practice.
Assuntos
Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados/história , Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados/legislação & jurisprudência , Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados/organização & administração , Diretivas Antecipadas/história , Diretivas Antecipadas/legislação & jurisprudência , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Testamentos Quanto à Vida/história , Testamentos Quanto à Vida/legislação & jurisprudência , Formulação de Políticas , Ordens quanto à Conduta (Ética Médica)/legislação & jurisprudência , Assistência Terminal/história , Assistência Terminal/legislação & jurisprudência , Estados UnidosRESUMO
No disponible