RESUMO
This study investigated the occurrence and phylogenetic relationship of protozoan parasites and Ehrlichia infecting domestic animals from three municipalities in uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A total of 208 blood samples collected from clinically healthy cattle, sheep, goats and dogs from uMkhanyakude district were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, using either genus or species-specific primers to determine the occurrence and phylogenetic relationship of various protozoan parasites and Ehrlichia of veterinary importance. A total of 5/109 (4.6%) cattle were PCR-positive for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, 33/109 (30.3%) for Babesia bovis, 24/109 (22.02%) for Babesia bigemina and 20/109 (18.3%) for Trypanosoma sp., while 3/10 (30%) of sheep were PCR-positive for Theileria ovis and none of the goats were positive for any of the detected pathogens. The co-infection of 4/109 (3.7%) B. bovis and B. bigemina was detected in cattle. Only Ehrlichia canis was detected in dogs with infection rate of 20/48 (41.7%). Sequences of PCR-positive isolates (B. bovis, B. bigemina, E. canis, T. ovis and T. gondii) showed that they were closely related to their relevant species from various countries. These findings have expanded our knowledge about the prevalence and phylogenetic similarity between protozoan parasites and Ehrlichia isolates of South African origin. To date, this is the first study in South Africa to detect T. gondii infections from cattle blood using PCR.
Assuntos
Babesiose/parasitologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Theileriose/parasitologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , Tripanossomíase/veterinária , Animais , Babesia/classificação , Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Babesiose/microbiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Ehrlichia canis/isolamento & purificação , Ehrlichiose/microbiologia , Ehrlichiose/parasitologia , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Cabras , Prevalência , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Theileria/isolamento & purificação , Theileriose/microbiologia , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasmose Animal/microbiologia , Trypanosoma/classificação , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomíase/microbiologia , Tripanossomíase/parasitologiaRESUMO
Infection with Trypanosoma brucei, which causes African trypanosomiasis, activates microglia, which are constitutively maintained in a quiescent state through CD200-CD200 receptor interactions. C57BL/6 mice have one inhibitory receptor, CD200R and three activating members, CD200 receptor-like (RL)a-c. Infection increased MAC-1 (microglia marker), CD200RLa and CD200RLb, but not CD200, CD200R or CD200RLc, transcript levels in the brains. Minocycline treatment inhibited the infection-induced elevation of MAC-1 and CD200RLa transcripts, but had no significant effect on CD200 or the other receptors. This suggests that CD200RLa might play a role in microglia/macrophage activation during trypanosome infection.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Minociclina/uso terapêutico , Tripanossomíase , Animais , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/microbiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Antígeno de Macrófago 1/genética , Antígeno de Macrófago 1/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/classificação , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/microbiologia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/patogenicidade , Tripanossomíase/tratamento farmacológico , Tripanossomíase/microbiologia , Tripanossomíase/patologiaRESUMO
Two hundred one American toads (Bufo americanus) from northern Michigan were examined for blood trypanosomes. Three species, Trypanosoma bufophlebotomi, T. schmidti-like sp. and T. pseudopodia, had prevalences of 27, 16 and 1%, respectively. Cross experimental inoculations showed that T. bufophlebotomi from toads is not the same as T. ranarum found in frogs of the family Ranidae of this region.
Assuntos
Bufonidae/microbiologia , Animais , Michigan , Rana catesbeiana/microbiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Tripanossomíase/microbiologiaRESUMO
The potential of triatomines to maintain arboviruses was demonstrated by the ability of Rhodinius prolixus with experimentally punctured abdomen to harbor Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus for at least 4 months and St. Louis encephalitis virus for 1 month. At 30 days after infection VEE virus was found at low titers in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected R. prolixus and at moderate titers in T. rangeli-infected R. neglectus. Transmission of VEE virus by bite of punctured bugs was successful 2 weeks after virus ingestion; attempts at 30 days failed.
