RESUMO
Immunomodulating peptide tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) was covalently conjugated to fullerene C(60) by two different ways to prepare NH(2)-tuftsin-C(60) and C(60)-tuftsin-COOH. The two new compounds were intensively characterized. The synthetic C(60)-tuftsin conjugates were assayed for their stability against leucine aminopeptidase degradation. And the immunostimulating activities to murine peritoneal macrophages were investigated in vitro. Compared with the natural tuftsin, significant enhancement of phagocytosis, chemotaxis activities and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecule expression were observed in macrophages stimulated by both of the conjugates. The two conjugates also exhibit complete resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis, and they are non-toxic to macrophages in the tested concentrations. On all accounts, these results suggest that the C(60)-tuftsin conjugates can be used as potential candidates of immunomodulators and vaccine adjuvants.
Assuntos
Fulerenos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/síntese química , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Tuftsina/síntese química , Tuftsina/farmacologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Quimiotáticos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa , Citometria de Fluxo , Fluorescência , Fulerenos/química , Fulerenos/toxicidade , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/química , Fatores Imunológicos/toxicidade , Leucil Aminopeptidase/metabolismo , Macrófagos Peritoneais/citologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Estabilidade Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Tuftsina/química , Tuftsina/toxicidadeRESUMO
The effect of tuftsin of embryo and post-hatch vaccination with NDV-F was studied. The embryo vaccination with NDV-F resulted in more number of dead-in-shell embryos. To overcome this problem, the vaccine was treated separately with ethyl methane sulfate (EMS) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and administered. Treating the vaccine with 5-FU resulted in better hatchability as compared to EMS treatment. In embryo, NDV antibody titres increased upto 2 weeks of age and declined thereafter, whereas in post-hatch vaccination, the antibody titre increased from second to fourth week of age and declined thereafter. The seroconversion was better when the vaccine was given along with tuftsin either to embryos or chicks (post-hatch vaccination) as compared to those vaccinated without tuftsin. Moreover, the percentage of hatchability was more in tuftsin administered groups. It was found that embryo vaccination can ensure definite protection during the early life of the chicks despite the presence of maternal antibodies. In cases where breeder vaccinations do not result in concomitant transfer of antibody to progeny chicks, embryo vaccination would give only neonatal resistance. During the later stages, embryo vaccination did not confer any advantage over post-hatch vaccination.
Assuntos
Embrião de Galinha/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Doença de Newcastle/imunologia , Vírus da Doença de Newcastle/imunologia , Tuftsina/farmacologia , Vacinação/veterinária , Vacinas Virais/farmacologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antimetabólitos/farmacologia , Embrião de Galinha/imunologia , Metanossulfonato de Etila/farmacologia , Fluoruracila/farmacologia , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação/veterinária , Fatores Imunológicos/imunologia , Mutagênicos/farmacologia , Doença de Newcastle/prevenção & controle , Doença de Newcastle/virologia , Tuftsina/imunologia , Tuftsina/toxicidade , Vacinação/métodos , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/toxicidadeRESUMO
The IgG-derived immunomodulating peptide tuftsin, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, is recognized by specific receptors on phagocytic cells, notably macrophages, and is capable of targeting proteins and peptides to these sites. Aiming to target 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) to HIV-infected macrophages, a conjugate of AZT with tuftsin was synthesized. The AZT-tuftsin chimera possesses the characteristic capacities of its two components. Thus, like AZT, it inhibits reverse transcriptase activity and HIV-antigen expression, and similarly to tuftsin, it stimulates IL-1 release from mouse macrophages and augments the immunogenic function of the cells. Importantly, the conjugate is not cytotoxic to T-cells. The results suggest that the AZT-tuftsin conjugate might have potential use in AIDS therapy.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Transcriptase Reversa do HIV/antagonistas & inibidores , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/virologia , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologia , Tuftsina/análogos & derivados , Tuftsina/síntese química , Zidovudina/análogos & derivados , Zidovudina/síntese química , Animais , Fármacos Anti-HIV/toxicidade , Apresentação de Antígeno , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Portadores de Fármacos , Desenho de Fármacos , Feminino , Transcriptase Reversa do HIV/metabolismo , HIV-1/fisiologia , Humanos , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/toxicidade , Tuftsina/farmacologia , Tuftsina/toxicidade , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Zidovudina/farmacologia , Zidovudina/toxicidadeRESUMO
C-Terminal dipeptide fragment of tuftsin, Pro-Arg, substituted by D-amino acids, and tuftsin analogs with n-hexyl- and n-heptylamine coupled to their C-termini were synthesized by a classical method in solution and their antinociceptive activity was measured by tail flick immersion test (0.4 microM/icv). D-Pro-D-Arg and D-Pro-L-Arg showed an analgesic activity, with the duration of 60 and 40 min, respectively. The strong behavioral effects observed after injection of D-Pro-D-Arg were decreased by naloxone. L-Pro-D-Arg and Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-HxA display no antinociceptive effect; the tetrapeptide amide showed some toxicity effects. Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-HpA was very toxic and caused death of all experimental animals. This effect was not influenced by previous injection of naloxone.