RESUMO
This review aims to identify health promotion actions for the homeless population in the scientific literature. A bibliographic review was conducted, with searches performed in the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, and Medline. The studies found were analyzed by two independent evaluators using the search strategy that screened 6,446 studies, of which 20 met the eligibility criteria. In the included studies, study design evaluations and level of evidence assessments were performed in addition to the extraction of information for data synthesis. The health promotion actions in the studies converged mainly on restoration, treatment, and prevention of health problems. The synthesis of the selected studies resulted in three categories involving sexual health, care for the promotion of physical health and a healthy lifestyle, and substance use reduction. The included studies evidenced health promotion actions that positively impact the health-disease process of people who are homeless. The importance of intensifying the development of studies for this population is emphasized, especially in developing nations.
Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Pessoas Mal Alojadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Brasil , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Saúde SexualRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to assess the prevalence and factors associated with psychoactive substance consumption among 7th and 9th grade students. METHODS: an exploratory observational study, through the application of an online self-completion questionnaire, from 2016 to 2022, to 12,767 students. RESULTS: tobacco, alcohol and drug consumption fluctuated, with alcohol being the most consumed substance by young people, followed by drugs and, lastly, tobacco. The study revealed a downward trend in tobacco and alcohol consumption among adolescents. There was a notable increase in glue, varnish and solvent consumption, which surpassed consumption cannabis/hashish consumption. CONCLUSIONS: initial substance consumption occurs predominantly in a social context and begins in early adolescence. The propensity to consume increases as students age, with higher consumption being noted among older adolescents.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Psicotrópicos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Psicotrópicos/efeitos adversos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Prevalência , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
to map studies that have developed evaluation processes of prevention programs for the use of alcohol and other drugs in Brazil, analyzing their methodological characteristics.a scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The searches were carried out in eight databases and a theses and dissertations database, screened with double-blind in Rayyan®, analyzed with a focus on the methodology of the evaluative studies and through qualitative synthesis.of the 56 publications included, the majority used an observational design, generally related to process evaluations (n = 26), followed by experimental (n = 23) and quasi-experimental (n = 8) analyses of results in terms of effectiveness and efficacy, respectively. Of the eleven actions analyzed, eight are universal prevention programs, one is selective prevention and two are a preventive strategy.most of the programs evaluated are universal, aimed at adolescents, carried out in schools and focused on various drugs. It is recommended to focus on new groups, such as Indigenous populations and other risk conditions, and to develop selective programs in future government initiatives to prevent drug use in Brazil.
Assuntos
Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Brasil , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodosRESUMO
The "Communities That Care Youth Survey" (CTC-YS) emerges from the Social Development Model and provides a comprehensive assessment of risks and protective factors in community, family, school, as well as individual and peer group domains. This has contributed to the prevention of drug use and other associated factors. The main objective of this study was to analyze the factorial structure of the CTC-YS in Colombian adolescents. A total of 2,963 volunteers between 12 and 19 years participated (mean = 14.25, SD = 1.53; 53% female). Construct validity was assessed through a confirmatory factor analysis of domains. Goodness-of-fit indices were found to be adequate for risk and protective factors in the community and school domains as well as for protective factors in the family and individual and peer group domains. However, the family, individual, and peer group domains did not reach the optimal indices for risk factors, prompting recommendations for potential improvements. Overall, the results support the reliability and construct validity of the survey domains, advocating its utilization in researching and assessing risk and protective factors among Colombian adolescents. The need for additional psychometric analyses was discussed to enhance the validity and applicability of the CTC-YS in the Colombian context.
Assuntos
Fatores de Proteção , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Colômbia , Análise Fatorial , Grupo Associado , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos e Questionários/normasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Substance use among adolescents is a public health problem. We culturally adapted The Social Competence Promotion Program for Young Adolescents (SCPP-YA) program to the school context in Chile (henceforth "Mi Mejor Plan or MMP") and assessed the acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, and quality of the implementation among 6th graders. We also explored the efficacy of the program in improving individual protective factors and reducing risk factors and substance use. METHODS: Cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in Chile. The schools were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in a 1:1 ratio: 1) the "MMP" intervention group, and 2) the Control group. The program consisted of a 16-h class-based curriculum promoting social problem-solving skills delivered by a trained facilitator. Primary outcomes were acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, and quality of the implementation using detailed reports of facilitators and from observers of the performance of the facilitators in vivo. Additionally, we explored the efficacy of the intervention on secondary outcomes: 30-day prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use and individual risk and protective factors promoted by MMP. We performed an intention-to-treat analysis using mixed models, taking into account the hierarchical nature of the data. RESULTS: Seven hundred sixty-five 6th graders from 11 schools were enrolled (one school dropped out after the randomization); 608 were analyzed at baseline, and 538 were analyzed post-intervention. 52.5% were male, and the average age was 11.3 in both groups. All 16 sessions were implemented, and students' attendance at each session ranged from 83.8% to 92.4%. The program was generally well-received, with up to 91.3% of students rating acceptability positively. Facilitators and observers reported high adherence to the contents of the program in most sessions. Protective factors, such as negative beliefs about tobacco and alcohol, increased significantly in the IG. Still, there were no significant changes in substance use, risk factors, emotion regulation, or school membership. CONCLUSIONS: The MMP program was well accepted, and we achieved high levels of implementation and fidelity. The program improved some individual protective factors, such as negative beliefs about tobacco and alcohol, with no changes in substance use among adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04236947; registration date: 17/01/2020.
Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Habilidades Sociais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Projetos Piloto , Estudos de Viabilidade , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Criança , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Brazilian adaptation of the Strengthening Families Program (SFP), known as Famílias Fortes (FF-BR 10-14), has demonstrated positive short-term effects on parental behavior. This study aims to evaluate the 12- and 24-month follow-ups of the FF-BR 10-14, focusing on parental outcomes and substance use prevention. METHODS: This is a parallel-cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 1610 participants (805 adolescents aged 10-14 and 805 caregivers). Conducted across 60 Social Assistance Reference Centers (SARC) in 12 municipalities in Brazil, the trial evaluates the effectiveness of the FF-BR 10-14 program. This study presents data collected at three time points: baseline, 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Multilevel mixed-effects models assessed the program effects on parental and adolescent outcomes (drug use and family behavior), with adjustments for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: The results reveal no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of adolescent drug use after either follow-up. However, participating in the program shows a reduction in negligent parental style (aOR 0.46, 95%CI 0.22;0.97), parental binge drinking (aOR 0.24, 95%CI 0.08; 0.74), as well as an increase in parental ability to set clear rules regarding their children's drug use (ß 0.43, 95%CI 0.03; 0.83) and an improvement in adolescents' skills to resolve family conflicts (ß 0.79, 95%CI 0.11; 1.46) and to manage stress (ß 0.65, 95%CI 0.16; 1.15). CONCLUSION: The Famílias Fortes program shows positive effects on mediators, such as parenting practices and adolescent coping skills, but not on the primary outcomes of adolescent substance use. These findings highlight the program's role in improving the family environment and supporting prevention efforts through intermediary behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered in the Brazilian Ministry of Health Register of Clinical Trials (REBEC), under protocol no. RBR-5hz9g6z ( https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5hz9g6z ) - July 8th, 2022.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar , Pais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Adolescente , Brasil , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Feminino , Seguimentos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Criança , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: We tested effects of a culturally adapted version of the Keepin' it REAL (KiR) prevention program on longitudinal patterns of polysubstance use among Mexican adolescents. METHODS: A sample of 36 public middle schools in Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey was randomized to: culturally adapted KiR, original KiR translated into Spanish, and treatment-as-usual controls. Regular teachers with training in KiR implemented curricula over 3-4 months. Seventh-grade students with parental consent completed pretests in Fall 2017 (n = 5522), and three posttests: later in 7th grade, in 8th and 9th grade. We analyzed patterns of recent use of five substances (alcohol, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, other illicit drugs) and the efficacy of the two KiR versions using repeated measures latent class analysis (RM-LCA). RESULTS: RM-LCA produced six classes: (A) non-use of substances across all time points; (B) initiating only licit substances; (C) initiating both licit and illicit substances; (D) declining use; (E) initiating inhalant and alcohol use; and (F) persisting polysubstance use. Adapted KiR students were more likely than controls to report declining substance use (class D), and less likely to initiate use (C and E). Adapted KiR students were overrepresented among those engaging in persisting polysubstance use, largely due to baseline differences. Un-adapted KiR showed no differences with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Culturally adapted KiR for Mexico curbed initiation of especially harmful forms of illicit drug use, and prompted declines among those already engaging in use. Lack of evidence of efficacy of the un-adapted version of KiR suggests the need for cultural adaptation of efficacious interventions for new target populations.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , México/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Criança , Estudantes , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Assistência Integral à Saúde/métodos , Assistência Integral à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/reabilitação , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Assistência Social , Brasil/etnologia , Reabilitação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
This paper outlines the adaptation and implementation of the European Prevention Curriculum (EUPC) in Brazil, launched in 2022 to enhance the skills of professionals in substance use prevention. The EUPC-Brazil project follows a decentralized model with significant collaboration from regional and local stakeholders, as well as international partners, such as the European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA). The curriculum was adapted through feedback from local professionals and policymakers, ensuring its relevance to national needs while maintaining European best practices. Initial pilot trainings have shown positive results, with participants reporting increased competence in applying evidence-based practices. Challenges such as resource limitations and regional disparities in access to training are being addressed through ongoing adaptation and the creation of virtual communities for continued peer learning. The findings provide key insights for other countries looking to implement the EUPC, emphasizing the importance of local adaptation, stakeholder engagement, and long-term sustainability.