RESUMO
Melanocytes are static, minimally proliferative cells. This leaves them vulnerable in vitiligo. Yet upon malignant transformation, they form vicious tumors. This profound switch in physiology is accompanied by genetic change and is driven by environmental factors. If UV exposure in younger years supports malignant transformation and melanoma formation, it can likewise impart mutations on melanocytes that reduce their viability, to initiate vitiligo. A wide variety of microbes can influence these diametrically opposed outcomes before either disease takes hold. These microbes are vehicles of change that we are only beginning to study. Once a genetic modification occurs, there is a wide variety of immune cells ready to respond. Though it does not act alone, the T cell is among the most decisive responders in this process. The same biochemical process that offered the skin protection by producing melanin can become an Achilles heel for the cell when the T cells target melanosomal enzymes or, on occasion, neoantigens. T cells are precise, determined, and consequential when they strike. Here, we probe the relationship between the microbiome and its metabolites, epithelial integrity, and the activation of T cells that target benign and malignant melanocytes in vitiligo and melanoma.
Assuntos
Melaninas/metabolismo , Melanócitos/patologia , Melanoma/patologia , Microbiota , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Distinções e Prêmios , Humanos , Melanócitos/imunologia , Melanócitos/microbiologia , Melanoma/imunologia , Melanoma/microbiologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/microbiologia , Linfócitos T/classificaçãoRESUMO
The occurrence of hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation after inflammation is a common condition in dermatology and cosmetology. Since the exact mechanism of its occurrence is not yet known, prevention and treatment are troublesome. Previous studies have confirmed that αmelanocytestimulating hormone, stem cell factor and other factors can promote melanogenesisrelated gene expression through the activation of signaling pathways. Recent studies have revealed that a variety of inflammatory mediators can also participate in the regulation of melanogenesis in melanocytes. In this review, we summarized that interleukin18, interleukin33, granulocytemacrophage colony stimulating factor, interferonγ, prostaglandin E2 have the effect of promoting melanogenesis, while interleukin1, interleukin4, interleukin6, interleukin17 and tumor necrosis factor can inhibit melanogenesis. Further studies have found that these inflammatory factors may activate or inhibit melanogenesisrelated signaling pathways (such as protein kinase A and mitogen activated protein kinase) by binding to corresponding receptors, thereby promoting or inhibiting the expression of melanogenesisrelated genes and regulating skin pigmentation processes. This suggests that the development of drugs or treatment methods from the perspective of regulating inflammation can provide new ideas and new targets for the treatment of pigmented dermatosis. This review outlines the current understanding of the inflammation factors' roles in melanogenesis.
Assuntos
Inflamação , Melaninas/biossíntese , Transtornos da Pigmentação/terapia , Transdução de Sinais , Pigmentação da Pele/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Humanos , Melanócitos/imunologia , Melanócitos/metabolismo , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , alfa-MSH/metabolismoRESUMO
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) and vitiligo are autoimmune diseases that target melanocytes. VKH affects several organs such as the skin, hair follicle, eyes, ears, and meninges, whereas vitiligo is often limited to the skin and mucosa. Many studies have identified immune genes, pathways and cells that drive the pathogeneses of VKH and vitiligo, including interleukins, chemokines, cytotoxic T-cells, and other leukocytes. Here, we present case studies of 2 canines with VKH and 1 with vitiligo, which occurred spontaneously in client-owned companion dogs. We performed comparative transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry studies on lesional skin biopsies from these cases in order to determine if the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune responses against melanocytes are conserved. In dogs, we found enrichment of T cell gene signatures, with upregulation of IFNG, TNF, PRF1, IL15, CTSW, CXCL10, and CCL5 in both VKH and vitiligo in dogs compared to healthy controls. Similar findings were reported in humans, suggesting that these genes play a role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous VKH and vitiligo. T cell-associated genes, including FOXP3 and TBX21, were enriched, while IGFBP5, FOXO1, and PECAM1 were decreased compared to healthy controls. Further, we identified TGFB3, SFRP2, and CXCL7 as additional potential drivers of autoimmune pigmentary disorders. Future studies exploring the immunopathogenesis of spontaneous autoimmunity will expand our understanding of these disorders, and will be useful in developing targeted therapies, repurposing drugs for veterinary and human medicine, and predicting disease prognosis and treatment response.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/genética , Transtornos da Pigmentação/genética , Síndrome Uveomeningoencefálica/genética , Animais , Citocinas/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/veterinária , Pele/imunologia , Pele/patologia , Síndrome Uveomeningoencefálica/imunologia , Síndrome Uveomeningoencefálica/patologia , Síndrome Uveomeningoencefálica/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous eruptions in neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) are thought to be self-resolving. Limited literature suggests cutaneous changes may persist. OBJECTIVE: To characterize cutaneous residua in NLE and identify predictors for their development. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients with cutaneous NLE born between January 1980 and May 2017 was performed. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients with cutaneous residua. Secondary outcomes included associations/predictors of sequelae. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, at a mean age of 4 years (range, 0.5-18.7 years), 34% of 106 patients had cutaneous sequelae, 13% had telangiectasia, 17% had dyspigmentation, and 9% had atrophic scarring. Scarring at the last follow-up was significantly associated with the presence of skin lesions at birth (P < .001). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the retrospective design, short follow-up duration in a subset of patients, and small sample size. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous NLE can exhibit long-term cutaneous residua. These findings underlie the importance of accurate diagnosis, long-term monitoring, and appropriate counseling.
Assuntos
Cicatriz/epidemiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/congênito , Transtornos da Pigmentação/epidemiologia , Pele/patologia , Telangiectasia/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Atrofia/epidemiologia , Atrofia/imunologia , Atrofia/patologia , Atrofia/prevenção & controle , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cicatriz/imunologia , Cicatriz/patologia , Cicatriz/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/terapia , Masculino , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pele/imunologia , Telangiectasia/imunologia , Telangiectasia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder (XLPDR, Mendelian Inheritance in Man #301220) is a rare syndrome characterized by recurrent infections and sterile multiorgan inflammation. The syndrome is caused by an intronic mutation in POLA1, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase-α (Pol-α), which is responsible for Okazaki fragment synthesis during DNA replication. Reduced POLA1 expression in this condition triggers spontaneous type I interferon expression, which can be linked to the autoinflammatory manifestations of the disease. However, the history of recurrent infections in this syndrome is as yet unexplained. Here we report that patients with XLPDR have reduced NK cell cytotoxic activity and decreased numbers of NK cells, particularly differentiated, stage V, cells (CD3-CD56dim). This phenotype is reminiscent of hypomorphic mutations in MCM4, which encodes a component of the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase complex that is functionally linked to Pol-α during the DNA replication process. We find that POLA1 deficiency leads to MCM4 depletion and that both can impair NK cell natural cytotoxicity and show that this is due to a defect in lytic granule polarization. Altogether, our study provides mechanistic connections between Pol-α and the MCM complex and demonstrates their relevance in NK cell function.
Assuntos
Amiloidose Familiar/imunologia , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Dermatopatias Genéticas/imunologia , Amiloidose Familiar/genética , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Reparo do DNA , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Humanos , Células K562 , Componente 4 do Complexo de Manutenção de Minicromossomo/genética , Transtornos da Pigmentação/genética , Recombinação Genética , Dermatopatias Genéticas/genéticaRESUMO
The term congenital hypopigmentary disorders refers to a wide group of heterogeneous hereditary diseases, clinically characterized by inborn pigmentary defects of the iris, hair, and/or skin. They include Gray Hair Syndromes (GHSs), a rare group of autosomal recessive genodermatosis hallmarked by inborn silvery gray hair. GHSs encompass Griscelli, Chediakâ»Higashi, Elejalde, and Cross syndromes, which are all characterized by a broad spectrum of severe multisystem disorders, including neurological, ocular, skeletal, and immune system impairment. In this manuscript, we describe in detail the clinical, trichoscopic, and genetic features of a rare case of Griscelli syndrome; moreover, we provide an overview of all the GHSs known to date. Our report highlights how an accurate clinical examination with noninvasive methods, like trichoscopy, may play a crucial rule in diagnosis of rare and potentially lethal genetic syndromes such as Griscelli syndrome, in which timely diagnosis and therapy may modify the clinical course, quality of life, and likelihood of survival.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Pigmentação/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Pigmentação/genética , Doenças Raras/diagnóstico , Doenças Raras/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/imunologia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/patologia , Adulto , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/genética , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/imunologia , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/genética , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/imunologia , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Cabelo/anormalidades , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/imunologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/patologia , Humanos , Hipertricose/induzido quimicamente , Iris/anormalidades , Masculino , Mutação , Síndromes Neurocutâneas/diagnóstico , Síndromes Neurocutâneas/genética , Síndromes Neurocutâneas/imunologia , Síndromes Neurocutâneas/patologia , Piebaldismo/diagnóstico , Piebaldismo/genética , Piebaldismo/imunologia , Piebaldismo/patologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Qualidade de Vida , Doenças Raras/imunologia , Doenças Raras/patologia , Anormalidades da Pele , Proteínas rab27 de Ligação ao GTP/genéticaRESUMO
Henna is a vegetable hair dye that can be used by individuals who are sensitized to oxidative dyes due to low allergenicity. The reported incidence of slate-grey facial dyspigmentation following the use of henna hair dye is extremely rare. This study aimed to identify the clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of slate-grey facial dyspigmentation following the use of henna hair dye in Korean patients. We identified all patients who presented with slate-grey facial dyspigmentation following usage of henna hair dye. Patients were further evaluated for clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings along with their patch test results. All 11 patients were females with Fitzpatrick's skin phototype III or IV. Prominent slate-grey-coloured dyspigmentation on the lateral side of the face and neck was most common in eight (72%) patients. Under dermoscopic examination, a pseudo-network with grey dots was observed in all patients. Histopathological examination revealed liquefaction degeneration of the epidermal basal layer and pigmentary incontinence in the papillary dermis in all patients. The diagnosis of pigmented contact dermatitis following usage of henna was made based on the clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings in all patients. Pigmented contact dermatitis associated with henna occurs mostly in middle-aged women and requires long-term treatment. Therefore, careful attention should be paid when henna is used to dye hair in this age group.
Assuntos
Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Dermoscopia/métodos , Naftoquinonas/efeitos adversos , Transtornos da Pigmentação/induzido quimicamente , Idoso , Biópsia por Agulha , Estudos de Coortes , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Coreia (Geográfico) , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Naftoquinonas/imunologia , Testes do Emplastro , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Doenças Raras , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Pigmented cosmetic dermatitis-like (Riehl's melanosis-like) pigmentation was reported in three of 27 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. But case reports of such eruptions are rare. We describe three cases of such eruptions associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome or anti-SSA antibody and possible associations with specific types of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and infiltrating lymphocytes. These middle-aged Japanese women had reticular facial pigmentation and histopathological examination revealed interface dermatitis, melanophages, and dense lymphocytic infiltration around hair follicles and sweat ducts. HLA typing revealed common antigenic equivalents or genetic typing of HLA-A2, DR52, DPA1(02:02) and DPB1(05:01). Immunohistochemical staining revealed major subsets of T cells to be CD8 and CD45RO. Some Foxp3- and few IL17-positive cells were found in strong contrast to the major CD4 subset of infiltrated T cells in annular erythema associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Apparently, our patients' pigmentation represented a specific etiology associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome or anti-SSA antibody.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antinucleares/sangue , Dermatite/imunologia , Dermatite/patologia , Síndrome de Sjogren/patologia , Idoso , Dermatite/etiologia , Feminino , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos da Pigmentação/etiologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Síndrome de Sjogren/complicações , Síndrome de Sjogren/imunologiaRESUMO
Melanoma-associated leukoderma (MAL) is a relatively uncommon phenomenon in the literature that can present (1) before melanoma detection, (2) after detection and before treatment, and (3) after treatment with immunotherapeutic agents. We report a case of MAL in an 83-year-old man after treatment with high dose IL-2 for metastatic melanoma and further describe the literature of the underlying mechanisms behind it that involve the immune system. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are thought the mediate the process at a cellular level. Self-antigens (e.g. MART-1/2, gp100, tyrosinase) have been presented on the surface of both normal and malignant melanocytes and mediate the development of MAL after cytotoxic CD8+ T cells attack both cell types. Autoimmune manifestations have a positive effect on tumor immunity, with patients at stage III and stage IV melanoma showing a better prognosis after leukoderma development. In addition, immunotherapy induced leukoderma has been associated with a higher therapeutic response rate. Recently, newer immuno-therapeutic drugs, such as vemurafenib and ipilimumab, have been associated with leukoderma as a side effect.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Doenças Autoimunes/induzido quimicamente , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Interleucina-2/efeitos adversos , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Pigmentação/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Autoimunes/diagnóstico , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Autoimunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/imunologia , Melanoma/secundário , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Transtornos da Pigmentação/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Pigmentação da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Alopecia em Áreas/imunologia , Alopecia em Áreas/patologia , Adulto , Alopecia em Áreas/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Cor de Cabelo/imunologia , Folículo Piloso/imunologia , Folículo Piloso/patologia , Humanos , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Pulsoterapia , Esteroides/administração & dosagemRESUMO
In the present study, we established a novel murine model of vitiligo by sequential prime/boost immunizations into the hind footpad and tail dermis with tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2)-180 (SVYDFFVWL) peptide, lipopolysaccharides and cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides. Immunized mice developed epidermal depigmentation in the tail skin without hair depigmentation, thereby differentiating this approach from established models of vitiligo. Following intradermal tail immunization, activated CD8(+) interferon (IFN)-γ(+) T cells were recruited locally to the tail skin. In-vivo cytotoxicity assays demonstrated specific lysis of TRP2-180-presenting cells in immunized mice. Furthermore, the extent of skin depigmentation correlated with the frequency of TRP2-180-specific splenic CD8(+) T cells, as determined by IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production, and cytotoxic degranulation evidenced by CD107a staining. These findings suggest a correlation between the presence of TRP2-180-specific CD8(+) effector T cells and the development of depigmented skin lesions in our vitiligo model. This new model of vitiligo, characterized by skin depigmentation without hair depigmentation, is more similar to human disease than previous murine models. Therefore, this model is well suited to future studies on the pathogenesis of vitiligo and the development of novel therapeutics for vitiligo.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epiderme/imunologia , Melanócitos/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Vitiligo/imunologia , Vitiligo/patologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Epiderme/metabolismo , Epiderme/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Melanócitos/patologia , Proteínas de Membrana/administração & dosagem , Proteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/etiologia , Vacinação/métodos , Vitiligo/etiologia , Vitiligo/metabolismoAssuntos
Eritema/patologia , Hiperpigmentação/patologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Dapsona/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapêutico , Epiderme/patologia , Eritema/tratamento farmacológico , Eritema/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperpigmentação/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperpigmentação/imunologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Transtornos da Pigmentação/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologiaAssuntos
Transtornos da Pigmentação/complicações , Escleredema do Adulto/complicações , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Escleredema do Adulto/imunologia , Escleredema do Adulto/patologiaRESUMO
Head and lateral line erosion (HLLE) is a chronic dermatopathy affecting a number of fish that presents as depigmented skin along the lateral line system of the trunk and head. We present microbiological, immunological and histopathological features of this lesion in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), that developed after exposure to a chronic nutritional stress. Depigmention was limited to skin that was adjacent to the lateral line. The epidermis of affected fish was thin and reduced to a one-cell-thick layer over the lateral line. Melanocytes were depleted at the dermo-epidermal junction and formed aggregates in the epidermis. Innate immunity was weaker in affected fish than that previously measured in well-fed channel catfish. Because the pathology and apparent aetiology of HLLE described in various fish species are highly variable, HLLE appears to be a clinical sign, rather than a disease or syndrome. Thus, we propose that this clinical sign be referred to as lateral line depigmentation (LLD), because this description more accurately encompasses all cases of this presentation reported in fish. As nutritional requirements of channel catfish and lateral line neuroanatomy are well-known, the ability to reproducibly induce LLD in this species could provide a useful model for understanding its pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Epiderme/patologia , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Ictaluridae , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Sistema da Linha Lateral/patologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/veterinária , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Animais , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/veterinária , Escherichia coli , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Dermatopatias/imunologia , Dermatopatias/patologiaAssuntos
Líquen Plano/complicações , Nefrose Lipoide/complicações , Transtornos da Pigmentação/complicações , Adulto , Betametasona/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Líquen Plano/tratamento farmacológico , Líquen Plano/imunologia , Nefrose Lipoide/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologiaRESUMO
The categorization of pigmented purpuric dermatosis (PPD) as a form of cutaneous lymphoid dyscrasia has been suggested. Phenotypic and molecular studies were done on 43 patients with PPD. The molecular studies used a capillary gel electrophoresis T-cell receptor beta multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. There were 2 principal categories: polyclonal PPD represented by 22 cases and monoclonal variants comprising 21 cases. Monoclonal cases had extensive skin lesions. An identical restricted T-cell repertoire independent of time and location was observed. Approximately 40% of the monoclonal cases had clinical and pathologic features of mycosis fungoides (MF). In the polyclonal variant, disease outside the lower extremities was uncommon; there were no patients with MF. Striking reductions in CD7 and CD62L were seen in both groups. PPD is a form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoid dyscrasia, based on the frequency of monoclonality, the preservation of persistent T-cell clonotypes, and extent of pan-T-cell marker loss. Stratification of lesions of PPD according to the molecular profile may be of significant value prognostically and influence therapeutic intervention.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Pigmentação/classificação , Púrpura/classificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígenos CD7/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Selectina L/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos da Pigmentação/genética , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Púrpura/genética , Púrpura/imunologia , Púrpura/patologiaRESUMO
The composition of metallic pigmentations in gingiva and dental roots was determined by means of transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis. The systemic immune response to the metals found in the oral cavity was evaluated in 10 patients by using a modified lymphocyte proliferation test. Immunological results were compared with a group of five controls without metallic materials and pigmentation. Dense particles of various shapes and sizes, as well as of diverse extracellular and intracellular localization patterns, were detected in the pigmented lamina propria gingivae. Metallic deposits consisted predominantly of silver accompanied by selenium or sulfur or both. Besides, Ag, Au, Cr, Ni, Fe, Hg, Cu, and Ti were identified in dentinal tubules of teeth reconstructed with dental alloys. Nine patients with metallic pigmentations had a positive lymphocyte proliferative response to one or more metals present in their own metal reconstructions. Results of this study thus indicated that dental alloys-by virtue of their corrosion process-might pose a significant risk to immunologically susceptible patients.
Assuntos
Ligas Dentárias/efeitos adversos , Doenças da Gengiva/induzido quimicamente , Metais/efeitos adversos , Transtornos da Pigmentação/induzido quimicamente , Descoloração de Dente/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Corrosão , Microanálise por Sonda Eletrônica , Feminino , Doenças da Gengiva/imunologia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Masculino , Metais/análise , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Descoloração de Dente/imunologiaRESUMO
Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is a pigmentary disease of unknown etiology in which damage to basal cells is thought to be mediated by adhesion molecules. The aim of this study was to characterize the histopathology and immunopathology of EDP. Forty-three patients from Medellín, Colombia, with the diagnosis of EDP were evaluated. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies directed against the following markers: CD4, CD8, CD56, CD1a, CD68, CLA, HLA-DR, ICAM-1 and LFA-1alpha. A dermal lymphocytic infiltrate was observed in all cases, with a perivascular location in 86%. Other histologic features included melanophages in all specimens, vacuolization of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) 58% and exocytosis of lymphocytes (53.5%). The mean number of total leukocytes was 1510 cells mm-2 of tissue. There was a predominance of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the dermis and HLA-DR+, ICAM-1+ keratinocytes in the epidermis. Exocytosis of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)+cells was observed in areas of BMZ damage, suggesting that response to antigenic stimulation may play a role in the development of EDP.
Assuntos
Eritema/imunologia , Eritema/patologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Membrana Basal/imunologia , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Membrana Basal/patologia , Criança , Colômbia , Eritema/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos da Pigmentação/metabolismo , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Cutaneous plasmacytosis is a rare disorder that typically affects middle-aged to older individuals of Asian, particularly Japanese, descent. Clinically, it is characterized by multiple asymptomatic red-brown plaques and nodules on the trunk. Lymphadenopathy and hypergammaglobulinemia may be present. Histologically, the lesions show a moderately dense superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate composed predominantly of mature plasma cells without atypia or light chain restriction. We report our experience with five additional cases, including results of immunohistochemical studies for human herpes virus 8.