An adult case of systemic Epstein-Barr virus-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with severe hepatic dysfunction and megalosplenia

Epstein-Barr virus-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV+T/NK-LPD) is a continuous spectrum of diseases that share a common feature observed in T cells and NK cells: Excessive lymphoid proliferation. This disease is rare in adults and predominantly affects children with high mortality. Herein, we present a case of EBV+T-LPD that occurred in an adult with clinical manifestations of hepatic dysfunction and megalosplenia. The patient received a splenectomy at a local hospital for the treatment of megalosplenia. Before surgery, she exhibited mild hepatomegaly and normal liver function. However, after the operation, abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed obvious hepatomegaly and severely damaged liver function. After a final diagnosis of EBV+TLPD at our hospital, the patient received combination therapy with antiviral and immunosuppressive agents. At the 4-month follow-up visit, hepatic function was normal and the size of the liver decreased. Because this patient presented with hepatomegaly before the splenectomy and because hepatic dysfunction rapidly progressed after surgery, an early diagnosis of EBV+T-LPD was crucial. Splenectomy may be recommended before liver involvement to reduce negative postoperative effects on the liver (AU)

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α Power, α asymmetry and anterior cingulate cortex activity in depressed males and females.

Left fronto-cortical hypoactivity, thought to reflect reduced activity in approach-related systems, and right parietal hypoactivity, associated with emotional under-arousal, have been noted in major depressive disorder (MDD). Altered theta activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has also been associated with the disorder. We assessed resting frontal and parietal alpha asymmetry and power in non-medicated MDD (N = 53; 29 females) and control (N = 43; 23 females) individuals. Theta activity was examined using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in the ACC [BA24ab and BA32 comprising the rostral ACC and BA25/subgenual (sg) ACC]. The MDD group, and particularly depressed males, displayed increased overall frontal and parietal alpha power and left midfrontal hypoactivity (alpha(2)-indexed). They also exhibited increased sgACC theta(2) activity. MDD females had increased right parietal activity, suggesting increased emotive arousal. Thus, unmedicated depressed adults were characterized by lower activity in regions implicated in approach/positive affective tendencies as well as diffuse cortical hypoarousal, though sex specific modulations emerged. Altered theta in the sgACC may reflect emotion regulation abnormalities in MDD.

Exercise, mood and cognitive performance in intellectual disability - a neurophysiological approach.

While numerous researches addressed the connection between physical exercise, changes in brain cortical activity and its relationship to psycho-physiological processes, most of these neuro-scientific studies were set up for healthy individuals. However, the benefits of exercise, such as well being, physical and cognitive health enhancements are also becoming increasingly important for intellectually disabled individuals. This study aimed to localize electroencephalographic activity changes in intellectually disabled individuals following a moderate running exercise for 30 min. An increase in cognitive performance and in mood was hypothesized to correlate with a decrease in fronto-temporal brain areas following exercise. Significant changes in cortical current density in frontal brain areas as well as decreases in perceived physical energy could be shown. Overall motivational states (including self-confidence and social acceptance) as well as positive mood increased significantly. However, no changes could be observed for the cognitive tasks following exercise. With respect to the data provided here there is reason to believe, that a self-selected pace running exercise, enhances self-esteem, coincided with cortical activity changes in fronto-temporal brain areas.