Plerixafor con factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos (G-CSF) en pacientes con linfoma o mieloma múltiple candidatos a trasplante autólogo con difícil movilización de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas / Plerixafor with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma candidates for autologous transplantation with difficult mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells

INTRODUCCIÓN: Como parte de las funciones de la UFETS, se ha elaborado el presente informe sobre el uso de plerixafor en combinación con factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos en pacientes con linfomas o mieloma múltiple de tumores sólidos sensibles a quimioterapia candidatos a trasplante autólogo con difícil movilización de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. - En Perú, solo en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásica se registran más de 500 casos de LNH anualmente y de MM se registran más de 90 casos anualmente La población a esperada en el INEN es de 12 pacientes al año, según reportes de la oficina de epidemiología. - El plerixafor induce la movilización de células madre al torrente sanguíneo desde la médula ósea, y está aprobado por la FDA y EMA para el tratamiento de la LCV. METODOLOGÍA: La estrategia de búsqueda sistemática de información científica para el desarrollo del presente informe se realizó siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Pirámide jerárquica de la evidencia propuesta por Haynes y se consideró los siguientes estudios: Sumarios y guías de práctica clínica. Revisiones sistemáticas y/o meta-análisis. Ensayos Controlados Aleatorizados (ECA). Estudios Observacionales (cohortes, caso y control, descriptivos) No hubo limitaciones acerca de la fecha de publicación o el idioma para ningún estudio. RESULTADOS: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática encontrando 1 RS-MS que respondía la pregunta PICO. - El metanálisis no encontró diferencias entre el grupo plerixafor y el placebo con respecto a la mortalidad a los 12 meses (RR: 1,00, IC 95 %: 0,59 a 1,69; p=1,00) ni eventos adversos (RR: 1,02, IC 95 %: 0,99 a 1,06; p = 0,19. Con respecto al resultado de la recolección exitosa de células madre, se evidenció ventaja en el grupo plerixafor (RR: 2,42; IC 95 %: 1,98 a 2,96; p<0,001. La evidencia encontrada es de calidad moderada, se incluyó estudios clínicos aleatorizados, doble ciegos, con comparador, financiados por el productor de plerixafor. CONCLUSIONES: La presente evaluación evaluó el uso de plerixafor con filgastrin para movilización de células progenitoras para trasplante autólogo. Se hizo una búsqueda sistemática, encontrando 1 RS-MS que respondía la pregunta PICO. El MA encontró que respecto al resultado de la recolección exitosa de células madre, se evidenció ventaja en el grupo plerixafor con un RR de 2.42. La evidencia encontrada es de calidad moderada, se incluyó estudios clínicos aleatorizados, doble ciegos, con comparador, financiados por el productor de plerixafor

The Choice of Pulmonary Autograft in Aortic Valve Surgery: A State-of-the-Art Primer.

The Ross procedure has long been seen as an optimal operation for a select few. The detractors of it highlight the issue of an additional harvesting of the pulmonary artery, subjecting the native PA to systemic pressures and the need for reintervention as reasons to avoid it. However, the PA is a living tissue and capable of adapting and remodeling to growth. We therefore review the current evidence available to discuss the indications, contraindications, harvesting techniques, and modifications in a state-of-the-art narrative review of the PA as an aortic conduit. Due to the lack of substantial well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we also highlight the areas of need to reiterate the importance of the Ross procedure as part of the surgical armamentarium.

Hybrid Three-Dimensional-Printed Ear Tissue Scaffold With Autologous Cartilage Mitigates Soft Tissue Complications.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To analyze the use of highly translatable three-dimensional (3D)-printed auricular scaffolds with and without novel cartilage tissue inserts in a rodent model. STUDY DESIGN: Preclinical rodent animal model. METHODS: This prospective study assessed a single-stage 3D-printed auricular bioscaffold with or without porcine cartilage tissue inserts in an athymic rodent model. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine computed tomography images of a human auricle were segmented to create an external anatomic envelope filled with orthogonally interconnected spherical pores. Scaffolds with and without tissue inset sites were 3D printed by laser sintering bioresorbable polycaprolactone, then implanted subcutaneously in five rats for each group. RESULTS: Ten athymic rats were studied to a goal of 24 weeks postoperatively. Precise anatomic similarity and scaffold integrity were maintained in both scaffold conditions throughout experimentation with grossly visible tissue ingrowth and angiogenesis upon explantation. Cartilage-seeded scaffolds had relatively lower rates of nonsurgical site complications compared to unseeded scaffolds with relatively increased surgical site ulceration, though neither met statistical significance. Histology revealed robust soft tissue infiltration and vascularization in both seeded and unseeded scaffolds, and demonstrated impressive maintenance of viable cartilage in cartilage-seeded scaffolds. Radiology confirmed soft tissue infiltration in all scaffolds, and biomechanical modeling suggested amelioration of stress in scaffolds implanted with cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: A hybrid approach incorporating cartilage insets into 3D-printed bioscaffolds suggests enhanced clinical and histological outcomes. These data demonstrate the potential to integrate point-of-care tissue engineering techniques into 3D printing to generate alternatives to current reconstructive surgery techniques and avoid the demands of traditional tissue engineering. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 131:1008-1015, 2021.

Follicular Unit Excision Punches and Devices.

BACKGROUND: Follicular unit excision (FUE) is used to harvest follicular units for hair transplantation using trephine punches. The characteristics of FUE punches can impact the success of this technique; thus, many innovative punch designs and devices have been developed. With many options available, it can be difficult for the hair restoration surgeon to know which punch best suits the needs of their patients. OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive review of punch shapes and devices available. METHODS: Search of PubMed, reference mining of relevant publications, and hand searching trade publications. RESULTS: We examined FUE punches and devices and consolidated descriptive information for each to create textual and visual guides. No single punch shape or device may suit all cases; thus, it is important to know the best uses and limitations of each. CONCLUSION: The surgeon should have a comprehensive knowledge base of available punch shapes and devices and understand the advantages and disadvantages of each. It is also beneficial to have an in-depth knowledge of skin properties and follicular unit structure. Ultimately, understanding the dynamics behind punch excision will enhance the FUE technique.

Comparison of mitochondrial transplantation by using a stamp-type multineedle injector and platelet-rich plasma therapy for hair aging in naturally aging mice.

The mechanism of hair loss caused by aging is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Pep-1-mediated mitochondrial transplantation is a potential therapeutic application for mitochondrial disorders, but its efficacy against hair aging remains unknown. This study compared platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy with mitochondrial transplantation for hair restoration and examined the related regulation in naturally aging mice. After dorsal hair removal, 100-week-old mice received weekly unilateral injections of 200 µg of allogeneic mitochondria-labeled 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine with (P-Mito) or without Pep-1 conjugation (Mito) or human PRP with a stamp-type electric injector for 1 month. The contralateral sides were used as corresponding sham controls. Compared with the control and corresponding sham groups, all treatments stimulated hair regrowth, and the effectiveness of P-Mito was equal to that of PRP. However, histology revealed that only P-Mito maintained hair length until day 28 and yielded more anagen follicles with abundant dermal collagen equivalent to that of the PRP group. Mitochondrial transplantation increased the thickness of subcutaneous fat compared with the control and PRP groups, and only P-Mito consistently increased mitochondria in the subcutaneous muscle and mitochondrial DNA copies in the skin layer. Therefore, P-Mito had a higher penetrating capacity than Mito did. Moreover, P-Mito treatment was as effective as PRP treatment in comprehensively reducing the expression of aging-associated gene markers, such as IGF1R and MRPS5, and increasing antiaging Klotho gene expression. This study validated the efficacy of mitochondrial therapy in the restoration of aging-related hair loss and demonstrated the distinct effects of PRP treatment.

Incorporating Fat Grafting with Facelift Surgery: When, How, and Where.

Facial aging is a multifactorial process with many articles over decades supporting various theories of varying causes. It is generally thought that aging occurs as a combination of changes in skin quality, gravitational descent of tissue with interaction of retaining ligaments on the ptotic tissue, and facial volume loss or the appearance of volume loss. The most significant cause of volume loss is skeletal remodeling and bone loss, which manifests as characteristic shadows and hollows on the face in conjunction with soft tissue changes that are yet to be completely elucidated.

Pedicle frozen autograft-prosthesis composite reconstructions for malignant bone tumors of the proximal femur.

BACKGROUND: Limb salvage surgery is becoming increasingly popular after tumor resection in the lower extremity. Biological reconstruction and use of megaprosthesis are main methods for malignant bone tumors of the proximal femur, which remain controversial due to short- and long-term complication in the proximal femur. Tumor-bearing bone treated by liquid nitrogen is one of biological reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate the mid- and long-term functional outcomes and complications in patients treated with frozen autograft-prosthesis composite (FAPC) reconstructions in the proximal femur. METHODS: This retrospective study included 19 patients (10 women, 9 men) with malignant tumors of the proximal femur who underwent tumor-wide resection and FAPC reconstruction (mean age, 46 years; range, 9-77 years). The mean follow-up period of 69 months (range, 9-179 months). Functional outcomes, oncological outcome and complications were evaluated by Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, clinical and radiological examinations. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 68.4%, and the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 26.4 points (88%). FAPC survival rates were 100 and 50% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Five of the 19 patients (26%) had complications: 2 required prosthesis removal and 2 developed a deep infection around acetabular. Wear of the acetabulum occurred in 2 cases, while disease recurrence was occurred in 1 case. There were no cases of greater trochanter avulsion, obvious absorption around frozen bone, prosthesis loosening or leg length discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: Due to without femoral osteotomy, this technique features satisfactory functional outcome and provide biomechanical stability that is comparable to those of other methods of biological reconstruction or megaprosthesis.

Injerto autólogo de vaina posterior de músculo recto del abdomen para la reconstrucción vascular del confluente espleno-mesentérico-portal en cirugía pancreática / Splenomesenteric portal venous confluence reconstruction using posterior rectus abdominis muscle sheath as autologous graft in pancreatic surgery

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Dermatome-Induced Lacerations: An Unspoken Problem in Burn Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Dermatome-induced lacerations are a known complication; however, there is a paucity of literature discussing the incidence and predisposing factors. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors to develop a preventive algorithm. METHODS: An 18-question survey was sent to all US and Canadian burn unit directors. Surgeons were queried about type and location of their practices, average annual caseload of skin graft harvesting, and number of dermatome-induced lacerations. The survey also asked about donor site location, harvesting technique and equipment, laceration severity, and causative factors. An algorithm was developed based on the results. RESULTS: Fifty-six responses (42% response rate) were received from the burn unit directors. They reported an estimated 133 lacerations over the past 5 y. The overall incidence of dermatome-induced lacerations was approximately 0.1% per year (1.3 per 1000 cases). The most commonly attributed causes were excessive pressure (25.0%) and patient factors (18.4%). Most lacerations occurred when using air dermatomes (73.0%) with a 4-inch guard (63.5%), 0.010- to 0.015-inch thickness (78.4%), and 30°-45° angulation (47.3%); the most common brand was Zimmer (71.6%). The dermatome was typically set up by a scrub tech or nurse (48.6%), whereas the skin harvesting was performed by residents (39.2%) or attendings (35.1%). Lacerations typically extended to subcutaneous tissue (70.3%), with no neurovascular injury (86.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that dermatome-induced lacerations are rare events and that certain factors predispose patients to injury. An algorithm was developed to provide guidance on risk factor identification and the set up and use of dermatomes.

Application of multiple wrapped cancellous bone graft methods for treatment of segmental bone defects.

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to discuss the principle, therapeutic effect and influencing factors of multiple wrapped cancellous bone graft methods for treatment of segmental bone defects. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic effect of different wrapped autologous cancellous bone graft techniques on 51 patients aged (34.5 ± 11.5) years with segmental bone defects. Cancellous bones were wrapped with titanium mesh (n = 9), line mesh (n = 10), line suturing or line binding cortical block, (n = 13), or induced membrane (n = 19). The bone defeats were as follows: tibia (n = 23), radial bone (n = 10), humerus (n = 8), ulnar bone (n = 7), and femur (n = 3). The defect lengths were (5.9 ± 1.1) cm. The functionary recovery of adjacent joint was evaluated by the Paley's method and DASH, respectively. RESULTS: The incision healed by first intention in 48 cases and secondary healing in 3 cases. All patients were followed up for 19.1 ± 7.1 (12-48) months. Other than one patient with nonunion who received a secondary bone graft, all the patients were first intention of bone healing (the healing rate was 98.0%). The healing time was 6.1 ± 2.1 (3-15) months. There were no significant differences in the healing time among the 4 groups (χ2 = 1.864, P = 0.601). The incidence of complications in the grafted site was 11.8%, whereas it was 21.6% in the harvest site. At the last follow-up, all the patients had recovered and were able to engage in weight-bearing activities. The functional recovery was good to excellent in 78.4% of cases, there were no significant difference among the 4 groups (χ2 = 5.429, P = 0.143). CONCLUSIONS: Wrapped cancellous bone grafting is a modified free bone graft method that can be used in the treatment of small and large segmental bone defects as it prevents loosening and bone absorption after bone grafting. The effect of bone healing is related with the quality and quantity of grafted bone, stability of bone defects, property of wrapping material and peripheral blood supply.

Simulation of postoperative occlusion and direction in autotransplantation of teeth: application of computer-aided design and digital surgical templates.

Autotransplantation of teeth requires optimisation of both occlusion and direction to ensure minimal injury to the dental crown and the alveolar bone. We describe a method that could simulate postoperative occlusion and direction of the donor tooth by using CAD and digital surgical templates, and evaluate the postoperative effect in five patients who had teeth autotransplanted. Computed tomographic data were imported into ProPlan CMF 3.0 software, the donor tooth was simulated to replace the recipient site according to the position of the occlusion and alveolar bone, and a digital template was designed to guide preparation of the socket. A computer-aided, rapid prototyped, tooth was used to match the socket and, finally, an occlusal template was designed to ensure that the donor tooth was in the simulated position. We compared the position of the tooth in the simulation with its postoperative position using ProPlan CMF 3.0 software. In this way it was possible to simulate and guide the donor tooth accurately to the recipient site. At six-month follow up all teeth had survived successfully. Given the efficiency and precision of placement and the success, we conclude that CAD can successfully help to simulate occlusion and direction in autotransplantation of teeth while simplifying the procedure.

Evidencia medida de resultados en rinoplastia abierta convencional con autoinjertos espaciadores / Measured evidence of results in conventional open rhinoplasty with spreader grafts

Introducción y Objetivo. La válvula nasal interna (VNI) se localiza en la unión de los cartílagos laterales superiores con el septum nasal. Ocasionalmente, el cartílago lateral superior se colapsa y provoca sensación de dificultad ventilatoria e inconformidad estética. Nos proponemos determinar la asociación entre variables tomográficas y la mejoría estética funcional lograda a los 3 meses de la colocación de injertos espaciadores. Material y método. Estudio sobre pacientes con inconformidad simultánea tanto estética nasal, como de sensación de dificultad ventilatoria sometidos a rinoplastia con injertos espaciadores y descripción de algunos casos. Mediante tomografía (ventana ósea) determinamos el ángulo pre y postoperatorio a los 3 meses de la VNI, así como la presencia o ausencia subjetiva de mejoría estética y/o ventilatoria. Realizamos pruebas para homogeneizar datos sobre las variables demográficas de la muestra en estudio: Chi-cuadrado para ángulo pre y postoperatorio y espesor del injerto espaciador; prueba binomial para presencia y ausencia de "V" invertida; Kolmogorov-Smirnov para edad. Para cada variable analizamos la mejoría estética y ventilatoria con RR (IC al 95%), VPP y VPN. Resultados. Muestra de 61 pacientes. Diámetro del injerto espaciador: > 4 mm (27.9%), RR mejoría ventilatoria 1.43 (IC al 95%, 1.12-1.82); 2-4 mm (44.3%); 2 mm (27.9%). Ángulo valvular preoperatorio: 15-10º (16.4%); 10-5º (50.8%); < 5º (32.8%). Ángulo valvular postoperatorio: 10º (44.3%); 10-15º (47.5%); > 15º (8.2%). Presencia (63.9%) o ausencia (36.1%) de deformidad nasal en "V" invertida. Mejoría ventilatoria y estética (60.7%), mejoría estética aislada (11.5%), mejoría ventilatoria aislada (13.1%), sin alguna mejoría (14.8%). Conclusiones. El injerto espaciador > 4 mm está asociado a mejoría ventilatoria de manera estadísticamente significativa con significancia clínica variable, así como el ángulo valvular preoperatorio de 15-10º se encuentra asociado a mejoría estética y ventilatoria

Background and Objective. The internal nasal valve (INV) is located in the middle third of the nose where the upper lateral cartilages join the nasal septum. Sometimes, the upper lateral cartilage collapses and causes ventilatory difficulty and aesthetic nonconformity. Our aim is to associate tomographic variables with sensation of aesthetic and ventilatory improvement, 3 months after using spreader-grafts. Methods. Longitudinal study of patients with simultaneous nasal aesthetic non conformity and ventilation difficulty that undergo rhinoplasty with spreader-graft collocation, and description of some surgical examples. Boneased CT determines preoperative and 3 months postoperative angles of the INV; subjective aesthetic and/or ventilatory improvement is recorded clinically too. A comparative analysis was carried out, testing for the homogeneity of the sample data: Chi-squared test for pre and postoperative angles, as well as for spreader-graft diameter; binomial test for "V" deformity; Kolmogorov-Smirnov for age. In order to associate each independent variable with aesthetic and ventilatory improvement, RR (CI 95%), PPV and NPV were calculated. Results. Sample with 61 patients. Spreader-graft diameter: > 4 mm (27.9%), RR ventilatory improvement 1.43 (IC al 95%, 1.12 -1.82); 2-4 mm (44.3%); 2 mm (27.9%). Preoperative valve angle: 15-10º (16.4%); 10-5º (50.8%); < 5º (32.8%). Postoperative valve angle: 10º (44.3%); 10-15º (47.5%); > 15º (8.2%). With (63.9%) or without (36.1%) inverted "V" nasal deformity. Aesthetic and ventilatory improvement (60.7%), isolated aesthetic improvement (11.5%), isolated ventilatory improvement (13.1%), no improvement at all (14.8%). Conclusions. Spreader-graft > 4 mm has a statistically significant association with ventilatory improvement, along with variable clinical significance; 15-10º preoperative valve angle is associated as well with aesthetic and ventilatory improvement

Therapeutic Role of Fat Injection in the Treatment of Recalcitrant Migraine Headaches.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of site-specific fat injection for the treatment of refractory migraine headaches following medical or surgical treatment. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed on consecutive patients who had migraine headaches with persistent symptoms after surgical decompression and were given therapeutic fat injections from September of 2012 to January of 2015 with 12 months' minimum follow-up. Clinical outcomes assessment included migraine frequency, intensity, duration, migraine headache index, and complications. A 50 percent or greater decrease in frequency, intensity, or duration was considered therapeutic success, whereas 10 percent or greater increase in migraine headache index was considered worsening of symptoms. Pairwise t tests were used to assess statistical significance (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. All were female, with a mean age of 49.0 years (range, 21.5 to 72.5 years), and mean follow-up was 29.4 months (range, 12.3 to 49.5 months). Twenty patients (69.0 percent) experienced successful improvement; 12 (41.4 percent) experienced complete resolution. Five patients (17.2 percent) experienced subtherapeutic improvement, and four (13.8 percent) experienced worsening of symptoms. Mean improvement per patient at their last follow-up was 5.1 (39.3 percent) fewer attacks per month (p = 0.035); 3.1 (42.0 percent) lower intensity on a scale of 1 to 10 (p = 0.001); 31.8 (74.4 percent) fewer hours of duration (p = 0.219); and 52.8 percent lower migraine headache index (p = 0.012). There were no complications for any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Migraine headache symptoms were successfully reduced in the majority of cases with fat injection. A comprehensive surgical treatment algorithm including this novel procedure is presented. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 Combined With Autogenous Bone Graft for Reconstruction of Alveolar Cleft.

Recombinant human bone morphogenic proteins (rhBMPs) have been introduced for reconstruction of alveolar defects. The volume of the bone formed at the cleft region may be related to rhBMP-2 dose. Greater side effects have been reported with increased doses of rhBMP-2. The aim of the present study was to assess the bone at the cleft area using low dose of rhBMP-2 combined with autogenous bone graft for reconstruction of the alveolar cleft. Patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate between the 11 to 14 years old were enrolled. After palatal expansion, autogenous graft was placed at the side of cleft in the control group (n = 6). In the BMP group, the rhBMP-2 was injected into the autogenous bone graft at the defect site (n = 5). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken of all patients immediately and 3 months after graft surgery to compare the density, thickness, and height of the bone graft between the 2 groups. Intermolar and interpremolar widths were also measured. The authors found less diminish of density and height of the bone graft 3 months postsurgery in patients with autogenous bone graft combined with rhBMP-2. However, significant difference in the relapse tendency of transverse dimension of the arch or thickness of the bone graft was not observed between the 2 groups. Thus, low dose rhBMP-2 combined with autogenous bone graft can be promising to reach predictable results after alveolar reconstruction in cleft lip and palate patients.

Autotrasplante dental. Una opción terapéutica contrastada / No disponible

El autotrasplante dental es una técnica clínica clásica que desde su protocolización por la escuela escandinava en los años 50 del pasado siglo permite obtener de forma predecible excelentes resultados. Si bien la introducción de los implantes dentales llevó a un cierto ostracismo a los autotrasplantes, progresivamente se ha ido reincorporando al armamentario clínico habitual como excelente método para reponer dientes ausentes. El índice de fracasos es bajo cundo se sigue un protocolo clínico estricto, que en los últimos tiempos incorpora el uso de réplicas 3D para minimizar el tiempo extraoral del diente donante. El momento ideal para realizar un autotrasplante se da cuando el diente donante tiene formado entre 2/3 y ¾ de la raíz, lo que permite que esta complete su desarrollo y mantenga la vitalidad pulpar. No obstante, es también posible realizar autotrasplantes de dientes con ápice cerrado, si bien en estos casos es imperativo realizar el tratamiento de conductos. El comportamiento de un diente autotrasplantado es idéntico al de cualquier otro diente, permite el crecimiento del hueso, e incluso movimientos ortodóncicos. En caso de pérdida de dientes en sector estético en pacientes jóvenes el autotrasplante es la opción de elección siempre que sea posible disponer de un diente donante

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Anatomic double-bundle medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with aperture fixation using an adjustable-length loop device: a 2-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: To assess the clinical availability of an adjustable-length loop device for use in the double-bundle technique with aperture fixation at the patella and femur during anatomic double-bundle medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (DB-MPFLR) for recurrent patellar dislocation. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 11 patients (12 knees) with recurrent patellar dislocation who underwent anatomic DB-MPFLR with an ipsilateral semitendinosus tendon autograft. The graft was folded in half, and its central portion was hanged using the adjustable-length loop device. Both free ends of the graft were fixed at the proximal and distal ends of the medial edge of the patella by using suture anchors, and the hanged graft loop was pulled into the femoral tunnel while maintaining equal tension on both bundles. Manual traction of the suture loops was applied to fix the graft appropriately in full range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint under arthroscopic guidance. Clinical outcomes such as re-dislocation, ROM, clinical scores (Kujala score, Lysholm score, and visual analogue scale score for anterior knee pain), and complications were assessed preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively. Radiographic parameters indicating patellar position, including congruence angle and lateral patellofemoral angle, were measured at 4 different angles of knee flexion (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°). RESULTS: At 4 different flexion angles of the knee joint, the preoperative congruence angle decreased significantly and the lateral patellofemoral angle increased significantly at the final follow-up (P <  0.001). Notably, the improvements in these angles were maintained with no significant differences at the 4 different flexion angles. None of the patients experienced subluxation or re-dislocation after surgery. The patellar instability symptoms improved, as confirmed on the basis of radiographic and other clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: New DB technique with aperture fixation at the patella and femur by using an adjustable-length loop device offers high stability with full ROM of the knee joint, can be considered as a feasible procedure and technique for recurrent patellar dislocation.

Massive Traumatic Skin Defect Successfully Treated with Autologous, Bilayered, Tissue-Engineered MyDerm Skin Substitute: A Case Report.

CASE: A 22-year-old man sustained a laceration that measured 180 cm, after debridement, over the anterolateral aspect of the right leg following a road traffic accident. The wound was treated with MyDerm (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), a cell-based, bilayered, bioengineered dermal substitute that contains no animal-derived components and is fully autologous. For its construction, only a small area of skin was harvested from the left groin, which was closed primarily with absorbable sutures. CONCLUSION: MyDerm is an alternative option for the treatment of a massive skin defect in patients who desire removal of only a negligible amount of skin from the donor site and when use of an autograft is insufficient.

Expansion Vibration Lipofilling: A New Technique in Large-Volume Fat Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Despite rapid growth, gluteal fat transplantation is an operation in search of science and a teachable technique. Long operating times, tedious syringe transfers, inability to shape the recipient site, and the risk of fat embolism all headline as impediments to clinical adoption of the procedure. Expansion vibration lipofilling is a syringe-free surgical strategy that is a logical extension of Separation, Aspiration, and Fat Equalization (SAFELipo). In expansion vibration lipofilling, there is simultaneous disruption of recipient-site connective tissue, internal expansion using exploded-tip cannulas, and backfilling of these spaces with roller pump-propelled fat. METHODS: Two thousand four hundred nineteen consecutive cases of expansion vibration lipofilling fat transplantation to the buttocks were reviewed. Average follow-up was 12 months. The technique of expansion vibration lipofilling is dependent on the use of larger caliber cannulas attached to a roller pump and to an oscillatory power-assisted liposuction device, which is less labor-intensive, potentially allowing for better knowledge of cannula-tip location at all times during the procedure. RESULTS: Operating times averaged 1 hour 40 minutes. The average volume of fat inserted was 1003 cc. Complications included donor-site seroma, infection, and one pulmonary embolism treated with anticoagulation. There were no cases of fat embolism or death. CONCLUSIONS: Expansion vibration lipofilling is a new method for large-volume fat transplantation. Avoidance of fatal fat emboli demands a surgeon's complete knowledge of cannula tip location at all times during the procedure. Syringe-free, larger caliber, and less flexible cannulas, combined with techniques requiring less operator upper extremity effort resulting in less fatigue, may contribute to avoidance of this dreadful complication. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.