Pregnancy complicated by a Krukenberg tumor with an undetermined origin and its management.

Krukenberg tumor in pregnancy is very rare and management of this condition is a dilemma for physicians. Moreover, the existence of a primary Krukenberg tumor is still in debate. Herein, we present a 29-year-old woman at 29 weeks of pregnancy, admitted with premature labor and revealed to have a signet ring cell ovarian tumor with an undetermined primary origin. A primary Krukenberg tumor or a Krukenberg tumor with an undetermined origin has not been previously reported in a pregnant patient. By virtue of the controversy, we are not eager to use the term 'primary Krukenberg tumor' for this case, although the possibility of the existence of this kind of tumor cannot be totally ignored.

Tumor de Krukenberg tras by-pass gástrico por obesidad mórbida. Cirugía bariátrica y cáncer de estómago / Krukenberg tumor after gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Bariatric surgery and gastric cancer

El by-pass gástrico es una de las técnicas quirúrgicas más em - pleadas en la cirugía de la obesidad mórbida. La neoplasia del remanente gástrico es una complicación poco frecuente (se han descrito seis casos a este nivel), pero con consecuencias importantes para la supervivencia de los pacientes. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que desarrolló un adenocarcinoma en el remanente gástrico tres años tras la cirugía bariátrica, descubriéndose como hallazgo casual tras una cirugía ginecológica por miomas uterinos. Se revisan las diferentes modalidades diagnósticas del segmento excluido (AU)

Gastric by-pass is one of the most performed surgical procedure in bariatric surgery. Neoplasm within gastric remnant is a slightly frequent complication (only six cases have been described) but with important survival consequences. We present a case of a patient who developed an adenocarcinoma in excluded stomach, after three years of bariatric surgery; the tumor was incidentally discovered after a gynecological surgery for uterine myomas. Different diagnostic modalities for the excluded stomach were analyzed (AU)

Tumor de Krukenberg secundario a carcinoma de colon durante el embarazo / Krukenberg tumor secondary to carcinoma of the colon during pregnancy

El tumor de Krukenberg se define como aquel tumor metastásico en ovario uni o bilateral que contiene cantidades importantes de células en anillo de sello y cuyo origen es principalmente digestivo. La incidencia de tumores metastásicos en ovario es muy pequeña (1-5%); asimismo la coincidencia de una masa ovárica de características malignas metastásicas con una gestación es ínfima. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 19 años que tras el diagnóstico de un adenocarcinoma mucinoso de colon, a los 18 meses presenta un tumor de Krukenberg en la semana 29 de gestación. En un primer momento se le realizó cesárea junto a cirugía resectiva del tumor. En un segundo tiempo se le practicó cirugía citorreductora asociada a quimioterapia intraperitoneal intraoperatoria hipertérmica, encontrándose actualmente en remisión clínica y en seguimiento por el servicio de oncología (AU)

Krukenberg tumor is defined as a metastatic uni- or bilateral ovarian tumor that contains significant amounts of signet ring cells and whose origin is mainly gastrointestinal. The incidence of metastatic tumors of the ovary is very small (1-5%), and that of the concurrence of an ovarian mass with metastatic malignant features and pregnancy is negligible. We report the case of a 19-year-old woman who, 18 months after diagnosis of a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon, was diagnosed with a Krukenberg tumor in the 29th week of pregnancy. Initially, cesarean section together with tumoral resection was performed. In a second stage, cytoreductive surgery was performed with hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The patient is currently in clinical remission and is monitored by the oncology service (AU)

[Physiopathologic and clinical aspects of Krukenberg tumors]. / Aspecte fiziopatologice si clinice ale tumorilor Krukenberg.

Although described for the first time for more than one hundred years ago, Krukenberg tumors still retain some controversial aspects. The lack of consensus and consistency in using a single definition, the difficulty to admit the existence of a primitive form of the tumor, the lack of knowledge concerning the precise mechanisms of metastases and the absence of a distinctive and characteristic clinical symptoms which often contrasts the usually large dimensions of the tumor are some of the aspects which need further elucidation.

The power Doppler velocity index, pulsatility index, and resistive index can assist in making a differential diagnosis of primary ovarian carcinoma and Krukenberg tumors: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of transvaginal power Doppler sonography with spectral Doppler analysis as an aid in preoperatively distinguishing primary ovarian carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma to the ovary (Krukenberg tumors). METHODS: Fifty women with ovarian disease were preoperatively examined with transvaginal power Doppler sonography. Six basic parameters were measured, including intratumoral peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, time-averaged maximum velocity, pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), and velocity index (VeI). Blood flow analyses were detectable in all patients. Twelve patients with metastatic carcinoma to the ovary were classified as group 1; 38 patients with primary ovarian carcinoma were classified as group 2. Comparison of intratumoral blood flow analyses between the two groups was performed. RESULTS: The PI, RI, and VeI were significantly lower in patients with metastatic carcinoma to the ovary than those with primary ovarian carcinoma (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the peak systolic velocity (P = .871), end-diastolic velocity (P = .508), and time-averaged maximum velocity (P = .850) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal power Doppler sonography with spectral Doppler analysis is an effective method in evaluating intratumoral blood flow of Krukenberg tumors. Low impedance (PI, RI, and VeI) might assist us in making differential diagnoses between primary ovarian carcinoma and Krukenberg tumors according to our preliminary results.

An in-depth look at Krukenberg tumor: an overview.

Krukenberg tumor is an uncommon metastatic tumor of the ovary. This article provides an overview of the major pathologic manifestations of Krukenberg tumor, patient characteristics, clinical and laboratory features of the disease, prognostic factors, and current knowledge about its pathogenesis. Pathologists have to be familiar with the diagnostic histopathologic features of the tumor and its principal differential diagnoses. Awareness of the diagnostic manifestations of the tumor leads to the correct diagnosis and prevents tumor misclassification, thus avoiding improper clinical management. The article also addresses the potential clinical utility of serum CA 125 in patients with Krukenberg tumors. Prognosis of Krukenberg tumor is still very poor but our review of the literature reveals several factors that appear to have an impact on survival. There is no established treatment for Krukenberg tumors. A national registry and prospective studies are needed to set a therapeutic approach for Krukenberg tumors in the hope of improving the survival rate.

Krukenberg tumors of the ovary: a clinicopathologic analysis of 120 cases with emphasis on their variable pathologic manifestations.

120 Krukenberg tumors were analyzed with emphasis on their wide microscopic spectrum and resultant problems in differential diagnosis. The patients ranged from 13 to 84 years (average, 45 years) with 43% of them under 40 years. Abdominal swelling or pain usually accounted for the clinical presentation, but 17 had abnormal vaginal bleeding, 4 had virilization, and 4 had hirsutism without virilization. Ascites was present in 43% of the cases. Sixty-three percent of the tumors were documented to be bilateral, but both ovaries were not always removed or rigorously examined microscopically. The mean diameter of the tumors was 10.4 cm, and they typically had intact, bosselated external surfaces without adhesions. The sectioned surfaces were typically solid and firm to edematous to gelatinous; one third of the tumors also had cysts. Microscopic examination showed great variation from case to case and within individual neoplasms. Multiple nodules separated by normal stroma were seen in small neoplasms and focally in many larger ones. The tumors were often more cellular at their periphery and edematous to gelatinous centrally. An irregular distribution of cellular and less cellular areas often imparted a pseudolobular pattern. The cellularity of the stroma ranged from densely cellular to paucicellular; the latter regions ranged from edematous to mucoid. The overall morphology varied according to the prominence of signet-ring cells, extracellular mucin, edema, and various epithelial patterns. Signet-ring cells were numerous in most neoplasms (and by definition occupied at least 10% of the neoplasm) but were often absent or inconspicuous in significant areas of them. The signet-ring cells typically had modest but sometimes copious amounts of pale to basophilic cytoplasm; occasionally, it was eosinophilic. The signet-ring cells varied widely in their arrangement, growing singly, in clusters, forming confluent masses or pseudo-tubular arrays or lining part of all of a true tubule. Small glands and tubules were common, often resembling microcysts (when the lining cells were flattened) or Sertoli tubules; mucinous glands and cysts and medium-sized to large intestinal-type glands were also relatively common, particularly the latter. Extracellular mucin was often conspicuous and, when associated with scant acellular collagenous stroma, gave a distinctive appearance referred to by us as "feathery degeneration." Stromal luteinization was present in the tumors of the 8 pregnant patients and was seen in 14% of the nonpregnant patients. Unusual features that complicated the microscopic picture included diffuse sheets or other arrangements of mucin-free indifferent cells, squamous cells, clear cells, transitional cells, and corded, trabecular, and insular patterns. Vascular space invasion was common. Two thirds of the primary carcinomas were detected synchronously with, or subsequent to, detection of the Krukenberg tumor compounding the diagnostic difficulty posed by the cases. Two thirds of the primary tumors were in the stomach; other primary sites in order of frequency were appendix, colon, breast, small intestine, rectum, gallbladder, and urinary bladder. Our observations emphasize that the microscopic spectrum of the Krukenberg tumor is broader that often presented in the literature, in particular tubules, glands, and cysts often being present, and the wide pathologic differential diagnosis is discussed.

[A rare tumor of the ovary: Krukenberg's tumor. Apropos of 11 cases]. / Une tumeur rare de l'ovaire: la tumeur de Krukenberg. A propos de 11 observations.

The authors present 11 cases of Krukenberg tumour and have reviewed the literature concerning this condition. They conclude that the expectation of cure is increased if the primary tumour is removed early and if chemotherapy, hormono-therapy when indicated and immunotherapy are carried out, preferably together. No treatment at present seems to be specific for this condition.