Review of 109 cases of primary malignant orofacial lesions seen at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Orofacial malignancy is a growing health issue common in developing regions of the world. Presentation patterns are myriad with geographic variations. Advanced stage owing to late presentation constitutes a significant public health burden. The site and type of the lesions are valuable in diagnosis and patient management. AIM: This study aims to review cases of primary orofacial malignancies at the OAUTHC Dental Hospital. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of histologically diagnosed orofacial malignancies, the relative frequencies, types and site of distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of patients with orofacial malignancies at the OAUTHC, Dental Hospital over a period of 10 years (January 2008-December 2017) were reviewed, demographic data (age, gender and site), history of tobacco use were retrieved and entered into a pro forma. The data obtained were analysed with STATA 11. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Of 375, 109 cases of neoplasms seen were primary malignant tumours, with prevalence rate of 29.1%. There were 71 (65.1%) males and 38 (34.9%) females (male:female ratio of 1.87:1), mean age (48.7 ± 19.3 years) and range (4-94 years). Affected sites were mandible (41, 37.6%), maxilla (39, 35.8%), palate (17, 15.6%) and others. Lesions were mainly squamous cell carcinomas (SCC: 46, 42.2%), salivary gland adenocarcinomas (SGAs, 25, 22.9%) including 8 (32%) cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Others were odontogenic carcinoma (18, 16.5%) and lymphoma (8, 7.3%). Most specimen analysed were hard tissues (n = 63, 57.8%). Thirty-four (73.9%) cases of SCC and 66 (60.6%) cases of primary malignancies were in the 5th-9th decades of life. This was statistically significant at P = 0.000. CONCLUSION: SCC was more prevalent than salivary and odontogenic carcinomas. ACC and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were two most common SGAs. Metastatic tumours to the jaws are rare.

Clinical findings and risk factors to oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: A 12-year retrospective analysis

BACKGROUND: In recent years have been observed an increased incidence of OSCC in young individuals. Based on this, the aim this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of all cases of OSCC in younger patients, diagnosed in two oncology referral hospitals, at the northeast region of Brazil within a 12-year period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data regarding general characteristics of patients (age, gender and tobacco and/or alcohol habits) and information about the lesions (tumor location, size, regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and clinical stage) were submitted to descriptive and inferential analysis. Statistical analysis included Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests ( < 0.05). RESULTS: Out of 2311 registered cases of OSCC, 76 (3.3%) corresponded to OSCC in patients under 45 years old. Most of them were male (n = 62, 81.6%) and tobacco and/or alcohol users (n = 40, 52.8%). The most frequent site was the tongue (n = 31, 40.8%), with predominance of cases classified at advanced clinical stage (III and IV, n = 46, 60.5%). The advanced stage of OSCC (III and IV) was statistically associated with male gender (P = 0.035), lower education level (P=0.007), intraoral sites (P < 0.001), presence of pain symptomatology (P = 0.006), and consumption of tobacco and/or alcohol (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The profile of OSCC in young patients resembles to the commonly characteristics reported for overall population. The late diagnosis in young patients usually results in poor prognosis, associated with gender, harmful habits and tumor location. Although prevalence is low, stimulus to prevention and to early diagnosis should be addressed to young individuals exposed to risk factors

Ameloblastoma: un estudio retrospectivo de 48 casos / Ameloblastoma: a retrospective study of 48 cases

El ameloblastoma es un tumor odontogénico benigno, localmente invasivo y recidivante, que constituye aproximadamente el 11% de los tumores odontogénicos. Estos tumores ocurren más frecuentemente en la mandíbula. El cuadro clínico se caracteriza generalmente por presentar deformaciones faciales, crecimiento lento y asintomático. El tratamiento depende del tipo, la localización y el tamaño del tumor, así como de la edad del paciente. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio retrospectivo de los casos diagnosticados de ameloblastomas en los datos existentes de los archivos del Departamento de Patología Oral de la Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se analizaron los archivos de pacientes en el periodo de enero de 1978 a marzo de 2012, con un diagnóstico definitivo de ameloblastoma. Método. Fueron analizadas las informaciones con respecto a sexo, raza, edad del paciente, presencia de síntomas, aspecto radiográfico del tumor, diagnóstico histopatológico y ubicación anatómica. Resultados. Dentro de los 48 pacientes con ameloblastoma se observó mayor incidencia en la mandíbula en la zona del cuerpo y ángulo (45,8%), que afecta por igual a hombres y mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 36 años y en su gran mayoría se mostraron asintomáticos (81,2%). El tipo más frecuente fue el multiquístico (66,7%), seguido por el uniquístico (31,2%) y el periférico (2,1%). La mayoría de lesiones fueron observadas en la raza blanca (56,3%) y radiográficamente se mostró más frecuente la imagen multilocular (60,4%). Conclusión. Los datos de los ameloblastomas reportados en este estudio fueron similares a los de otras series publicadas en la literatura médica (AU)

Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally invasive and recurrent, odontogenic tumor, which accounts for about 11% of odontogenic tumors. These tumors occur more frequently in the mandible. The clinical picture presented is generally characterized by slow growing and asymptomatic facial deformities. Treatment depends on the type, location and size of the tumor, as well as the age of the patient. The aim of this paper is to present a retrospective study of diagnosed cases of ameloblastoma in existing data files of the Department of Oral Pathology Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data was collected from the files of patients with a definitive diagnosis of ameloblastoma during the period January 1978 to February 2012. Method: An analysis was made of the data, including sex, race, patient age, symptoms, radiographic appearance of the tumor, the histopathological diagnosis and anatomic location. Results: Of the 48 patients with ameloblastoma there was an increased incidence in the jaw and the angle (45.8%). It affected both men and women, with a mean age of 36 years, and the large majority were asymptomatic (81.2%). The most frequent histological type was multicystic (66.7%), followed by unicystic (31.2%), and peripheral (2.1%). Most lesions were observed in white people (56.3%) and radiographically, it was more often a multilocular image (60.4%). Conclusion: The data reported in this study of ameloblastomas were similar to other series reported in the medical literature (AU)

Prevalence trends of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mexico City’s General Hospital experience

Objective: Recent reports suggest an increase in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequency. To improve programs in public health, it is necessary to understand the epidemiological conditions. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in gender, age, anatomic zone and OSCC stage from Mexico City’s General Hospital patients from 1990 to 2008.Study design: A retrospective review of all OSCC cases diagnosed by the Pathology Department of the Mexico City General Hospital was performed. Demographic data, in addition to anatomic zone and histological degree of differentiation were obtained. Central tendency, dispersion and prevalence rate per 100,000 individuals were determined. Results: A total of 531 patients were diagnosed with OSCC; 58.4% were men, giving a male: female ratio of 1.4:1, and the mean age was 62.5 ± 14.9 years. The predominant anatomic zone was the tongue (44.7%), followed by the lips (21.2%) and gums (20.5%). The most frequent histological degree was moderately differentiated in 325 cases (61.2%). The rates of OSCC prevalence showed similar (..) (AU)

A clinicopathological study of malignant odontogenic tumours.

AIMS: Malignant odontogenic tumours (MOTs) are rare neoplasms occurring primarily within the jaw. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, demographics and clinicopathological features of the MOTs from two institutions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The records of the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand and the Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA were searched from 1991 to 2010; we identified 17 cases of previously diagnosed MOTs. All cases were reviewed independently of the previous diagnosis by two blinded oral pathologists and reclassified based on the 2005 World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumours. In this study we describe in detail these 17 cases which presented with an average age of 50.29 years and a male to female ratio of 2.4:1. These cases included five ameloblastic carcinomas, four atypical ameloblastomas, three primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinomas, three intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinomas and two clear cell odontogenic carcinomas. All cases were treated by surgical resection and one patient with ameloblastic carcinoma received postoperative radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant odontogenic tumours are considered rare central odontogenic lesions. Awareness of their existence, rapid diagnosis and successful treatment using surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy is critical to patient survival.