The evolution of surgical virtual education and telementoring: One surgeon's journey.

The first era of the global proliferation of surgical advancements involved surgical infection rate and technique breakthroughs by Lister, Halsted, and others. This was propagated by letters, academic papers, and international visits. While success was achieved, it was at a suboptimal pace. In the current era of minimally invasive surgical approaches, these methods are inadequate. This paper chronicles the development and application of virtual learning and telementoring as force multipliers to speed procedural adoption and proliferation.

Mentoring Social Work PhD Students to Help Re-imagine Long-term Care.

This commentary explores the role of mentoring in creating the next generation of gerontological social work scholars through examining the mentoring of Dr. Rosalie Kane. We review how Rosalie exemplified some of key characteristics of an exceptional academic mentor based on communications with many of her former mentees, provide an account of her last formal mentoring relationship with a graduate student, and discuss how Rosalie's mentorship related to her hopes for re-imagining long-term care and the future of gerontological social work.

Vinte anos de experiência de mentoria na Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG: desafios enfrentados e soluções propostas / Twenty years of mentoring at the UFMG Medical School: challenges faced and proposed solutions

Resumo: Introdução: A mentoria na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais se iniciou em 2001, em resposta a dificuldades emocionais dos estudantes, mas foi precedida por um projeto experimental, fundamentado no modelo de ajuda, em 1983. Relato de experiência e discussão: Desde o seu início, muitos foram os desafios enfrentados, desde sua valorização e o entendimento de sua finalidade até a dificuldade de participação e manutenção dos mentores, bem como a ocorrência de uma mudança curricular nesse período. Para responder a esses desafios, algumas soluções foram propostas, como a educação continuada e a supervisão para os mentores, a criação da comentoria e da monitoria com o mentor júnior, e a busca de mentores voluntários. Novos desafios surgem a cada dia, mas a mentoria completou 20 anos de funcionamento no formato de disciplina obrigatória. Convive atualmente com dificuldades que a fragilizam e ameaçam, principalmente o fato de, embora institucional, ser dependente do esforço pessoal de um grupo de profissionais que nela acreditam. Conclusão: A difusão do conceito de mentoring e de sua importância na formação médica, a valorização de professores que se interessam pela atividade de mentoria, com reconhecimento de seu trabalho pela instituição, e a formação continuada de mentores foram e continuam sendo medidas necessárias para o fortalecimento da mentoria.

Abstract: Introduction: Mentoring at the Federal University of Minas Gerais Medical School started in 2001 in response to emotional difficulties reported by students, but was preceded by an experimental project based on the aid model in 1983. Experience report and discussion: Many challenges have been faced from the outset, from appreciating and understanding the purpose of the program, to ensuring the participation of and maintaining mentors, in addition to a curricular change that occurred in this period. In response to these challenges, some solutions have been proposed, such as continuing education and supervision for mentors, the creation of co-mentoring and undergraduate course monitoring, with the junior mentor and the search for volunteer mentors. New challenges arise every day, but the mentoring program is now twenty years' old as a compulsory subject of the medicine course. Mentoring currently has difficulties that weaken and threaten it, especially its dependence on the personal effort of a group of professionals who believe in it. Conclusion: The diffusion of the concept of mentoring and its importance in medical training; the appreciation of teachers who are interested in the mentoring activity, with recognition of their work by the institution, and the continued training of mentors have been and continue to be necessary measures to strengthen mentoring.

The Rock of Gibraltar: The Value of Mentorship in the Early Years (Dr. Virginia Apgar and Dr. Ralph Waters).

Behind every successful physician there are mentors to light the path. Ralph Waters, founder of the anesthesiology residency at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was an instrumental part of Virginia Apgar's success; his support of her education and promotion of her professional endeavors proved to shape the medical powerhouse that Apgar would become. In this article, we learn about the professional and personal relationship between Waters and Apgar through personal correspondence from the Ralph Waters Collection at University of Wisconsin Archives, scientific publications, and meeting records. Through his support of her career, she was able to achieve success despite the Great Depression, World War II, and the novelty of being a woman in medicine. In her career, Apgar became the first female full professor at Columbia University, designed and implemented the Apgar score, and led the Division of Congenital Malformations at the March of Dimes among many other accomplishments. Though they lived half of a country apart in Wisconsin and in New York, the mentor and mentee bridged the gap in geography through regular correspondence, American Society of Anesthetists (now American Society of Anesthesiologists) meetings (where Waters served as president and Apgar as treasurer), and exchange of trainees between the University of Wisconsin at Madison and Columbia University. Apgar revealed herself to be a persistent, hardworking, intelligent, and passionate academic physician - the perfect pupil for Waters. This article's aim is to underscore the importance of mentorship - with equal commitment to the relationship from mentor and mentee - then and now.

Pioneer Paper: An Accidental Scientist: Chance, Failure, Risk-Taking, and Mentoring.

I never intended to become a scientist. My career developed on the basis of chance happenings, repeated failure, the willingness to take risks and the acceptance and provision of mentoring. My career has included periods of difficulty and shifted back and forth between academic health centers and universities in Canada. Although I have been amply recognized for my successes, my greatest learning has come from my failures. My greatest satisfaction has been in the development, evaluation and dissemination of interventions. The combination of intellectual stimulation and emotional gratification has meant a rewarding career.

Andrew Lees, a visionary mentored by a madman.

Andrew Lees, Professor of Neurology at the National Hospital Queen Square (London, UK), has been recognized as the world's most highly-cited researcher over the 200-year history of Parkinson's Disease. Although he remains actively involved in the investigation of movement disorders, Prof. Lees embarked on a literary career that started in 2011 with the publication of a social history of his native Liverpool. His last work is Mentored by a Madman: The William Burroughs Experiment, which is reviewed here.

Andrew Lees, a visionary mentored by a madman / Andrew Lees, um visionário orientado por um louco

ABSTRACT Andrew Lees, Professor of Neurology at the National Hospital Queen Square (London, UK), has been recognized as the world’s most highly-cited researcher over the 200-year history of Parkinson’s Disease. Although he remains actively involved in the investigation of movement disorders, Prof. Lees embarked on a literary career that started in 2011 with the publication of a social history of his native Liverpool. His last work is Mentored by a Madman: The William Burroughs Experiment, which is reviewed here.

RESUMO Andrew Lees, Professor Titular de Neurologia no National Hospital Queen Square (Londres, Reino Unido), é reconhecido como o mais citado pesquisador em 200 anos de história de doença de Parkinson. Embora permaneça ativamente envolvido em investigação em distúrbios do movimento, o Prof. Lees iniciou carreira literária em 2011 com a publicação de uma história social de sua native Liverpool. Seu último trabalho nesta área é Mentored by a Madman. The William Burroughs Experiment que revisado neste artigo.

Norman M. Dott, master of hypothalamic craniopharyngioma surgery: the decisive mentoring of Harvey Cushing and Percival Bailey at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital.

Norman McOmish Dott (1897-1973) developed surgical neurology in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was a scholar of worldwide renown. One of Dott's most notable contributions to neurosurgery was his understanding of hypothalamic physiology, mostly acquired through the comprehensive study of patients with lesions involving this region of the diencephalon, particularly craniopharyngiomas (CPs). Recognition of symptoms caused by hypothalamic disturbances allowed him to predict the accurate anatomical relationships between CPs and the hypothalamus, despite the rudimentary radiological methods available during the 1930s. His sophisticated knowledge permitted Dott to perform radical removals of CPs originating within the third ventricle floor with acceptable success. Between 1934 and 1937, he operated on 4 CP cases originating in the hypothalamus, achieving a satisfactory postoperative outcome in 3 of the 4 patients. Aware of the strong attachment of hypothalamic CPs to the infundibulo-tuberal area, Dott used a double transbasal and transventricular approach to these lesions, a strategy providing an optimal view and control of the tumor boundaries. The decisive mentorship of several legendary figures of physiology and neurosurgery greatly influenced Dott's surgical evolution. The experimental pituitary gland work he performed with Sir Edward Sharpey-Schäfer at the beginning of his career stirred Dott's curiosity about the issue of hypothalamus-pituitary relationships. As a result, he decided to move to Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (Boston, Massachusetts) in 1923, to train in neurosurgery and neuropathology under the guidance of the leaders in these fields, Harvey Williams Cushing (1869-1939) and Percival Sylvester Bailey (1892-1973). They inspired the young Dott and shared with him their clinical and pathological expertise, in addition to their surgical strategies for best approaching and removing these challenging tumors. In time, Dott would come to surpass his mentors. This paper aims to credit Norman M. Dott for his decisive, modern contributions to hypothalamic CP surgery.

Galen Wagner, M.D., Ph.D. (1939-2016) as international mentor of young investigators in electrocardiology.

This paper describes a substantial part of the international mentoring network of students and young investigators in electrocardiology that developed around Dr. Galen Wagner (1939-2016), including many experiences of his mentees and co-mentors. The paper is meant to stimulate thinking about international mentoring as a means to achieve important learning experiences and personal development of young investigators, to intensify international scientific cooperation, and to stimulate scientific production.